scholarly journals The specifics of the use of the pronoun pair sei — onyi in the works of M.V.Lomonosov

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-620
Author(s):  
Anna S. Smirnova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

Based on the National corpus data of the Russian language and especially on Mikhail Lomonosov’s texts, the article focuses on a pronoun pair sei — onyi. In the Church Slavonic and in the Middle Russian language these pronouns were used in the deictic and substitution (anaphoric) function. The pronoun pair sei and onyi in a phrase or period indicates a juxtaposition or opposition of objects and these pronouns are used in a substitution function. Closer attention to these pronouns in Lomonosov’s works and translations makes it possible to notice one feature that is not fixed in dictionaries and grammars, the peculiarity of using this pair of pronouns in anaphoric function: sei replaces the last (nearest) mentioned object and onyi replaces the first mentioned one. Rare examples of such use are also found in the translated texts of the Church Slavonic and Middle Russian corpus. Similar examples are found in the body of Lomonosov’s texts not only in his translated texts, but also in his self-translations and own Russian works (in prose and poetry). As the examples illustrate, the use of the pronominal pair sei — onyi in Lomonosov’s texts was influenced by the pronominal pair hic — ille in the classical Latin. By borrowing and developing the Latin model of pronouns Lomonosov sought to combine the Russian language with the Latin element in order to show the relationship of the Russian language with the ancient one and their cultural equality.

scholarly journals On Adjectival Attributives Blood, Direct, Peaceful as Components of Archaic Nominations of Friends

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Spiritual Intimacy ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Over Time ◽  
National Corpus

The article discusses the changes in collocability of the word friend over time. It notes that the works by A.S. Pushkin contain the forms, unexpected for the perception of the native speakers of the modern Russian language: blood friends, direct friend, peaceful friends. The analysis of the specified attributive combinations is carried out applying definitional, contextual, linguocultural analysis methods. The text material from the National Corpus of the Russian language is used. It is proved that the expression "blood friends" could denote "people connected by strong friendship" and "people of the same class". Physical kinship criterion has been proved to serve as a basis for cognitive understanding of spiritual intimacy and social class identification. However, the connection between primary and secondary semantics is not so direct here; it is mediated by the cultural layer – the custom of twinning, a form of artificial relationship noted among many peoples. Most examples of the usage of the phrase "direct friend" mean 'express your opinion to someone honestly, directly'. The expression "peaceful friends" is interpreted as based on a doubling of the meaning 'in a relationship of agreement'. The research results can be used in compiling dictionaries of the Russian language, and also in teaching linguistic disciplines.

scholarly journals On the problem of typological research of the Russian phonetic system in a linguodidactic context

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Е.Л. Бархударова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language

В основе разработки курсов практической фонетики, адресованных иноязычной аудитории, лежит анализ типологического своеобразия фонетической системы изучаемого языка в контексте лингводидактики. К числу важных направлений типологического исследования звукового строя русского языка следует отнести, во-первых, изучение соотношения консонантизма и вокализма в его фонетической системе на иноязычном фоне, во-вторых, – анализ позиционных закономерностей русской фонетической системы в сопоставлении с функционированием звуковых единиц в типологически разных языках. В позиционных закономерностях звукового строя языка наиболее ярко проявляется его идиоматичность: в каждом языке позиционные закономерности носят специфический характер и определяются соотношением парадигматики и синтагматики звуковых единиц. Большое число фонологически значимых отклонений в иностранном акценте обусловлено интерферирующим воздействием позиционных закономерностей родного языка на русскую речь учащихся. The development of practical phonetics courses addressed to a foreign audience is based on the analysis of the typological features of the phonetic system of the target language in the context of linguodidactics. It is necessary to designate two important areas of typological research of the sound structure of the Russian language: the study of the relationship of consonantism and vocalism in its phonetic system against a foreign language background and the analysis of positional rules of the Russian phonetic system in comparison with the functioning of sound units in typologically different languages. Idiomatic character of the language is most clearly manifested in the positional patterns of its sound structure. In each language, positional patterns are specific and are determined by the dominance of paradigmatic or syntagmatic relations of sound units. A large number of phonologically significant deviations in a foreign accent are due to the interfering influence of the positional laws of the native language on the Russian speech of students.

Creati per amare: la sessualità umana secondo Giovanni Paolo II

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Laffitte
Keyword(s):  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

A partire dalla seconda metà del secolo scorso, la Chiesa si è trovata a dover ripensare i rapporti tra fede, teologia e antropologia in problematiche nuove come, ad esempio, la sessualità umana. Interprete privilegiato di questa rielaborazione è stato, senza dubbio, Giovanni Paolo II che in più occasioni ha avuto modo di riflettere e illustrare la teologia, la antropologia e l’etica che sostengono la visione cristiana della sessualità umana. Di questa vasta produzione, l’articolo prende in esame soprattutto le Catechesi di Giovanni Paolo II con frequenti richiami e illustrazioni del pensiero del filosofo Karol Wojty´la. L’analisi dell’autore prende le mosse dall’esposizione di Giovanni Paolo II dei dati creaturali dei tre primi capitoli del libro della Genesi, esaminando, in particolar modo, i significati fondamentali della solitudine originaria dell’uomo verso la creazione e poi il rapporto maschio-femmina. Vengono illustrati quindi l’esperienza dell’amore e l’ethos del dono: l’esperienza cristiana è presentata dal Pontefice come evento e saggezza e legata all’esperienza di amore che l’uomo sperimenta nel rapporto di filiazione che lo unisce a Dio; l’esperienza dell’amore coniugale ruota attorno alla corporeità umana e ai suoi valori/significati. Il corpo assume dunque un significato sponsale che conserva anche dopo la caduta, testimonianza dell’innocenza originaria e della libertà del dono. In tale contesto l’esperienza dell’amore è vissuta come mediazione di una conoscenza che va al di là della persona dell’amato aprendo l’orizzonte al dono divino anteriore. Nella seconda parte del contributo si prendono in esame i significati dell’amore e l’esperienza etica della sessualità così come sviluppati da Giovanni Paolo II: nella corporeità umana, in cui è impressa la complementarietà biologica, vi è una chiamata alla comunione che non è solo comunione tra i due sessi, ma che rimanda a una divina comunione di Persone. L’autore esamina anche l’esercizio della sessualità in rapporto alla legge naturale intesa come conformità alla ragione umana protesa verso la verità. Tale conformità conduce alla retta comprensione dell’intima struttura dell’atto coniugale, la cui “verità ontologica” si manifesta nell'inscindibilità delle due dimensioni unitiva e procreativa. In questa ampia visione della sessualità è compreso anche il mistero dell’amore nuziale tra Cristo e la Chiesa: la comunione di vita e d’amore tra l’uomo e la donna ha come missione propria di significare e rendere attuale l’unione tra Cristo e la sua Chiesa. L’articolo termina con l’analisi del legame tra corpo e sacramento e della dimensione sacrificale e nuziale del dono eucaristico. ---------- Since the second half of the last century, the Church has found herself having to rethink the relationship between faith, theology, and anthropology within new problems concerning, for example, human sexuality. Without any doubt, a privileged interpreter of this reprocessing was John Paul II, who on more occasions had a way of reflecting upon and illustrating the theology, anthropology, and ethics that support the Christian vision of human sexuality. Out of the vast work produced, the article examines especially the Catecheses of John Paul II with frequent appeals to and illustrations of the thought of Karol Wojty´la. The author’s analysis begins its quest with John Paul II’s exposition of creatural data in the first three chapters of the Book of Genesis, examining in particular the fundamental meanings of the original solitude of man toward creation and then the relationship between male and female. The experience of love and the ethos of gift thus come to be illustrated: Christian experience is presented by the Pontiff as event and wisdom and is connected to the experience of love that man experiences in the relationship of filiation that unites Him to God. The experience of conjugal love revolves around human corporeity and its values/meanings. The body thus assumes a spousal meaning that remains even after the Fall, serving as testimony of original innocence and the freedom of gift. Within such a context, the experience of love is lived out as the mediation of knowledge that goes beyond the person of the loved, opening up the horizon to the earlier divine gift. In the second part of this contribution, the meanings of love and the ethical experience of sexuality as such are examined as developments by John Paul II: In human corporeity, upon which biological complementarity is impressed, there is a call to communion that is not only communion between the two sexes, but which refers back to a divine communion of Persons. The author also examines the exercise of sexuality in relation to a natural law intended as conformity to a human reason reaching toward truth. Such conformity leads to the proper understanding of the intimate structure of the conjugal act, whose “ontological truth” manifests itself through the inseparability of the two dimensions: unitive and the procreative. Within this comprehensive vision of sexuality also resonates the mystery of nuptial love between Christ and the Church: The communion of life and love between man and woman that has as its own mission to signify and render present the union between Christ and His Church. The article ends with an analysis of the connection between body and sacrament and of the sacrificial and nuptial dimension of the Eucharistic gift.

scholarly journals Regularities of mastering the accent of the Russian language of bilingual students

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
M.I. Shurpaeva
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with the specifics of mastering the accentological norms of the Russian language of bilingual students. The regularities of assimilation of stress associated with the peculiarities of the native language and the properties of Russian stress. Types of exercises and tasks for development of skills of selection of shock syllable, assimilation of formative and semantic functions of stress are offered. The necessity of taking into account the relationship of phonetics, grammar and vocabulary in the process of assimilating the norms of stress bilingual students.

scholarly journals The Semantics of Participation in the Russian Language as a Reflection of the Cultural Universal «Own/Foreign» Concept and the «West/East» Opposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1538-1546
Author(s):  
Igor Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The West ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Empirical Material

This paper deals with the issues of an important ethnic trait through the reflection in the Russian language and in the speech behavior of native speakers. This trait is focused around the need for actualization of «participation» or complicity in speech and social behavior as an invisible connection established in the inner world of the subject of the relationship of participation with other persons, animals, objects, spatial and social objects and even eras and ideas. The developed semantics of participation in the Russian language reflects the cultural universal concept of «own/foreign». L. Levy-Bruhl studied one member of that opposition theoretically and on the basis of extensive empirical material created the anthropological theory of participation. Russian linguists V. V. Ivanov, Yu. D. Apresyan, V. S. Khrakovsky and A. P. Volodin, I. I. Kovtunova studied concepts associated with the notion of participation in the mid‑1980s using the material of Russian deixis and the category of possessiveness. In the Russian language, the semantics of participation is expressed by various linguistic means: the means of verbal and pronominal deixis, diminutives, possessive syntactic constructions and affixes, words with the semantics of emotional attitude and assistance

scholarly journals A Case of Pragmaticalization in Russian: Micro-diachronic Analysis of the Particle ‘že’ in Questions

Slovene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-361
Author(s):  
Olga E. Pekelis
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

Že is one of the most closely studied particles in Russian, but its use within interrogative sentences, although it is a separate type of use, has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, I deal with the semantic and syntactic properties of že as part of a constituent or a polar question in the 18th–19th centuries and in modern usage. Based on the Russian National Corpus data, it is demonstrated that, in modern texts, že can appear in questions in four different meanings, each of them pragmatically coloured, whereas in the 19th century and earlier, že could also have a pragmatically neutral meaning, close to a conjunctive one, which has today been lost. This diachronic development corresponds to a typologically widespread scenario and represents the process known as pragmaticalization. The proposed semantic analysis of že is further considered in the light of syntactic tendencies in the evolution of this particle. This analysis can explain the absence of že in the polar questions in modern Russian and its presence in such types of questions in the Russian language of the 18th–19th centuries. The assumption that že has lost its conjunctive-like meaning in interrogative sentences is consistent with the observation that the conjunctive že is the less frequent type of že in declarative sentences.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICITY OF THE VERBS AND VERBAL PREFIXES IN RUSSIAN: CORPUS ANALYSIS (BASED ON MATERIAL OF VERBS WITH PREFIX PRED-)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Юлия Александровна Сухорукова
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Relative Independence ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

Введение. Современная корпусно-ориентированная лингвистика позволяет изучать явления языка, расширяя базу данных, на которой строятся исследования, привлекая для анализа широкие возможности текстовой и метатекстовой разметки корпусов. Цель – на основе данных Национального корпуса русского языка описать функциональное своеобразие русских глагольных префиксов (на материале глаголов с приставкой пред-), «отвечающих» за использование префиксального глагола в текстах определенной сферы функционирования и тематики. Материал и методы. Объектом данного исследования являются префикс пред- с проспективной семантикой «заранее совершить действие» и глаголы с ним, образованные по модели, привнесенной в русский язык из старославянского языка. Исходя из положения, что приставка, обладающая относительной самостоятельностью в структуре глагола по сравнению с суффиксом, способна не только модифицировать значение глагола, но и менять сферу его употребления, предлагается сравнительный анализ функционирования глагола с префиксом пред- и соответствующего ему бесприставочного глагола посредством анализа сферы функционирования и тематики текстов, в которых реализуются указанные единицы. Анализируются вхождения рассматриваемых глаголов в текстах девяти сфер функционирования (художественной, церковно-богословской, учебно-научной и т. д.) и 42 тематик (право, наука и технология, политика и общественная жизнь и т. д.). Результаты и обсуждение. Сделано предположение, что глаголы с приставкой пред- в силу ее старославянского происхождения и в современном русском языке оказываются задействованными в текстах церковно-религиозной сферы, а также в текстах тех сфер употребления, которые коррелируют с «прогнозирующей» функцией проспективных глаголов. Исходя из данного предположения рассматриваются пары единиц предсказать/сказать, предвидеть/видеть, предназначить/назначить, предшествовать/шествовать, предписать/писать; рассчитывается процент их употребления в текстах определенной сферы функционирования и тематики по отношению к количеству текстов в данной сфере и тематике; выявляются наиболее значимые для пред-единиц сферы функционирования (церковно-богословская, учебно-научная, художественная, производственно-техническая) и тематики текстов (философия, филология, астрономия, физика и т. п.), в которых зафиксированы исследуемые единицы. Заключение. Обращение к данным Национального корпуса русского языка позволило выявить изменение по сравнению с бесприставочными единицами сферы употребления глаголов с префиксом пред- (реже тематики текстов). Это позволяет утверждать, что приставка действительно способна влиять на употребление глаголов с ней. Introduction. Modern corpus-oriented linguistics allows us to study the phenomena of language, expanding the database on which research is based, attracting for analysis the wide possibilities of text and metatext markup of corpus. The aim of this work is to describe, based on the data of the Russian National Corpus, the functional peculiarity of Russian verb prefixes (based on the material of verbs with the prefix pred-), which are «responsible» for the use of the prefixal verb in texts of a certain sphere of functioning and subject matter. Material and methods. The object of this study is the prefix pred- with the prospective semantics «to do an action in advance» and verbs with it, formed according to the model introduced into the Russian language from the Old Slavic language. Based on the statement that the prefix, which has a relative independence in the structure of the verb in comparison with the suffix, is able not only to modify the meaning of the verb, but also to change the scope of its use, the article offers a comparative analysis of the functioning of the verb with the prefix pred- and the corresponding non-prepositional verb by analyzing the sphere of use and the subject of texts in which these units are realized. The article analyzes the occurrences of the verbs in the texts of 9 spheres of functioning (artistic, church-theological, educational-scientific, etc.) and 42 subjects (law, science and technology, politics and public life, etc.). Results and discussion. We suggest that verbs with the prefix pred-, due to its Old Slavic origin, are involved in the texts of the church-religious sphere in modern Russian, as well as in the texts of those spheres of use that correlate with the “predictive” function of prospective verbs. Based on this assumption, we consider pairs of units to predict/say, foresee/see, destine/assign, precede/march, prescribe/write; the percentage of their use in texts of a certain sphere of functioning and subject matter is calculated in relation to the number of texts in this sphere and subject matter; we identify the most significant areas of functioning (church-theological, educational-scientific, artistic, industrial-technical) and subjects of texts (philosophy, philology, astronomy, physics, etc.) in which the studied units are realized. Conclusion. The reference to the data of the Russian National Corpus revealed a change in the sphere of use of verbs with the prefix pred- (less often the subject of texts), which allows us to assert that the prefix is really able to influence the use of verbs with it.

scholarly journals Text in the system of development of native and foreign speech activity: the relationship of the linguistic base of education in school and HEI

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
School Programs ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the problem of interrelation of linguistic base of development of native and foreign speech activity of schoolchildren and students. The authors identify the actual difficulties experienced by Chinese students in mastering the Russian language at an advanced stage in the University, and justify the assumption that one of the reasons for difficulties in the creation of a complete text is in the margin of the linguistic base (insufficient information about the text) development of native language activity in the school to the needs of foreign language teaching at the University . In search of the reason, the authors carry out a comparative analysis of school programs in the native language of the two countries - Ukraine and China – and provide an opportunity for the pedagogical community to get acquainted with the content of training on the development of speech activity, with the structure of programs in order to understand and choose a more effective way of building the program and filling it with the necessary content from the field of linguistics of the text. This information, according to scientists, is the basis for the development of both native and foreign speech. Strengthening the school base for the development of a speech activity in the field of the native language will contribute to the transfer of knowledge and skills from the field of the native language to the field of foreign language and, thus, overcome the difficulties in mastering the ability to create a complete text in a foreign language, since the laws of construction of the text are similar in different languages. The continuity of knowledge between the links of the educational system in this aspect is an important condition for the effectiveness of mastering communicative competence, and its observance is the care of the compilers of programs and textbooks.

scholarly journals Composition of the word family with the root * svęt- in historical dictionaries of the Russian language

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 21002
Author(s):  
Iuliia Koreneva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Lexical Data ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Russian Dictionary ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the word family with the root -свят/свящ- based on historical dictionaries of the Russian language, the purpose of the study is to conduct a preliminary analysis of the presentation of the words of this family in different dictionaries of the Russian language, namely, historical and modern. The statistical approach to lexical data demonstrates that the data obtained from five historical dictionaries contain a large number of words that no longer function in the modern Russian language, compared to certain dictionaries of modern Russian. I.I. Sreznevsky's Dictionary includes 105 words; Dictionary of Old Russian Language (11th–14th centuries) has 73 words; Russian Dictionary XI-XVII Centuries involves 210 words; Dictionary of the Russian Academy includes 61 words; Dictionary of the Church Slavonic language of 1847 has 150 words; Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl involves 124 words. When comparing quantitative data in all the historical dictionaries, the largest group comprises lexemes with the secondary root -свящ-. Moreover, all the words of this word family are not only etymologically related, but have the same root, since they maintain unity in their seme content that allows to analyze the semantic density of the root. In addition, a homogeneous stylistic marking of words of the word family also confirms their affinity, as all the words of this word family are genetically related to Church Slavonic and belong to the religious sphere. Graphs of the use of the words святой, святость (saint, sanctity) and свящeнный (holy) based on the Russian National Corpus demonstrate a decrease in the frequency of these words since the middle of the 19th century, and a comparison of the list of words of this word family from each historical dictionary with the modern linguistic consciousness directly indicates a drastic reduction in quantitative content of this word family, that occurred due to extralinguistic (historical and ideological) reasons.

scholarly journals The Relationship Of The Methodological Support Of The Educational Process, The Level Of Preparedness Of Students And The Quality Of Teaching Staff In The Russian Language Based On Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 772-778
Author(s):  
Xodjaniyazova Aygul Ayitmuratovna Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Quality Of Teaching ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language

In this article, the author considers the educational process, in particular, teaching Russian language in schools, as well as the relationship of the methodological support of the educational process, the level of preparedness of students and the quality of teaching staff in the Russian language based on testing.

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