scholarly journals Applied knowledge in the humanities (based on the manuscript of N.I.Kareev “General methodology of the humanities”)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Evgeniya A. Dolgova ◽  
◽  
Alexey V. Malinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Applied Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The purpose of the article is to introduce a fragment of an unpublished monograph by sociologist and historian Nikolay I.Kareev titled “General methodology of the humanities” (1922). The book was published only in fragments and needs further updating in terms of its significance for the history of Russian sociology. In the publication of archival documents and accompanying annotations, a fragment of the final seventh chapter “Normative and Applied Knowledge in the Humanities” is analyzed. In this text, the scholar turned to the complex theoretical issues of defining the role, function and correlation of fundamental and applied sciences. The text analyzes N.I.Kareev’s classification — the division of scientific knowledge into theoretical, normative and applied. By carefully examining applied knowledge, he revealed it in two aspects — vulgar and pragmatic utilitarianism. Regarding the first, he concluded that the absolutization of the utilitarian point of view is dangerous for science itself, since it makes the development of science dependent on particular goals, including party interests, and subordinates science to the changing circumstances of the moment. On the other hand, theoretical knowledge can also have value as the most reliable basis for any practical discipline. The importance of applied knowledge is due to the fact that true (factual) knowledge about society can only be obtained by inductive means, i. e., in order to cognize social reality, applied sciences must precede theoretical ones. The meaning of applied knowledge is that it, unlike theoretical knowledge, is aimed at transforming nature or society.

Liberal Toryism in the Twentieth Century

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 177-201
Author(s):  
Michael Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Deep Structure ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Party Ideology ◽  
The Moment

DUST has scarcely had time to settle on Lady Thatcher; yet already a thick sediment of historical significance attaches to the fifteen years of her ascendancy. The period between 1975 and 1990 looks likely to prove as significant for the political ideologies of the twenty-first century as that between, say, 1885 and 1906 currently looks for our own. In the twilight world of John Major (who appears part-antidote, part-surrogate), Conservative ideology is becoming informed by reviews from both sides as they reflect on not only what went wrong but what it was that seemingly went so right, from a party point of view, for so long. We have just had placed before us, for example, John Campbell's admirable biography of Sir Edward Heath, on theone hand, and Alan Clark's transfixing diaries very much on the other. Such documents supplement amass of theorising and comment by political scientists and journalists, most of which dwells on the twin themes of discontinuity and dichotomy. The history of the Tory party is seen to enter a period of catastrophe by the end of the Heath government out of which there emerges a distinct party ideology which people call ‘Thatcherism’: a ‘New Conservatism’ radically distinct from the compromise and accommodation that marked politics after 1951. But that process was contested within the party—hence a dichotomy between two persuasions: the hawks and the doves, the dries and the wets, the Tories and the Conservatives, the true blues and the Liberals. Language of this kind has a particular interest to historians. They want to raise issues about its chronological deep-structure: how ‘new’ was this ‘New Conservatism’?. They recognise the need to situate the dichotomies of the moment in a wider context of Conservative experience: how singular is a doctrine of dichotomy within Conservative party doctrine? Above all they bring into question bald postulates about the nature of current Conservatism which do not compare experience across time

scholarly journals Old Ivanovskoe cemetery of Ufa: historical-archaeological research

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Al'bert Tagirovich Akhatov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The Revolution

The subject of this article is the Old Ivanovskoe cemetery that existed in the territory of Ufa. The goal consists in examination of the key stages in development of this necropolis since the moment was sketched in the city plan in 1819 until its complete destruction in the 1950s. Special attention is given to localization of this burial ground in Ufa town planning patter in accordance with the data of cartographic materials of the XIX – middle of the XX centuries, and history of its archaeological research conducted in 1990 and 2002. The novelty of this work consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of new archival documents, systematization of cartographic and published materials on the history of Old Ivanovskoe cemetery, as well as Ioanno-Predtechensky Cathedral that functioned on its territory. Analysis of the existing sources and literature allow concluding that the history of necropolis prior to the Revolution of 1917 was closely related to the development of spatial structure of Ufa, while after the Revolution – with the sociopolitical processes that unfolded throughout the country. Thanks to archaeological research, Old Ivanovskoye cemetery, even after its destruction, elaborates representations on the material and spiritual culture, anthropological and paleopathological characteristics of the Ufa population in the past. Therefore, the author raises the question on the need to publish the materials acquired during the excavations in full, and preserve necropolis as the object of archaeological heritage of the Late Middle Ages and Modern Age.

Language Contact and the Lexicon of Romance Languages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Thibault ◽  
Nicholas LoVecchio
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The Romance languages have been involved in many situations of language contact. While language contact is evident at all levels, the most visible effects on the system of the recipient language concern the lexicon. The relationship between language contact and the lexicon raises some theoretical issues that are not always adequately addressed, including in etymological lexicography. First is the very notion of what constitutes “language contact.” Contrary to a somewhat dated view, language contact does not necessarily imply physical presence, contemporaneity, and orality: as far as the lexicon is concerned, contact can happen over time and space, particularly through written media. Depending on the kind of extralinguistic circumstances at stake, language contact can be induced by diverse factors, leading to different forms of borrowing. The misleading terms borrowings or loans mask the reality that these are actually adapted imitations—whether formal, semantic, or both—of a foreign model. Likewise, the common Latin or Greek origins of a huge proportion of the Romance lexicon often obscure the real history of words. As these classical languages have contributed numerous technical and scientific terms, as well as a series of “roots,” words coined in one Romance language can easily be reproduced in any other. However, simply reducing a word’s etymology to the origin of its components (classic or otherwise), ignoring intermediate stages and possibly intermediating languages in the borrowing process, is a distortion of word history. To the extent that it is useful to refer to “internationalisms,” related words in different Romance languages merit careful, often arduous research in the process of identifying the actual origin of a given coining. From a methodological point of view, it is crucial to distinguish between the immediate lending language and the oldest stage that can be identified, with the former being more relevant in a rigorous approach to comparative historical lexicology. Concrete examples from Ibero-Romania, Gallo-Romania, Italo-Romania, and Balkan-Romania highlight the variety of different Romance loans and reflect the diverse historical factors particular to each linguistic community in which borrowing occurred.

‘One Can’t Help Shuddering at the Sight of the Ruin of This Thriving Town’: The Great Fire in Yeniseisk and Its Consequences. 1869-1870

2018 ◽  
pp. 483-494
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Gonina ◽  
◽  
Anna P. Dvoretskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

This archive draws on archival sources to study the Great Fire in Yeniseysk in 1869 and its consequences for development of this northern provincial town. The research derives its novelty from the first publication of documents of the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and that of the Irkutsk Region, which describe measures of fire response and name benefactors. Historical approach allows to place specific patterns of local community in the context of social history of the 20th century. Anthropological approach allows to identify means and modes of surviving in a natural disaster. The fire clamed about 200 lives, destroyed all wooden buildings in the town, and disrupted daily activities of more than 7 thousand Yeniseysk citizens. At present, such disasters are considered as more than just local disasters. From the religious point of view, such natural disasters disrupt the balance and harmony of the God's world and require worldwide effort to set it to rights. The case-study of the Yeniseysk community concludes that actions of a person within the fire storm were determined not just by self-preservation, but also by responsibility for the lives of those around them. People appealed to church for help. Many Yeniseysk priests rose to the occasion as their vocation demanded. The archival documents show how rapidly the nation responded to the disaster. The case-study of Yeniseysk in 1869-1871 demonstrates an array of measures aiming to attract external resources. The activities were based on Christian principles of communal spirit and charity, community help and civic cooperation in joined efforts of state and public institutions, private and corporate donors. The article concludes that effective moneyed assistance and social support significantly decreased the severity of losses.

scholarly journals La nouvelle histoire du droit

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380
Author(s):  
Jean-Guy Belley
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
English Law ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The collective book edited by G. Rubin and D. Sugarman, Law, Economy and Society, 1750-1914 : Essays in the History of English Law (1984) is well illustrative of the main trends of the new history of law that is now flourishing particularly in England and the United States. The twelve studies conducted by the contributors reveal the diversity of theoretical issues, subjects of inquiry, methodological strategies and sources of data that characterize the new history of law. In contrast with the more traditional and formal history of legal institutions, the entire book also expresses the critical stance the discipline is seeking to adopt, relying on sociology and other social sciences in order to apprehend law from an external rather than merely doctrinal point of view.

scholarly journals El Cançoner trobadoresc de Sant Joan de les Abadesses: estat de la qüestió, història arxivística i context de producció

Mot so razo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Joan Ferrer Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
National Library ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Musical Notation ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Village

<p>Abstract: In 1917, Josep Masdeu, the monastery archivist of Sant Joan de les Abadesses, identified four songs written down in some blank spaces of a paper-based notarial book of the village. In 1935, Higini Anglès, a musicologist of recognized prestige, made them public and since then, they comprise the songbook of Sant Joan de les Abadesses, the unique troubadour catalogue in Catalonia including both the text of the songs and their equivalent musical notation to be performed. From that moment on, the manuscript has been studied in many occasions from a linguistic and musical point of view. The manuscript, currently preserved at the National Library of Catalonia, includes some other text passages of legal topics which we analyse in depth because they delimit the exact chronological period of the song writings. Our study, therefore, has been focused on three main purposes. In the first place, we revise the contributions made so far regarding the description of the document. Next, we build up the archivistic history of the manuscript, from the moment it was discovered until it was deposited in the library mentioned above. Finally, we frame the overall context of the songbook production based on the extraliterary and extramusical texts.</p><p><br />Keywords: Troubadour songs, Medieval manuscripts, Medieval songbook, Sant Joan de les Abadesses Archive, Court books, Notarial -<br />History.</p>

scholarly journals Economic Development and Dependence Theory: The Approach of the Un Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Osmar Antonio Bonzanini ◽  
Tamara Silvana Menuzzi Diverio ◽  
Luiz Zuliani da Silva ◽  
Estevo Mateus Olesiak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this article is to present the vision of ECLAC - Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and its contribution to the reflections on economic development. Materials and methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study. The first part of the paper contemplates the emergence and evolution of ECLAC thinking during its more than sixty-five years of existence. The second deals with dependency theory, ending with the current thinking proposed by ECLAC. Results: It results in a brief analysis of the moment of the globalization of the economy as an exclusionary process in the history of capitalism, emphasizing the importance of the ECLAC thinking, reinvigorated nowadays. Conclusions: It is considered that the dependency theory has been the great contribution of ECLAC thinking, with the change of focus from a viewpoint only from the prism of the central countries, to an optic from the point of view of the peripheral countries.

scholarly journals THE INITIAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC ROWING IN THE KATERINOSLAV REGION IN THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND TRADITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Baldzhy Ilona ◽  
Dolbysheva Nina ◽  
Salenko Galina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Culture ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Further Development

At present, in the conditions of decentralization, considerable attention is paid to the study of historical experience and traditions of development of physical culture and sports movement in the regions of Ukraine. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature shows that such studies allow not only to expand theoretical knowledge of the history of physical culture and sports in Ukraine, but also to identify priority sports in the development of programs for the development of physical culture and sports. The aim is to study the historical experience of the development of academic rowing as a sport in the Katerinoslav region in the late XIX – early XX centuries and identifying the main factors that contributed to its further development. Material and methods. During the analysis the analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, historical-logical, chronological, descriptive methods on the basis of studying of periodical, local lore literature, archival documents, photographic materials and other sources were used.

scholarly journals 422 Atrioventricular blocks in children: clinical aspects and special features in a cohort of Italian patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Ridolfi ◽  
Gabriele Bronzetti ◽  
Andrea Donti ◽  
Marcello Lanari ◽  
Gaetano Domenico Gargiulo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Aims The natural history of atrioventricular blocks (AVBs) in children is not completely clarified, with particular regard for isolated, acquired, and non-immune disorders. Moreover, there is still concern on when—and not on if—a pacemaker (PM) implantation is indicated. In this retrospective study, we investigated diagnostic and therapeutic approach to AVBs in children and we described complications occurred in PM recipients. Methods and results We analysed 73 patients with a diagnosis of AVB who were submitted to a regular follow-up between 2015 and 2020 at the Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Unit of an Italian referral centre. Forty-four patients (60%) were diagnosed with a complete AVB and after a mean follow-up of 8.2 ± 6.8 years, 35 patients (79.5%) had received a permanent PM. AVB was asymptomatic in 52 children (71.2%) and a congenital heart disease was present in 13 cases (17.8%). Anti-SSA/B autoantibodies were detected in eight patients (11%) with complete block and their prognostic role was substantially redefined. The mean interval between diagnosis and implantation and the complication rate in PM recipients were similar to data available on literature, regardless of the age at diagnosis. Conclusions From a diagnostic point of view, we identified several differences between partial and complete AVBs. As regards the timing of pacing therapy, the moment of implantation should be accurately chosen but should not depend only on the age at diagnosis or the presence of maternal autoantibodies, since the incidence of device-related complications was independent from those features.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF FOREIGN PHILSOPHICAL RUSSIAN STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
GRIGORY L. GALUSTYANTS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
World History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spiritual Identity ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

This article is devoted to the presentation of the views of foreign philosophers on the problem of spiritual identity and national identity of Russia. The factors that influenced the formation of the worldview of thinkers, historical conditions, as well as identified theoretical, conceptual sources of authors, representatives of foreign philosophy are characterized. The concepts of spiritual identity and national identity of Russia in the works of foreign philosophers are analyzed.The works of the most famous contemporary foreign authors, who primarily develop socio-philosophical and philosophical-political aspects of the Russian national identity, are examined: Z. Brzezinski, R. Pipes, J. P. Scanlan, A. Toynbee, F. Fukuyama, S. Huntington.An analysis of the concepts of Western philosophical Russian studies shows that the key tendency of modern foreign doctrines about Russia is a fundamental refusal to reveal the moment of universality of the idea of Russia. The very need for philosophy, i.e. in the logic and dialectics of the history of Russia is considered not from the standpoint of the reasonable necessity of the concept, but from the point of view of the abstract rational randomness of the empirical phenomena of the historical existence of Russian society and state. The author comes to the conclusion that all the special concepts of the idea of Russia contain a dialectical contradiction and can remove it only in its own logical selfdenial. The latter should become the beginning of a reasonable and integral paradigm of the philosophical understanding of Russia in world history.

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