scholarly journals From “Sarskaya Road” to “Victory Avenue”. The Architectural Ensemble of Moskovsky Avenue in Saint Petersburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-682
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Lisovskii ◽  
◽  
Varvara S. Speranskaya ◽  
Vasilii S. Potapov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Order System ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Creative Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Architectural Characteristics ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article contains a brief overview of the history of the formation of the architectural ensemble of Moskovsky Avenue in Saint Petersburg — one of the major highways in the southern districts of the city. The role of regular urban planning techniques is noted in the process of organizing the main part of the modern highway, starting from Sennaya Square. The highway from the moment of its inception has served as part of a lengthy route important for the whole country, connecting Saint Petersburg with Moscow and Kiev. The process of gradual changes in the architectural characteristics of the avenue in the 19th century is traced, when the composition of the following sections of the highway was formed — from the Fontanka to the square at the Moscow Triumphal Gate. The historical and symbolical emphasis of the Gate is emphasized. The focus of the article is on the part of avenue that was created in the middle of the twentieth century in the neoclassical style of that time. The results of a large competition for the development of planning projects of the highway, conducted when the avenue was named after Joseph Stalin, are briefly reviewed. The authors analyze the spatial structure of the highway, the developed nature of which makes it possible to compare Moskovsky Avenue to Nevsky Avenue. It is shown that the very use of the patterns specific to the order system allowed for the creation of an ensemble, whose solemn character is consonant with the theme of victory in the war of 1941–1945. The authors evaluate the creative contribution of a number of Soviet architects and sculptors in the creation of the ensemble. The article also explores examples of the contemporary urban development of the neighboring city blocks and evaluates the level of their compatibility with the task of preserving the ensemble as an art monument of its time.

Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832-90) and the Creation of a Muslim Cosmopolitanism in the 19th century

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Spatial Connectivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temporal Moment ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe essay highlights the role of one individual, Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832-90), in writing the cultural and intellectual history of imperialisms. It brings his biography, journeys and intellectual forays together to show how he used the temporal moment of the mid 19th century ‘age of revolts’, and the spatial connectivity offered by British and Ottoman imperialisms and re-configured them to his own particular interests. Locating Siddiq Hasan in the connected histories of the British and Ottoman Empires, it views his in-house cosmopolitanism as a form of public conduct that was shaped by Islamic learning that cultivated urbane civility as Muslim universalist virtuous conduct. This was a form of cosmopolitanism enabled by imperial networks, informed by pre-colonial webs of interaction between India and West Asia, and deeply rooted in the scriptures.

Augustine: De Civitate Dei The City of God Books XI and XII

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Latin Text ◽  
City Of God ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City ◽  
The Universe

In books I–V of De Civitate Dei, St. Augustine rejects the claim that worship of the pagan gods had brought success in this life, and in books VI–X, the prospect of a happy afterlife. In books XI–XII, Augustine turns from attack to defence, for at this point he initiates his apology for the Christian faith. Books XI and XII document the initial phase of the rise of the two cities, the city of God and the city of this world, beginning with the Creation of the world and the human race. In Book XI, Augustine rejects the theories of Aristotle, Plato and the Epicureans on the creation of the universe and addresses the creation of angels, Satan, the role of the holy Trinity and the importance of numerology in the Genesis account. In Book XII, Augustine is chiefly concerned with refuting standard objections to the Christian tradition, returning to discussion of the Creation, including his calculation, based on the scriptures, that the world was created less than 6,000 years ago. This book is the only edition in English to provide not only a text but also a detailed commentary on one of the most influential documents in the history of western Christianity. It presents Latin text, with facing-page English translation, introduction, notes and commentary.

scholarly journals Creating the Belgrade waterfront identity through a prism of architecture and urban planning competitions

Spatium ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Petrovic-Balubdzic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

The architecture and urban planning competitions are a form of architectural activity that bring creative ideas important for parts of cities or territories, and they can precede the creation of future planning documentation. At the end of the 19th century and in the 20th century, the competitions were occasionally used for solving the most important problems in urban structure of cities. In this respect, Belgrade joined many important European cities. The great urban planning competitions influenced the urban planning solutions and the creation of the waterfront identity. This paper analyses three examples of great public urban planning competitions that were organized at the time of important turning point in the development of waterfronts of the rivers Sava and Danube. This research opens up the question of a specific role of competitions that marked the theoretical and practical problems of their time. Investigating the views of the city, authentic ambiences and recognizable images of the city, the participants provided numerous answers that have influenced the existing identity of the Belgrade waterfront area over time.

scholarly journals Rozwój dziewiętnastowiecznego Szczecina w Geschichte der Stadt Stettin Martina Wehrmanna

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 9-27
Author(s):  
Agata Łysakowska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Martin Wehrmann uważany jest za przedstawiciela najważniejszych historyków zajmujących się dziejami Pomorza Zachodniego. Był członkiem towarzystw regionalnych, w tym Towarzystwa Historii i Starożytności Pomorza oraz Pomorskiej Komisji Historycznej. Pozostawił po sobie wiele prac, w tym dwutomowe Geschichte von Pommern i Geschichte der Stadt Stettin. W drugim z wymienionych dzieł Wehrmann w trzech rozdziałach (Stettins Franzosenzeit, Stettin im 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Aufgebung der Festung, Die neueste Zeit seit 1873) opisał rozwój Szczecina w XIX w. Jest to charakterystyka o tyle interesująca, iż autor pisze o mieście sobie współczesnym, zwracając uwagę na procesy, które ukształtowały Szczecin jako miasto nowoczesne, takie jak: odbudowa miasta po okupacji francuskiej, działalność Korporacji Kupieckiej, funkcjonowanie portu i żeglugi, rozwój przemysłu i komunikacji, modernizację ulic, działalność i aktywność kulturalną konkretnych osób czy wreszcie: zniesienie twierdzy. W artykule wykorzystano definicje miasta nowoczesnego zaproponowane przez Krzysztofa K. Pawłowskiego, Marię Nietykszę oraz Bohdana Jałowieckiego. The development of 19th-century Szczecin in Geschichte der Stadt Stettin by Martin Wehrmann Martin Wehrmann is considered one of the most prominent experts on the history of Western Pomerania. He was a member of various regional societies, including the Society of Pomeranian History and Antiquity, and the Pomeranian Historic Committee. He is the author of many works, including the two-volume Geschichte von Pommern and Geschichte der Stadt Stettin. In three chapters of the latter work (Stettins Franzosenzeit, Stettin im 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Aufgebung der Festung, Die neueste Zeit seit 1873), Wehrmann described the development of Szczecin in the 19th century. This description is quite exceptional, as the author writes about the city as it was at the moment of writing, pointing to the processes which shaped Szczecin and made it a modern town, such as the reconstruction of the city following the French occupation, the activity of the Trade Corporation, the functioning of the port and maritime transport, the development of industry and transport, modernization of streets, the activity of specific people, including cultural activity, and the disassembly of the fortifications. The article used a definition of a modern town by Krzysztof K. Pawłowski, Maria Nietyksza, and Bohdan Jałowiecki.

scholarly journals Architectural and urban planning evolution of the industrial area near Moskovskaya Zastava in Saint Petersburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Maria Granstrem ◽  
Milena Zolotareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Building Plant

This paper discusses the urban planning history of an area in Saint Petersburg around the former Moskovskaya Zastava, a historical gateway that travelers passed through when approaching Saint Petersburg from Moscow. Specifically, we are interested in the architecture of the carriage building plant. By the end of the 19th century, this part of the city had turned into an industrial area, which saw dense development from 1897 to 1917. For the next one hundred years, this vast space did not see any transformations, constituting a complete, self-sufficient environment. The carriage building plant, originally constructed at the very end of the 19th century, remained standing near Moskovskaya Zastava until the early 21st century. In 2013, the industrial area ceased its existence, and the former carriage building plant was given for residential development.

scholarly journals Merchant Libraries in the Cultural Heritage of Irkutsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-528
Author(s):  
Vadim Shakherov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
State University ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article considers the role of merchant libraries in the history of the city. The reviewed books open a new publishing series of the scientific library of Irkutsk University, dedicated to merchant libraries of Irkutsk. Its publications provide an opportunity to get familiar with the old book collections of Irkutsk residents, know more about the interest in books and reading in our city as well as the history of private libraries. The first book in the series, published in 2019, was dedicated to the book collection of the largest Irkutsk merchant, the philanthropist and bibliophile V.N. Basnin, whose estate was one of the largest cultural salons in Irkutsk in the first half of the 19th century. The book under review contains the most complete catalog of Basnin’s library, which he had been collecting for more than 40 years. It should be noted that he was not only a reader, but also quite a professional bibliographer, ordered by mail novelty books, making their systematization and description. The second book in the series is dedicated to other merchant libraries. Its compilers have done a lot of research work to find these publications, systematize them and identify their owners. The catalog presented by the Irkutsk State University library most fully reflects the merchants’ interest in printed publications. It includes 969 book titles, reflecting 1 194 editions with exlibrises, autographs and notes of their owners. Despite the purely bibliographic nature of the peer-reviewed publications, which are considered in the research, they are of interest to different groups of people. The author notes the importance of the books not only to library workers, but also to all the readers who are not indifferent to the history of cultural life in Irkutsk, as well as to the role of books and home libraries in personality development and formation of human abilities.

scholarly journals History of Jakarta's Chinatown: The Role of the City Gate as a Transition Area and a Starting Point in the Spatial Transformation from the First Chinatown to the Renewal Phase | Sejarah Pecinan Jakarta: Peran Pintu Gerbang Kota Sebagai Area Transisi dan Titik Awal dalam Transformasi Spasial Pecinan Pertama ke Fase Pembaharuan

SPAFA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freta Oktarina ◽  
Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
City Center ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

In the history of Jakarta, Chinatown played a significant role to the formation of the city. The Chinatown area accompanied Jakarta along its journey and has been around since the city was still known as Batavia. The Chinese were among the actors who played a major role in the formation of urban space when Batavia began to develop. After four centuries, Jakarta’s Chinatown, which is now known as the Glodok area, continues to exist and is a bustling commercial area. The research conducted tries to dig further into the existence of Jakarta’s Chinatown to reveal what lies behind its current formation. The Chinatown that can be found at this time is the second phase of the Jakarta Chinatown. At the beginning of Batavia, the Chinatown area was part of the city center. In 1740 there was a massacre that killed almost the entire Chinese population in Batavia. After the massacre, the Chinese no longer lived in the city center but filled the area outside the city walls. Through the study of archives and documents, the research tries to trace Jakarta’s Chinatown from the 17th to the 19th century to examine the spatial transformation that occurred when the first Chinatown was destroyed and a new Chinatown area grew. This research is a study of architectural history to better identify the formation of hidden layers in urban space. The findings show that there is an important role of the city gate or Pintoe Ketjil as a transition area and a starting point for the renewal phase of Chinatown. The market that develops from people's houses is a characteristic that enlivens the area. Glodok was originally the final boundary for the area before the relocation of the city center turned Glodok into the gateway for the new Chinatown.   Pecinan memiliki peran yang signifikan di dalam sejarah terbentuknya kota Jakarta. Kawasan Pecinan telah mengiringi Jakarta di sepanjang usia perjalanannya dan hadir sejak kota berdiri saat masih bernama Batavia. Penduduk Cina adalah di antara aktor-aktor yang berperan besar dalam pembentukan ruang kota pada saat Batavia mulai dikembangkan. Setelah empat abad berjalan, daerah Pecinan di Jakarta yang kini dikenal sebagai kawasan Glodok masih terus hadir dan merupakan kawasan perniagaan yang ramai. Penelitian yang dilakukan mencoba menggali lebih jauh keberadaan kawasan Pecinan Jakarta untuk mengungkapkan apa yang berlangsung di balik terbentuknya Pecinan saat ini. Pecinan yang dapat ditemui kini adalah fase kedua dari Pecinan Jakarta. Pada awal Batavia berdiri, kawasan Pecinan merupakan permukiman penduduk Cina berada di pusat kota. Hingga di tahun 1740 terjadi pembantaian yang menghabisi hampir seluruh penduduk Cina di Batavia. Pasca pembantaian penduduk Cina tidak lagi tinggal di pusat kota melainkan memenuhi area di luar dinding kota. Melalui kajian arsip dan dokumen, penelitian mencoba menelusuri kondisi Pecinan Jakarta di abad ke-17 hingga akhir abad ke-19 untuk menelaah transformasi ruang yang berlangsung pada saat Pecinan pertama musnah dan tumbuhnya kawasan Pecinan baru. Penelitian ini merupakan studi sejarah arsitektur untuk lebih mengenali formasi dari lapisan-lapisan tersembunyi di dalam ruang kota. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peranan penting wilayah pintu gerbang kota atau Pintoe Ketjil sebagai area transisi dan titik awal tumbuhnya Pecinan fase kedua. Pasar yang berkembang dari rumah-rumah penduduk adalah ciri khas yang menghidupkan kawasan. Glodok pada awalnya adalah batas akhir kawasan Pecinan, sebelum kemudian terjadinya perpindahan pusat kota mengubah Glodok menjadi pintu gerbang Pecinan baru.

Overcoming Obstacles

2017 ◽  
pp. 412-433
Author(s):  
Emília Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Public Art ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

After several failures in the artistic education in Portugal, throughout the 18th century, the 19th century was still to bring a few setbacks. Social and political upheavals marked the first years of the century, with the invasions of Napoleonic armies and the civil war. In this chapter I will tell the history of the birth of the first public art museum, created in Porto in 1833. The meeting of the future king D. Pedro IV and the artist Baptista Ribeiro was about to make history. Indeed, when Baptista Ribeiro delivered the prince a report on the need to create a public art museum in the city, the prince couldn't be happier. He then invited Baptista Ribeiro to organize it, giving all his support to the creation of the first public art museum in the nation. It would, in fact, take more than a 100 years to match the dream of its first director. But in the meantime, it surely achieved more than he could expect.

Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III as a place of memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11-1) ◽  
pp. 132-147
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Historical Representations

The main purpose of this article is to study the role of the Russian Museum in the formation of the historical consciousness of Russian society. In this context, the author examines the history of the creation of the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III and its pre-revolutionary collections that became the basis of this famous museum collection (in particular, the composition of the museum’s expositions for 1898 and 1915). Within the framework of the methodology proposed by the author, the works of art presented in the museum’s halls were selected and distributed according to the historical eras that they reflect, and a comparative analysis of changes in the composition of the expositions was also carried out. This approach made it possible to identify the most frequently encountered historical heroes, to consider the representation of their images in the museum’s expositions, and also to provide a systemic reconstruction of historical representations broadcast in its halls.

Case Study: Rome's House of Memory and History: The Politics of Memory and Public Institutions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Portelli
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ambitious Program ◽  
The City

This article centers around the case study of Rome's House of Memory and History to understand the politics of memory and public institutions. This case study is about the organization and politics of public memory: the House of Memory and History, established by the city of Rome in 2006, in the framework of an ambitious program of cultural policy. It summarizes the history of the House's conception and founding, describes its activities and the role of oral history in them, and discusses some of the problems it faces. The idea of a House of Memory and History grew in this cultural and political context. This article traces several political events that led to the culmination of the politics of memory and its effect on public institutions. It says that the House of Memory and History can be considered a success. A discussion on a cultural future winds up this article.

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