scholarly journals Epidemiologia nowotworu płuc w Polsce

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Paulina Irena Szlitkus
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial

The article deals with the problem of lung and pleural cancer. In order to understand the subject properly, it is important to start with how important the lungs are - they are a part of the system through which we can breathe. Unfortunately, the majority of lung tumors are malignant and are caused by mutations of respiratory epithelial cells. There are many factors that contribute to lung cancer. The most known and influential factor is smoking. In the European Union countries, one in five lung cancers is caused by smoking. Lung cancer is very specific because it can develop for a very long time without giving any symptoms and it's usually diagnosed at a late stage of the disease's advancement. The lack of early symptoms is the reason why screening for lung cancer is not carried out even though it is one of the most common tumors.Only epidemiological studies allow to broaden the scope of knowledge about cancers. It is thanks to them that many factors can be distinguished and understood as to which are responsible for the formation of all kinds of tumors. The incidence of lung cancer in Poland is very high, especially among men. Duration of survival after diagnosis of lung cancer varies according to gender. However, survival ratehas in creased in recent years.

An Automated Computer System Based on Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Systems for Lung Cancer Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abir Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Rule System

AbstractAn automated system for the diagnosis of lung cancer is proposed in this paper, the system is designed by combining two major methodologies, namely the fuzzy base systems and the evolutionary genetic algorithms (GAs), to be employed on lung cancer data to assist physicians in the early detection of lung cancers, and hence obtain an early automated diagnosis complementary to that by physicians. Our hybrid algorithm, the genetic-fuzzy algorithm, has produced optimized diagnosis systems that attain high classification performance, in fact, our best six rule system obtained a 97.5 % accuracy, with simple and well interpretive rules, with 93 % degree of confidence, and without the need for dimensionality reduction. The results on real data indicate that the proposed system is very effective in the diagnosis of lung cancer and can be used for clinical applications.

NORMATIVE AND MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ENTERING EURO CURRENCY IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-527
Author(s):  
Sylwia Gwoździewicz ◽  
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Currency ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polish Economy

The discussion on various aspects of Poland's adoption of the single European currency has been going on for a long time. Economists present various, fundamentally different views on the subject. Hence the need for in-depth analysis and development of the best solutions for Poland. Most economists agree that adopting the Euro currency in Poland will be another particularly important development stimulus for the Polish economy. On the other hand, wages paid in Euro and prices of products and services expressed in Euro may generate a rise in prices and inflation in the initial period of introducing the Euro currency in Poland. There is a widespread opinion that Poland will be fully prepared to adopt the euro currency when the level of these incomes in Poland reaches the average level in the European Union. In addition to the incomes of citizens, the productivity, innovation, productive, capital and financial potential of the Polish economy are also important in this respect.

scholarly journals Combination Assessment of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and T2-Weighted Imaging Is Acceptable for the Differential Diagnosis of Lung Cancer from Benign Pulmonary Nodules and Masses

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Katsuo Usuda ◽  
Masahito Ishikawa ◽  
Shun Iwai ◽  
Yoshihito Iijima ◽  
Nozomu Motono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the combination assessment of DWI and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) improves the diagnostic ability for differential diagnosis of lung cancer from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (BPNMs). The optimal cut-off value (OCV) for differential diagnosis was set at 1.470 × 10−3 mm2/s for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and at 2.45 for T2 contrast ratio (T2 CR). The ADC (1.24 ± 0.29 × 10−3 mm2/s) of lung cancer was significantly lower than that (1.69 ± 0.58 × 10−3 mm2/s) of BPNM. The T2 CR (2.01 ± 0.52) of lung cancer was significantly lower than that (2.74 ± 1.02) of BPNM. As using the OCV for ADC, the sensitivity was 83.9% (220/262), the specificity 63.4% (33/52), and the accuracy 80.6% (253/314). As using the OCV for T2 CR, the sensitivity was 89.7% (235/262), the specificity 61.5% (32/52), and the accuracy 85.0% (267/314). In 212 PNMs which were judged to be malignant by both DWI and T2WI, 203 PNMs (95.8%) were lung cancers. In 33 PNMs which were judged to be benign by both DWI and T2WI, 23 PNMs (69.7%) were BPNMs. The combined assessment of DWI and T2WI could judge PNMs more precisely and would be acceptable for differential diagnosis of PNMs.

scholarly journals Ewolucja węgierskiego modelu zarządzania sądownictwem i samorządu sędziowskiego na Węgrzech w latach 1989–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Radosław Grabowski ◽  
Ivan Halász
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
New System

THE EVOLUTION OF THE HUNGARIAN MODEL OF JUDICIAL MANAGEMENT AND JUDICIAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN HUNGARY IN THE YEARS 1989–2019The Hungarian constitutional system after 1989 was initially subject to evolutionary changes. The previously binding constitution was only amended, although in most countries of the region the new constitutions created new system concepts. This also concerned the organisation of the judiciary, which in Hungary for a long time remained under the influence of the doctrine formed in the time of the socialist state. Significant corrections in this respect did not take place until 1997, but the solutions and institutions created at that time — including judicial self-government — survived for only slightly more than a decade. The political parties that came to power in 2010 adopted a new Basic Law and made far-reaching transformations in the field of symbolism, constitutional principles and the system of constitutional organs. Both the scope of the changes and the way they were carried out provoked resistance from various environments, including judges, whose influence on the organisation of the judiciary and its functioning was significantly reduced. The dispute that occurred was the subject of debate throughout Europe, and the institutions of the Council of Europe and the European Union were involved in resolving it.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer in Nepal - Histological Typing And Its Relations With Smoking

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
H G Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Heavy Smoker ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Long Time

Out of 51 bronchoscopy biopsy, thirty (60%) were of lung cancer which made 5.3% of the whole malignant tumours, i.e. 562 cancers in different sites in 26 months study in the Department of Pathology, TUTH. Squamous cell carcinoma (22 cases or 73.3%) was the commonest followed by Oat cell carcinoma (5 cases or 16.7%). Lung cancer was found more in the old age group, that is 23 cases (7.7%) in over 50 yrs old, 6 cases (20%) in 40-50 yrs group and only one case (3%) in 25 yrs male. The average age for the lung cancer in this study is 58.2 yrs. Lung cancer is more common in male than in female (5:1). All nine patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in whom the history of smoking habit was taken, were heavy smoker for a long time (more than 15 yrs) & 89 (8 out of 9 pts) have Squamous cell carcinoma. In 17 cases of lung cancers 12 (70%) were founf in right lung and 5 ( 30%) in the left lung.

scholarly journals Role of CT in differentiation between subtypes of lung cancer; is it possible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Said Gharraf ◽  
Sayed Mohamed Mehana ◽  
Mostafa Ali ElNagar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Bronchial Carcinoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Abstract Background Context and purpose: lung cancer is the second in the incidence rate and the first in death rate in the United States of America in 2017. Its treatment depends upon the tumor staging as well as the histological subtype of lung cancer. CT has been the modality of choice for screening as well as diagnosis of lung cancer; however, few studies tried to correlate different CT features of lung cancer to certain pathological subtypes. Our study aims to assess the CT characteristics of the subtypes of bronchogenic carcinoma. Results SQCC shows a higher incidence of central location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 50%, p value of 0.5), internal cavitations (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05) as well as more frequency of higher stage within the study population, ADC shows significant predilection to peripheral location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05). Conclusion There is an evident correlation between the MDCT diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma and that of histopathology/cytology. The most common types are SQCC and ADC subtypes. The SQCC type of bronchial carcinoma tends to be central with the internal cavitations are common while ADC tends to be peripheral and solid.

scholarly journals Ancillary Testing in Lung Cancer Diagnosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Dubinski ◽  
Natasha B. Leighl ◽  
Ming-Sound Tsao ◽  
David M. Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Predictive Information ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Pathologic Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

The pathologic diagnosis of lung cancer historically has relied primarily on morphologic features of tumors in histologic sections. With the emergence of new targeted therapies, the pathologist is called upon increasingly to provide not only accurate typing of lung cancers, but also to provide prognostic and predictive information, based on a growing number of ancillary tests, that may have significant impact on patient management. This review provides an overview of ancillary tests currently used in the pathologic diagnosis of lung cancer, with a focus on immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics.

scholarly journals Our Experience With Photodynamic Diagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy for Lung Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (Suppl_2) ◽  
pp. S-3-S-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harubumi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lung Tumors ◽  
Photodynamic Diagnosis ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Fiberoptic Bronchoscope ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

The diagnosis of lung cancer was significantly enhanced by the development of the fiberoptic bronchoscope in 1965. Since then, advances in photosensitizers and light sources have brought photodynamic medicine into the light. This article offers an historic overview of the emergence of photodynamic medicine through the perspective of a pioneer with more than 30 years’ experience. Along with a discussion of photodynamic diagnosis of lung cancers via optical coherence tomography, the curative, palliative, and neoadjuvant roles of photodynamic therapy for early and advanced lung cancers are explored. An emerging strategy of using PDM to treat peripheral early-stage lung tumors is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Spike protein amino acid variants increased miRNA binding and hence reduced virulence of SARS-CoV-2 in Jordan, Middle East

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Haddad ◽  
Ramzi Foudeh ◽  
Walid Al-Zyoud
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Mirna Sequence ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Rna Translation ◽  
Rna Interaction ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial ◽  
Viral Genomic Rna

Abstract Initial epidemiological studies inform the central COVID-19 disease prophet. Some papers have been studying miRNA and viral RNA interaction target predictions over the past few years. In this work, via the miRDB database, we determined the target scores of predicted miRNA to bind with the ss-RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in general and spike gene in specific. Our predicted miRNA targets of the ss-RNA of SARS-CoV-2 might destabilize and hence inhibit the ss-RNA translation of SARS-CoV-2 and prevent viral replication that has been established by more than 80% of asymptomatic infected cases in Jordan due to host miRNA interactions. In respiratory epithelial cells, the high scoring miRNAs prediction covers the RNA from 5' to 3' that explain successful antiviral defenses against ss-RNA of SARS-CoV-2 and lead to new nucleotide deletion mechanisms. The exciting finding here that the substitution 1841A>G at the viral genomic RNA level or the D614G at spike protein level showed a change in the predicted miRNA sequence and an increase in the target score (from 91 to 92) (hsa-miR-4793-5p to hsa-miR-3620-3p).

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