Social Stratification and the Agricultural Labourers: Evidence from Village Labour Market in Maharashtra

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Jayanti Kajale
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

New forms of intra-European migration, labour market dynamics and social inequality in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Verwiebe ◽  
Laura Wiesböck ◽  
Roland Teitzer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Migration

This article deals mainly with new forms of Intra-European migration, processes of integration and inequality, and the dynamics of emerging transnational labour markets in Europe. We discuss these issues against the background of fundamental changes which have been taking place on the European continent over the past two decades. Drawing on available comparative European data, we examine, in a first step, whether the changes in intra-European migration patterns have been accompanied by a differentiation of the causes of migration. In a second step, we discuss the extent to which new forms of transnational labour markets have been emerging within Europe and their effects on systems of social stratification.

Micro-Firms and the Margins of Entrepreneurship

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Bögenhold ◽  
Uwe Fachinger
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Experimental Market ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The One

This paper deals with the margins of entrepreneurship at which small business owners are working almost on their own with no or very few employees, and where some work for low returns and run firms that lack stability and/or prosperous dynamics. However, even the area of ‘entrepreneurship at the margins’ is a wide field, embracing not only the broad margins of entrepreneurship but also the fluid borders between entrepreneurship and the informal sector on the one side and the labour market system on the other. New firms – even those that are ultimately very successful – may be more or less created in an experimental market and product testing phase, in which business founders are still employed or registered as unemployed before becoming self-employed. In such cases, the practical starting-point of an entrepreneurial existence is part of a fluent continuum of different activities closely connected to the entrepreneur's sphere of dependent work as an employee or job-seeking during a period of unemployment. The paper addresses this area of entrepreneurship within an integrated framework, which combines entrepreneurship analysis with labour market research and studies on social stratification and social mobility. It contributes to the debate on entrepreneurship at the margins by combining selected empirical information on the case of Germany with conceptual ideas of a labour market perspective. The integrated approach highlights some key issues and raises further questions about the field of entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NORTH MACEDONIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Nikoloski
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poverty Status

Poverty and social exclusion are often associated with unemployment, but being employed is not always sufficient to provide decent living conditions for workers and their families. The ‘low-wage’ workers similarly as unemployed are often associated with an image of men and women struggling to support their families and living at risk of poverty and social exclusion. Dealing with the social stratification engendered from the employment status of workers in the post-transition countries represents a challenging task for the academics and policymakers. The aim of the paper is to assess the determinants of poverty in North Macedonia from the point of view of employment status, particularly the differences between low-paid and unemployed workers. We assess the factors affecting the probability of at-risk-of poverty status by estimating a logit model on cross-section data separately for employed and unemployed persons in 2015. The analysis draws from an examination of micro data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) whose main scope is to enable the compilation of statistics on income distribution, as well as indicators of monetary poverty. Besides other personal and household characteristics, being low-paid appears as the most important factor for at-risk-of poverty status among employed persons, while the low work intensity is the most responsible factor for at-risk-of poverty status among unemployed persons. In addition, our analysis reveals that the social transfers do not satisfactorily cover these categories, which assumes that we need a much broader arsenal of respective policy measures aiming to reduce poverty among the vulnerable labour market segments. The proposed policy recommendations cover the following areas: education and training, active labour market policies, unionisation and collective bargaining, wage subsidies and taxation and statutory minimum wage.

scholarly journals Study of current trends in the labour market: changes caused by digital technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
S.N. Suieubayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Key Aspects

Object: To study the current state and priorities of the labour market in the digital economy and the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The theoretical basis of the research is the work of domestic and foreign economists on the problems of the digitization of the labour market and the legislative and regulatory acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Data from the Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the results of the authors' research have been compiled as an information base for the study. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach, abstract-logical, economical-statistical, monographic methods of studying economic processes. Findings: This article contains the results of an analysis of the labour market development of the Republic of Kazakhstan in comparison with foreign countries. Employment in the digital economy and the CORONA crisis are discussed. It is noted that the faster the digital economy is implemented, the more difficult it is to manage the digital economy. Technology is becoming not only an engine for the development of new industries, but also an important social role, making a significant contribution to the solution of societal problems such as population ageing, social stratification, environmental problems and climate change. With the help of advanced science and technology emerges a «smart» society based on new values oriented to the needs of the person, flexibility, creativity. As a result of digitization, the labour market, health care, education and spatial development are changing dramatically. Conclusions: The article discusses key aspects of the creation of conditions for the search for new forms of employment for the Kazakh economy from the standpoint of digitization. The emphasis is on the development of the digital environment in the modern environment. The content of state support of economic entities within the framework of the state program «Digital Kazakhstan» is considered. It was concluded that the changes brought about in the world economy by widespread restrictions in the context of the pandemic would lead to the search for new ways and forms of employment in the Kazakh labour market.

scholarly journals Social class and the risk of unemployment: Trends, gender differences and the contribution of education

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Lahtinen ◽  
Outi Sirniö ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Over Time

Previous research has shown that an advantaged social class position protects individuals from unemployment, but less is known about how this relationship has developed after the turn of the millennium, how it varies by gender and to what extent education contributes to the association between these factors. We assess these questions using register-based data on the Finnish labour force over a 28-year period between 1988 and 2015. The overall risk of unemployment was 2.7–3.7-fold among manual classes compared to upper non-manual classes, and 1.4–1.7-fold among lower compared to upper non-manual classes. Controlling for education attenuated the differences between social classes by about two-thirds. Social class disparities were somewhat more distinct among men than among women, but gender differences narrowed over time. Overall, temporal changes were small, especially among men, except for a curvilinear pattern observed for the relative unemployment risk of the lower non-manual class. To conclude, despite a comparatively egalitarian context and drastic changes in economic conditions and labour market structures over time, social stratification in unemployment has been substantial and considerably persistent. This is in line with the conceptualization of social class underpinning differing employment relations and, therefore, inherently creating variation in labour market risks.

scholarly journals Within-Occupation Forms of Positional Labour Market Advantage in Three Skilled Occupations

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042199940
Author(s):  
Gerbrand Tholen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
Context Shapes ◽  
Over Time

In recent decades, many scholars have accentuated the role of occupations in social stratification and class analysis. Within occupations, workers compete to improve their labour positioning over time and in the process, create unequal outcomes. Advancement to better positions or improved wages can be dependent on many individual factors such as tenure, skills, experience, and effort. Yet, occupations also allow workers to create relative advantage by closing off opportunities to others or seeking otherwise meaningful distinction. This article aims to explain how the occupational context shapes how those within skilled occupations construct the means of relative labour market advantage. It is based on a wider UK case study of laboratory scientists, software engineers, and financial analysts. It shows that within each occupation, there are distinct forms of creating advantage depending on the nature of the occupation such as the educational composition of the incumbents, the situ of skill development, and the level of educational congestion within the occupation.

The Affluent Home Owner: Labour Market Position and the Shaping of Housing Histories

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Forrest ◽  
Alan Murie
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Home Owner ◽  
Family Histories ◽  
Labour Market Position

This article draws on research designed to explore aspects of social stratification within owner occupation. The research reconstructed and compared the housing, employment and family histories of two groups of home owners in two contrasting localities in Bristol. This article focuses on the top end of the owner occupied market, a neglected area in the sociology of housing, and explores the connections between bargaining power in the labour market and the shaping of housing histories. It is argued that core workers in the labour market exercise choice in the housing market within a framework of job determined constraints. These constraints are accompanied by a range of subsidies and benefits which are unavailable to the majority of households. As a consequence it is suggested that this group's housing histories are shaped by qualitatively distinct processes which go beyond the single fact that their earned incomes are relatively large.

Valutazione sociale delle occupazioni, femminilizzazione e effetti di genere

2009 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Dora Gambardella ◽  
Antonietta De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Words Gender

- In this essay the authors propose some reflections about the impact of gender on the social representation of the occupational structure: the change in social perception of the occupations has been analysed through an integrated perspective, that takes into account feminization effects and the broader changes in work and institutions over the last twenty years.Key words: Gender, Feminization of labour market, Skilled professions, Social stratification, Occupational Stratification Scale, Social desirability

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document