Uncertainty in Wastewater Treatment Design and Operation

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Treatment Design

Uncertainty in Wastewater Treatment Design and Operation aims to facilitate the transition of the wastewater profession to the probabilistic use of simulators with the associated benefits of being better able to take advantage of opportunities and manage risk. There is a paradigm shift taking place in the design and operation of treatment plants in the water industry. The market is currently in transition to use modelling and simulation while still using conventional heuristic guidelines (safety factors). Key reasons for transition include: wastewater treatment simulation software advancements; stricter effluent requirements that cannot be designed for using traditional approaches, and increased pressure for more efficient designs (including energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emission control). There is increasing consensus among wastewater professionals that the performance of plants and the predictive power of their models (degree of uncertainty) is a critical component of plant design and operation. However, models and simulators used by designers and operators do not incorporate methods for the evaluation of uncertainty associated with each design. Thus, engineers often combine safety factors with simulation results in an arbitrary way based on designer ‘experience’. Furthermore, there is not an accepted methodology (outside modelling) that translates uncertainty to assumed opportunity or risk and how it is distributed among consultants/contractors and owners. Uncertainty in Wastewater Treatment Design and Operation documents how uncertainty, opportunity and risk are currently handled in the wastewater treatment practice by consultants, utilities and regulators. The book provides a useful set of terms and definitions relating to uncertainty and promotes an understanding of the issues and terms involved. It identifies the sources of uncertainty in different project phases and presents a critical review of the available methods. Real-world examples are selected to illustrate where and when sources of uncertainty are introduced and how models are implemented and used in design projects and in operational optimisation. Uncertainty in Wastewater Treatment Design and Operation defines the developments required to provide improved procedures and tools to implement uncertainty and risk evaluations in projects. It is a vital reference for utilities, regulators, consultants, and trained management dealing with certainty, opportunity and risk in wastewater treatment. ISBN: 9781780401027 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781780401034 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789062601 (ePub)

scholarly journals Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Plant Design using Process Dynamic Simulation: A Case Study from Kurdistan, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hayder M. Issa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Trickling Biofilter ◽  
Wwtp Design

Satisfactory effluent characteristics are indispensable to evaluate the performance of any wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) design. Dynamic simulation software has a great role in pursuing this objective, in which an efficient and cost-effective design is constantly performed. In this study, a dynamic simulator sewage treatment operation analysis over time (STOAT) has been used under certain influent conditions to optimize design possibilities for modifying an existing primary WWTP College of Engineering Wastewater Treatment Plant (COEWWTP) at Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq. The optimization was established on the basis of total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) characteristics in the effluent. Two alternative design schemes were proposed; trickling biofilter and aeration basin. In the dynamic simulation for the investigated design schemes, the predicted effluent profile showed that each of the existing and trickling biofilter processes has failed to correspond to the valid effluent limitation, whereas predicted results of the aeration basin exhibited an effluent profile that meets TSS and BOD allowable limits. Different simulation models have been implemented by STOAT to simulate treatment processes in studied design approaches: ASAL 1 model; BOD model; BOD semi-dynamic model; and SSED 1 model. This study offers an additional understanding of WWTP design and facilitates the application of dynamic simulators as tools for wastewater treatment development in Kurdistan.

scholarly journals Optimum Design of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ali Hadi Ghawi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

In this study, a sewage treatment plant was designed for the city of Al-Nasiriyah in Dhi Qar governorate in southern Iraq serving 316083 inhabitants. The resulting treated water is suitable for agricultural irrigation and can be discharged to the Euphrates River when needed by adding nitrogen and phosphorus removal units to the wastewater treatment plant. The obtained plant design has been verified and optimized by implementing the proposed plant layout in the GPS-X 5.0 modeling and simulation software (Hydromantis). Where the results of the design showed that the total phosphorus flow is higher than the desired limit of 2 mg / L, due to the excessive release during anaerobic digestion. Control of phosphorus concentration can be controlled by adding chemicals (iron or aluminum salts) in different parts of the wastewater treatment plant. In this case, two different control strategies can be implemented: adding aluminum doses in both water and sludge lines (at Chem1 and Chem2 points) or adding aluminum doses in the water line only (at point Chem2). The second strategy showed that it is the most efficient in controlling the concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen produced, which meets the limits of the Iraqi standard of water used in irrigation.  

Perspectives on greenhouse gas emission estimates based on Australian wastewater treatment plant operating data

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. de Haas ◽  
C. Pepperell ◽  
J. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Operating Data

Primary operating data were collected from forty-six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located across three states within Australia. The size range of plants was indicatively from 500 to 900,000 person equivalents. Direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions were calculated using a mass balance approach and default emission factors, based on Australia's National Greenhouse Energy Reporting (NGER) scheme and IPCC guidelines. A Monte Carlo-type combined uncertainty analysis was applied to the some of the key emission factors in order to study sensitivity. The results suggest that Scope 2 (indirect emissions due to electrical power purchased from the grid) dominate the emissions profile for most of the plants (indicatively half to three quarters of the average estimated total emissions). This is only offset for the relatively small number of plants (in this study) that have significant on-site power generation from biogas, or where the water utility purchases grid electricity generated from renewable sources. For plants with anaerobic digestion, inventory data issues around theoretical biogas generation, capture and measurement were sometimes encountered that can skew reportable emissions using the NGER methodology. Typically, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions dominated the Scope 1 (direct) emissions. However, N2O still only accounted for approximately 10 to 37% of total emissions. This conservative estimate is based on the ‘default’ NGER steady-state emission factor, which amounts to 1% of nitrogen removed through biological nitrification-denitrification processing in the plant (or indicatively 0.7 to 0.8% of plant influent total nitrogen). Current research suggests that true N2O emissions may be much lower and certainly not steady-state. The results of this study help to place in context research work that is focused on direct emissions from WWTPs (including N2O, methane and carbon dioxide of non-biogenic origin). For example, whereas non-biogenic CO2 contributions are relatively minor, it appears that opportunities to reduce indirect emissions as a result of modest savings in power consumption are at least in the same order as those from reducing N2O emissions. To avoid potentially high reportable emissions under NGER guidelines, particularly for methane, the onus is placed on WWTP managers to ensure that accurate plant monitoring operating records are kept.

scholarly journals INTEGRATING REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL THEME EXAMPLES IN PROCESS CONTROL EDUCATION

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Sebastien Deschenes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Control Education ◽  
Industrial Context

A process control course was elaborated around the specific regional (industrial) context in which UQAR has an important mission of regional development. A multidisciplinary approach is used, integrating notions from various fields of engineering (electrical, mechanical, chemical and civil engineering) through theme examples such as wastewater treatment, pulp and paper making, mining and metallurgical extraction (mineral grinding). Laboratory activities on such processes are realized using a simulation software specifically designed for process control education. The small size of the groups at UQAR also allows to employ innovative strategies on how to run the activities and to evaluate the students. One laboratory on a real physical system (electrical motor) was also part of the course, to balance between the advantages of the software and the more “hands-on” laboratories. General feedback and comparative appreciation from students is then presented, followed by overall conclusions

scholarly journals An Overview on Major Design Constraints, Impact and Challenges for a Conventional Wastewater Treatment Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Set Up

The conventional wastewater (WW) treatment plant includes physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes that can protect the receiving water bodies from water pollution. The common design constraints, challenges as well as environmental impact would make the wastewater treatment plant’s (WWTP) construction and operation more complex and demanding tasks. Major project constraints for WW plant design are economic, accessibility, fulfilling technical requirements, institutional set-up, health and environment, personnel capacity, and political commitment etc. Design methodology adopted in the current study included project location, unit selections, the design capacity, design period as well as proximity to the population and layout plan. The present manuscript discussed briefly about effluent quality requirements, design issues, environmental impacts, details, and safety concerns. It also highlighted the necessary flexibility to carry out satisfactorily within the desired range of influent WW characteristics and flows. In the present study, every step of the design was verified with Environmental Regulations and suggested to overcome all constraints while designing WWTPs so that standard operational code for the specific region could be implemented to achieve the best treatment performance. The results obtained from analytical calculation were optimized to achieve the best design parameters for field application. The optimized values also reduce the construction and operation cost during the field application.

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