scholarly journals Reproductive parasitism in insects. The interaction of host and bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Goryacheva ◽  
Boris Andrianov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Symbiotic System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Reproductive Parasitism ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Insect Populations

Reproductive parasitism is a specific form of symbiosis in which a microorganism alters the reproduction of the host by interfering with the mechanisms of sex development. The review considers four changes in reproduction — male killing, parthenogenesis, feminization, and cytoplasmic incompatibility — determined by cytoplasmic bacteria. The cytogenetic and molecular genetic mechanisms of interaction between partners in the symbiotic system are discussed, including the comparative analysis of molecular-genetic factors responsible for reproductive parasitism. The features of the interaction between an insect and bacteria in symbiosis with various systems for determining the sex of the host, male and female heterogamy and haplodiploidy, are considered. Studies of cytoplasmic incompatibility are of great practical importance, since they open up prospects for non-invasive engineering on natural insect populations for biocontrol.

Genetic testing for autistic spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Е.А. Померанцева ◽  
А.А. Исаев ◽  
А.П. Есакова ◽  
И.В. Поволоцкая ◽  
Е.В. Денисенкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Testing Algorithm

Согласно рекомендациям Американской академии педиатрии при постановке диагноза аутизм, следует направить семью на консультацию генетика и генетическое обследование. Однако оптимальный подход к алгоритму генетического обследования при выявлении расстройства аутистического спектра еще предстоит разработать. В рамках исследования было проведено сравнение выявляемости генетических факторов аутизма различными молекулярно-генетическими тестами. According to American Academy of Pediatrics recent guidelines, each family with a child diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder should be reffered to a medical geneticist and offered genetic tests. However, an optimal genetic testing algorithm has yet to be developed. This study was conducted to compare abilities of different molecular-genetic methods to detect genetic factors of autistic spectrum disorders.

Epigenetic factors and molecular markers of the risk of early pregnancy losses

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nataly I Frolova ◽  
Tatiana E Belokrinitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
Combined Impact

Background. Miscarriage is a common complication in early pregnancy. Current studies have shown a higher prevalence of miscarriage, ranging from 10 to 20%. The review is devoted to modern concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of early pregnancy losses. Aim. Assess the role of epigenetic factors and molecular-genetic markers in the pathogenesis and prediction of early pregnancy losses Materials and methods. In order to write this review domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 10-15 years. Relevant articles from the peer-reviewed literature and clinical practice guidelines were included. Results. Many recent studies have proved the contribution of various epigenetic factors to the pathogenesis of spontaneous miscarriages, and the molecular-genetic determination such kinds of pregnancy complication has been confirmed. Conclusion. The miscarriage in early gestation is driven by combined impact of epigenetic and molecular-genetic factors, as well as the presence of intergenic interactions. It is may lead to deterioration of physiological functions, and maternal pathologenic pathways could be changed as during her periconceptional period as so during the pregnancy.

GENETIC CERTIFICATION OF FODDER CROPS BREEDING ACHIEVEMENTS

1970 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V. M. Kosolapov ◽  
N. N. Kozlov ◽  
I. А. Klimenko ◽  
V. N. Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Prospects Of Application

The methods of genetic identification of forage crops varieties and forms have significant scientific and practical importance in breeding and seed multiplication, in protection of author’s rights. At the current moment molecular markers on the base of DNA-polymorphism have been applied widely for these aims. This analytical review examines the possibilities and the prospects of application the different DNA-analysis methods for assessment of forage crops genetic diversity and for development the molecular-genetic passports of breeding achievements. The objective estimation of varieties structure and presence impurities is a necessary condition for improving the methodical approaches in approbation of crops and for decision the problems of timely variety-seed renovation and its systematic replacement. The system of DNA markers that registered in genetic passport will enable to keep the initial genetic structure of variety and to maintain it in production process during long time without fluctuations of agronomic important characteristics and properties. This factor is especially valuable for development the primary seed multiplication.

Identification of Potential Pleiotropic Genes for Immune and Skeletal Diseases Using Multivariate MetaCCA Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei He ◽  
Rong- Rong Cao ◽  
Fei- Yan Deng ◽  
Shu- Feng Lei
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Immune Disease ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Shared Genetic

Background: Immune and skeletal systems physiologically and pathologically interact with each other. The immune and skeletal diseases may share potential pleiotropic genetics factors, but the shared specific genes are largely unknown Objective: This study aimed to investigate the overlapping genetic factors between multiple diseases (including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia and fracture) Methods: The canonical correlation analysis (metaCCA) approach was used to identify the shared genes for six diseases by integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS)-derived summary statistics. Versatile Gene-based Association Study (VEGAS2) method was further applied to refine and validate the putative pleiotropic genes identified by metaCCA. Results: About 157 (p<8.19E-6), 319 (p<3.90E-6) and 77 (p<9.72E-6) potential pleiotropic genes were identified shared by two immune disease, four skeletal diseases, and all of the six diseases, respectively. The top three significant putative pleiotropic genes shared by both immune and skeletal diseases, including HLA-B, TSBP1 and TSBP1-AS1 (p<E-300) were located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. Nineteen of 77 putative pleiotropic genes identified by metaCCA analysis were associated with at least one disease in the VEGAS2 analysis. Specifically, majority (18) of these 19 putative validated pleiotropic genes were associated with RA. Conclusion: The metaCCA method identified some pleiotropic genes shared by the immune and skeletal diseases. These findings help to improve our understanding of the shared genetic mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying immune and skeletal diseases.

Markers of steroid resistance of the primary nephrotic syndrome in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
S. L. Morozov ◽  
◽  
V. V. Dlin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Primary Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Common

The global task of the recent decade is to search for clinical and laboratory markers accurately showing a patient’s reaction to steroid therapy and other immunosuppressive drugs. It is important the applied methods and tests to be non-invasive and simple to use. The article considers various biomarkers used to verify the type of nephrotic syndrome depending on the sensitivity to steroid therapy. Besides the common markers, which are used in clinical practice or have shown a significant result, the work highlights the molecular- genetic markers of resistance to steroid therapy, which are of special clinical importance today. Also, the article presents authors’ own results in diagnosing the steroid resistance of the primary nephrotic syndrome.

scholarly journals The genetic epidemiology of personality disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

Genetic epidemiologic studies indicate that all ten personality disorders (PDs) classified on the DSM-IV axis II are modestly to moderately heritable. Shared environmental and nonadditive genetic factors are of minor or no importance. No sex differences have been identified, Multivariate studies suggest that the extensive comorbidity between the PDs can be explained by three common genetic and environmental risk factors. The genetic factors do not reflect the DSM-IV cluster structure, but rather: i) broad vulnerability to PD pathology or negative emotionality; ii) high impulsivity/low agreeableness; and iii) introversion. Common genetic and environmental liability factors contribute to comorbidity between pairs or clusters of axis I and axis II disorders. Molecular genetic studies of PDs, mostly candidate gene association studies, indicate that genes linked to neurotransmitter pathways, especially in the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, are involved. Future studies, using newer methods like genome-wide association, might take advantage of the use of endophenotypes.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of mule uncovered several heterosis-related genes for improving muscular endurance and cognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Gene Expression

AbstractHeterosis has been widely exploited in animal and plant breeding to enhance the productive traits of hybrid progeny of two breeds or two species. Although, there were multiple models for explaining the hybrid vigor, such as dominance and over-dominance hypothesis, its underlying molecular genetic mechanisms remain equivocal. The aim of this study is through comparing the different expression genes (DEGs) and different alternative splicing (DAS) genes to explore the mechanism of heterosis. Here, we performed a genome-wide gene expression and alternative splicing analysis of two heterotic crosses between donkey and horse in three tissues. The results showed that the DAS genes influenced the heterosis-related phenotypes in a unique than DEGs and about 10% DEGs are DAS genes. In addition, over 69.7% DEGs and 87.2% DAS genes showed over-dominance or dominance, respectively. Furthermore, the “Muscle Contraction” and “Neuronal System” pathways were significantly enriched both for the DEGs and DAS genes in muscle. TNNC2 and RYR1 genes may contribute to mule’s great endurance while GRIA2 and GRIN1 genes may be related with mule’s cognition. Together, these DEGs and DAS genes provide the candidates for future studies of the genetic and molecular mechanism of heterosis in mule.

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