scholarly journals Hegel as an atheist and intuitivist in the interpretations of Alexandre Kozhève and Nikolay Lossky

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Korolkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Karl Jaspers ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Religious Evolution

The Russian exiled philosophers Alexander Kozhevnikov (Alexandre Kozhève) and Nikolay Lossky, who had to leave Russia in the 1920s, gave paradoxical interpretations of Hegel’s work: Kozhève treated Hegel as an atheist whereas Lossky interpreted him as an intuitivist. Both philosophers have influenced the development of Western European philosophy and contemporary understanding of Hegel’s texts. The history of Russian philosophy would be poorer if we forget that Kozhevnikov acquired recognition as a French philosopher Kozhève only at a mature age. A strong influence on Kozhève’s treatment of Christianity was exerted by Vladimir Soloviev’s philosophy, to which he devoted his first dissertation under the guidance of Karl Jaspers. His attention to the Christian understanding of love as an endless power over the finite manifestations of spirit, which was expounded upon/revealed in his course of lectures on Hegel, enjoyed great popularity in France and influenced the formation of eminent philosophers. Hegel’s atheism in Kozhève’s interpretation is not a denial of religion, since religion and philosophy have common interests applied to eternal themes; they differ only in methods of the cognition of the Absolute. The logic of the anthropological interpretation of Hegel led Kozhève to the rationalization of religion by elevating philosophy over it. Hegel’s atheistic anthropology turned his study into a summary of religious evolution, with theology eventually ousted by anthropology. Nikolay Lossky, who had written a book on intuitivism before the revolution, in his creative work abroad extended his notion of intuitivism by calling Hegel an extreme intuitivist. He based this conclusion on Hegel’s upholding of the principle of the identity of thinking and being, that is following the logic of an object in cognition. The possibility to eliminate the contradiction between knowledge and being, about which Hegel wrote, is interpreted by Lossky as intuitivism and even empiricism.

scholarly journals Soteriological problematic of personality in the Russian religious tradition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sergei Vladimirovich Pugin
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Spiritual Community ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Russian Religious Thought

The subject of this research is the problem of personality in the context of Russian religious thought. The study of such phenomenon as personality, which resembles a person’s unique individuality has been actively pursued in Western European philosophy. However, the history of Russian philosophy indicates other storylines related to personality that take roots in the religious tradition of Orthodoxy. One of the fundamental grounds is the Trinitarian problematic in perception of the doctrine on personality by the Russian philosophers. Application of historical-philosophical material allows comparing the reflection of the phenomenon of personality in Western European and Russian thought. Works of the modern authors on the topic are also attracted. In the course of studying the phenomenon of personality in Russian culture, the author formulate the following conclusions: the original concept of personality, which emerged in the pre-Peter tradition, was not only an intrinsic part of folk culture, but also played an important role as an anthropological marker of “friend and alien” on the level of behavioral or ethical practice. The personal marker is a holy, although such role model is an unachievable goal of self-impersonation. The essence of such devotion is revealed only through personal faith inherent to a group of people who share similar views and affiliate themselves with Orthodox Christians. Impersonation of a holy as a spiritualized person becomes a significant ethical and pedagogical dominant, and personality of a human is understood in relation to the personality of God, which manifests as spiritual marker for each person and simultaneously goal the purpose of earthly life. Namely through this, the phenomenon of Sobornost (Spiritual community of many jointly living people) obtains its transcendent meaning.

scholarly journals Russian Neo-Kantianism: Experiments (self)definitions and modern perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Vladimir Belov
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Transcendental Philosophy ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kantian Philosophy ◽  
Modern Perspective

One of the most important tasks in each philosophical tradition is to determine the methodological foundations and the target reason for research practice. Russian Russian neo-Kantianism raises several fundamental questions, including the criteria for distinguishing individual systems and the possibility of their integral reconstruction, the identification of the independence of Russian philosophers in overcoming the key contradictions of transcendental idealism, as well as discussions regarding the contribution of Russian neo-Kantians to the history of the development of Russian and European philosophy. No less significant is the problem of uniting Russian neo-Kantianism in the context of the general tradition of neo-Kantianism in its development to the latest trends. The prospect of turning to the heritage of Russian philosophers is largely determined by the design of post-Kantianism and post-Neo-Kantianism. In the works of A.I. Vvedensky, and then B.A. Focht, V.E. Seseman, S.L. Rubinstein, and many others, the transition from German classical idealism in the prism of the specifics of Russian philosophy to the formation of a new understanding of transcendental philosophy and its tasks was marked. In many ways, the proposed solutions were distinguished by originality and obvious independence, but at the same time they were implicitly within the boundaries of the tradition of German neo-Kantian philosophy set by I. Kant. Comparing the latest prospects for the development of neo-Kantian methodology, it can be assumed, not without reason, that Russian neo-Kantianism has largely anticipated the latest trends. Russian neo-Kantians need to reveal the unity of the entire tradition for an objective assessment and subsequent actualization of the heritage of the Russian Neo-Kantians, accompanying this process with a historical and philosophical reconstruction of individual systems of philosophy, but also identifying those perspectives for philosophy that were designated by Russian thinkers. Russian neo-Kantians' problem field of self-determination within the framework of the history of Russian and European philosophy is proposed in the content of the article. Special attention is focused on the unity of methodological tasks and the target reason for the research practices of thinkers who at different stages of their development contributed to the formation of the phenomenon of Russian neo-Kantianism.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn on the Indissoluble Connection of Russian Patriotism and Anti-Sovetism. The Main Ideas of «The Gulag Archipelago»

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 221-244
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Tsipko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The People ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Gulag Archipelago

In the article the author analyzes the main notional lines in the work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn through the prism of Russian philosophy legacy. According to the author the analysis of the nature, motives and lie in the works of the writer are related to the respective works of F.M. Dostoevsky, K.N. Leontiev and other Russian thinkers. «All Communist content is turned into nonsense by the Russian life», and «all its nonsense is severe due to the intolerable truth of the suffering…», – this statement of F.A. Stepun is well pertinent to the creative work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn that shows vivid examples of barbaric cruelty of the authorities towards the people. Still, according to the author of the article, the reasons for such cruelty were reflected even earlier, in the works of Russian philosophers of the 19th century.

Commentary

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Nicholls ◽  
Michael Pushkin ◽  
Vladimir Ashkenazy
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Russian Symbolism ◽  
P Sources

Sources of the thinking are given, preceded by an investigation of the relation between philosophy and music, an account of the idiosyncratic way Skryabin studied, an interview between Skryabin and a philosopher of the period and a memoir by a student and patron summarizing the thought. The titles of the sections show the sources and influences: Ernest Renan, Greek philosophy, German idealism, Russian philosophy, and Russian symbolism, Conference at Geneva (this was a philosophical conference of which Skryabin studied some of the material), the influence of theosophy, and Indian culture. These influences were combined by Skryabin, not into a system but into a world view which vitally affected his creative work.(114)

Empiricisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Allen
Keyword(s):  
John Dewey ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
William James ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
Experimental Practice ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
History Of

Empiricisms reassesses the values of experience and experiment in European philosophy and comparatively. It traces the history of empirical philosophy from its birth in Greek medicine to its emergence as a philosophy of modern science. A richly detailed account in Part I of history’s empiricisms establishes a context in Part II for reconsidering the work of the so-called radical empiricists—William James, Henri Bergson, John Dewey, and Gilles Deleuze, each treated in a dedicated chapter. What is “radical” about their work is to return empiricism from epistemology to the ontology and natural philosophy where it began. Empiricisms also sets empirical philosophy in conversation with Chinese tradition, considering technological, scientific, medical, and alchemical sources, as well as selected Confucian, Daoist, and Mohist classics. The work shows how philosophical reflection on experience and a profound experimental practice coexist in traditional China with no interaction or even awareness of each other. Empiricism is more multi-textured than philosophers tend to assume when we explain it to ourselves and to students. One purpose of Empiricisms is to recover the neglected context. A complementary purpose is to elucidate the value of experience and arrive at some idea of what is living and dead in philosophical empiricism.

Bakhtin and Shpet – Inheritance and Transcendence

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Jingyu Xiao ◽  
Ruofan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
History Of

AbstractIn the history of Russian philosophy of language, Bakhtin and Shpet are two very important figures. As scholars having reached the peak of academic humanities, they both scored great achievements in many fields. The contributions they made to semiotics have a direct impact on the semiotic view of the Moscow-Tartu School and other scholars who later represented the highest achievements of Russian semiotics. It was many years earlier than Bakhtin that Shpet put forward views similar to those of Bakhtin. But Bakhtin surpassed Shpet and extended semiotics to a broader humanistic space.

A History of Russian Philosophy

Books Abroad ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
M. Raeff ◽  
V. V. Zenkovsky ◽  
George L. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
History Of

A History of Russian Philosophy. 2 Vols.

1954 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
John Somerville ◽  
V. V. Zenkovsky ◽  
George L. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
History Of

“Russian” Spengler and the Destiny of World History in Russian Philosophy in the Beginning of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
Alexandra I. Vakulinskaya
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
In The Beginning

This article deals with the history of Russian philosophers ‘acquaintance with the ideas of O. Spengler, set forth in his work “The Decline of the West”. The authors point out that the initial orientation of Russian thought towards Historiosophy, problems of history and ontology became the key factor of Spengler’s popularity in Russia. The article considers and analyzes critical and methodological approaches to the theory of cultural and historical types by O. Spengler and N. Ya. Danilevsky within the framework of Russian philosophical thought. The authors pay attention to the ideological influence of the United States as the country which adheres to the ideas of the Enlightenment, as well as to German thinkers, who visited this country in the early twentieth century. It is concluded that the global scenario of the human civilization development, that used to be the mainstream of its formation before the events of the beginning of this year, is unsuitable and untenable. The authors insist on the important role of the theory of cultural and historical types supported and developed by Russian emigration representatives, and focus on the importance of the religious factor in the process of cultural revival.

The Crisis of Contemporary Culture: A View from the History of Russian Philosophy: (Fedotov – Weidle – Landau – Bicilli) Materials of the “round table”

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-212
Author(s):  
Boris I. Pruzhinin ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr V. Antoshchenko ◽  
Tanya N. Galcheva ◽  
Inna V. Golubovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Organism ◽  
As If

On August 26, 2021, with the support of “Voprosy filosofii” was held a “round table”, the participants of which considered it meaningful and relevant to address the legacy of experiencing and philosophical reflection of critical epochs by peo­ple who have fully endured the “breakdown” of being and an anthropological crisis – for comprehending the disturbing changes taking place in modern soci­ety. In this regard, the intellectual biographies of thinkers who felt a colossal shock in the 1920s and who tried to comprehend their local experience as a global are exceptional. In the authors’ focus are ideas and arguments of the philosophers of the Russian Abroad about the crisis of their contemporary culture (Fedotov – Weidle – Landau – Bicilli). The “round table” is an attempt to correlate their experience with the modern reality of the anthropological crisis. The studying intellectuals underlined the death of culture as the main threat to the life of the social organism. The salvation of culture, first of all, depends on the spiritual efforts of people. From this point of view, philosophy has to com­prehend the principles that make it possible to resist the processes of cultural de­struction. And in this regard, the personality of the philosopher is of exceptional importance, his willingness to live and work “as if history would never end, and at the same time, as if it ended today” (G.P. Fedotov). The philosophy of culture forms the ideal of personal choice as a free submission to universal human goals. The relevance of the intellectual and spiritual search of the “Russian Abroad” thinkers can't be overestimated since this crisis continues today, entering ever new, previously unpredictable phases. The struggle for culture continues. There­fore, the intellectual searches of the "Russian Abroad" thinkers are essential to­day. The core of the discussions was three actual topics in the context of their comprehension by the philosophers: 1. The crisis of religious consciousness; 2. The crisis of scientific rationality; 3. Crisis of cultural identity.

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