scholarly journals POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NORTH MACEDONIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Nikoloski
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poverty Status

Poverty and social exclusion are often associated with unemployment, but being employed is not always sufficient to provide decent living conditions for workers and their families. The ‘low-wage’ workers similarly as unemployed are often associated with an image of men and women struggling to support their families and living at risk of poverty and social exclusion. Dealing with the social stratification engendered from the employment status of workers in the post-transition countries represents a challenging task for the academics and policymakers. The aim of the paper is to assess the determinants of poverty in North Macedonia from the point of view of employment status, particularly the differences between low-paid and unemployed workers. We assess the factors affecting the probability of at-risk-of poverty status by estimating a logit model on cross-section data separately for employed and unemployed persons in 2015. The analysis draws from an examination of micro data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) whose main scope is to enable the compilation of statistics on income distribution, as well as indicators of monetary poverty. Besides other personal and household characteristics, being low-paid appears as the most important factor for at-risk-of poverty status among employed persons, while the low work intensity is the most responsible factor for at-risk-of poverty status among unemployed persons. In addition, our analysis reveals that the social transfers do not satisfactorily cover these categories, which assumes that we need a much broader arsenal of respective policy measures aiming to reduce poverty among the vulnerable labour market segments. The proposed policy recommendations cover the following areas: education and training, active labour market policies, unionisation and collective bargaining, wage subsidies and taxation and statutory minimum wage.

Material deprivation and employment status in post-transition: Evidence from North Macedonia

SEER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Dimitar Nikoloski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Adjustment Mechanisms

Poverty and social exclusion are often associated with unemployment, but being employed is not always sufficient to provide decent living conditions for workers and their families. In this context, the aim of this article, drawing on SILC micro data, is to assess the underlying causes of severe material deprivation in North Macedonia from the point of view of employment status, particularly the differences between employed and unemployed workers. The results show that employed workers face a much greater risk of severe material deprivation if they are positioned in the so-called secondary labour market; while the unemployed with low capital accumulation and those living in households with low work intensity face the highest risks of all. North Macedonia’s adjustment mechanisms do help cushion the consequences, but the article concludes with several policy recommendations for additional action to reduce severe material deprivation covering: education and training; active labour market policies; unionisation and collective bargaining; wage subsidies and taxation; and a statutory minimum wage.

scholarly journals POJĘCIE „OSÓB BĘDĄCYCH W SZCZEGÓLNEJ SYTUACJI NA RYNKU PRACY” W ŚWIETLE USTAWY O PROMOCJI ZATRUDNIENIA I INSTYTUCJACH RYNKU PRACY

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Ewa Staszewska
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Employment Promotion

Legal Notion „of Employees in a Particular Situation on the Labour Market”; in the Light of the Act of 2004 on Employment Promotion and Labour Market InstitutionsSummary The article refers to “employees in a particular situation on the labour market” in the light of the Act of 2004 on employment promotion and labour market institutions .The author points out that the risk of losing jobs varies. Certain categories of employees are more at risk than the others. From the social and economic point of view people are not equal when unemployment comes to the scene. Chances to find jobs are correlated not only with good economic condition but also with socio-demographic features of the jobless. The fact that some social groups are at higher risk of losing jobs creates the need to provide them with more specialized assistance from the State. It should be made possible for them to find steady jobs so that they do not get excluded from the labour market. That is why legislator has developed a catalogue of emploees particularly at risk who should be given priority when applying for a job. The unemployed listed in the catalogue can expect a number of legal instruments to prevent unemployment addressed to them.

Analisi della distribuzione dell'esclusione sociale in Italia

2009 ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Ambra Poggi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social

- Social exclusion can be defined as a process leading to a state of multiple functioning deprivations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the social exclusion distribution in Italy from 1997 to 2000. Our purpose is to better understand the factors affecting the extent to which individuals change place in the social exclusion distribution. The focus is on both mobility and persistence; we identify population sub-groups at risk of experiencing severe deprivations for longer periods. JEL I3, J6

Legal and Axiological Basis for Social Reintegration of Persons Sentenced to Imprisonment and Public Participation in the Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Przemysław Tarwacki
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Polish Society

The article discusses the problem of social reintegration of prisoners, which — despite being raised many a time in the relevant literaturę — remains to be a point of issue. In the light of a recent survey conducted by the Polish Public Opinion Research Centre (hereinafter: CBOS), former convicts are considered by the Polish society as one of the groups of people most at risk of social exclusion. In turn, a report of the Ministry of Justice of 2020, regarding convicted adults, shows that a very large number of people leaving prison return to crime as early as in the first year after being released, which, for obvious reasons, has a negative impact on the internal security of our country. These circumstances encourage one to take a fresh glance at the problem of social reintegration of convicts and to search for additional arguments in favor of extending special support to this group of people. A review of the existing legislation indicates that it allows the principle of individualisation of assistance for the sake of social readaptation of individual convicts to be applied to an unlimited extent. What is strictly limited, however, is the circle of persons who can undertake activities for the social readaptation of prisoners during their imprisonment. The exclusion from the above-mentioned circle of all persons validly convicted of intentional offences is unjustified, and with regard to those members of society who, outside the structures of non-governmental organisations, wish to engage in activities for the social readaptation of convicted persons is downright unlawful, as it is contrary to higher-order legal acts. An in-depth analysis of the law in force leads to the conclusion that argumentation for not treating this social group differently from other individuals most at risk of social exclusion can be found in the constitution itself. On the other hand, a review of lower-order legal acts leads to the observation that since our country's accession to the European Union there have appeared both new measures and additional reasons, different from those traditionally identified in the doctrine of executive criminal law, for investing in any human capital in need of support, including persons sentenced to imprisonment.

Vulnerabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-145
Author(s):  
Mark Davis ◽  
Davina Lohm
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Chapter 6 explores the narratives of people who, due to vulnerabilities associated with their health status, including severe respiratory illness and HIV-positive serostatus, and because of coincident pregnancy, had to respond to the pandemic to protect themselves and unborn children. This chapter, therefore, addresses the importance of biography for understanding the social impact of pandemics. It shows how pandemics as historical events intersect with biographies and, from the point of view of individuals, cannot be meaningfully separated. This temporal intersectionality of pandemics and lived experiences is particularly well illuminated by a narrative approach. A feature of this chapter, too, is a focus on invisibility, that is, the ways in which being at risk was invisible to the “healthy” majority.

scholarly journals Social Entrepreneurship and Social Inequality: A Case Study of Latvia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aija Sannikova ◽  
◽  
Jelena Titko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Social

The present research analyses the theoretical and practical aspects of interaction between social entrepreneurship and socio-economic processes, thereby building up scientific experience in analyses of social entrepreneurship processes. The authors, based on a theoretical literature review and an examination of social entrepreneurship in Latvia, analysed the elements of the social entrepreneurship ecosystem, the impacts of social entrepreneurship and statistical data on social inequality in Latvia. The research concluded that social development in Latvia was at the initial stage, yet it provided support to people at risk of social exclusion and poverty. The development of social entrepreneurship in the regions of Latvia was uneven.

scholarly journals DIDACTIC METHODS USED IN SPORT FOR TRAINING CHILDREN AT RISK OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-133
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Sports Activities

In the complex process of training children at risk of social exclusion, sports activities with content from sports games aim at specific motor objectives related to the acquisition, strengthening or improvement of the knowledge, abilities and motor skills specific to each sport, as well as social objectives mainly aimed to facilitate integration into small, medium and large social groups of children. The effectiveness of the training is determined by the system of methods and means used, their variety, so that the practice of sports games determines multiple acquisitions, from the point of view of student communication, by increasing the number of specific motor skills, determining the proper organization and direction of the activity, stimulating and maintaining students’ interest in the practice of sports games. The study aims to find the most useful methods and means of training children at risk of social exclusion by using a questionnaire survey. It was applied to teachers and specialist inspectors working with children included in the target group within the project “Sustainable social and educational integration through sports activities” - PNP001, which is in its first year of development. The information provided by the questionnaire survey and the conclusions of this study will lead to the optimisation of the methodology for intervention on the target group.

An Approach for Detecting Social Interactions on Mobile Devices

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Isadora Vasconcellos e Souza ◽  
William Bortoluzzi Pereira ◽  
João Carlos D Lima
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
The Social ◽  
User Intervention

Social exclusion can occur in a variety of ways, one of which is lack of social interaction. The recognition of the social relations that occur in a group is fundamental to identify possible exclusions. This chapter proposes SocialCount, a mobile application that identifies social interactions performed by the user. In order not to interfere in the naturalness of relationships, the application was designed to infer social interactions without user intervention. The data of the interactions generated sociograms that represented the structure of the relations in a group in a simple way. Through the sociogram it was possible to visualize the users who may be socially at risk and alert the professionals responsible to solve the situation.

'The best holidays I ever had': the benefits of social tourism programmes for children at risk of poverty and social exclusion.

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Cátia Loureiro ◽  
Celeste Eusébio ◽  
Elisabete Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
Summer Holiday ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Children's Participation

Abstract This chapter analyses children's participation in the social tourism programme promoted by the 'O Século' Foundation in Portugal. A literature review is first presented, which discusses both the constraints of poverty and social exclusion in childhood and the relevance of social tourism programmes in mitigating its effects and promoting social inclusion. The chapter then presents an analysis of 131 questionnaires and 132 drawings, collected during the 2014 summer holiday camps of the 'O Século' Foundation. Results are discussed in terms of children's motivations, satisfaction levels and perceived benefits from the social tourism programme.

Entsendegesetz - eine Aushöhlung der Wirtschaftsordnung

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Eekhoff
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law

AbstractThis paper examines the economic implications of the posted workers law. The law provides that employment regulations such as minimum wages in the German construction sector are to be applied to both German and foreign companies operating in Germany. By choosing such an interventionist instrument, its impact is rather harmful to the economy, leading actually to an exclusion of Portuguese, Irish and other employees from the German labour market. Thereby the law not only prevents the convergence of living conditions within the European Union but also increases the costs of construction and living in Germany. Another consequence of the law is that the demand for protectionist instruments in other sectors and countries will become stronger. In order to improve the social and employment conditions in Europe, the paper therefore suggests to introduce more instead of less competition in the German labour market.

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