Evaluation of automated groundwater level measurements for transmissivity and storativity calculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Kirlas ◽  
K. L. Katsifarakis
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Sparse Measurements ◽  
T Values ◽  
Head Level ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the accuracy of aquifer transmissivity (T) and storativity (S) values, obtained through the processing of hourly and 5-min groundwater level data, regularly and accurately recorded by automated stations. In particular, we discuss the role of the selection of (a) the initial undisturbed hydraulic head level, which might be influenced by prior pumping cycles, and (b) the exact time of start or shutdown of the pump, which might not be exactly recorded. Furthermore, the accuracy of T and S values based on sparse measurements is also examined. The Cooper–Jacob method and the recovery test method have been applied to obtain both T and S, and T values, respectively. Groundwater level measurements at Moudania aquifer, Chalkidiki, Greece, are used as an illustrative example. Our main conclusions are (a) assuming that pumping starts earlier than it actually does, leads to the underestimation of T and the overestimation of S, (b) transmissivity might be overestimated if the residual drawdown, due to previous pumping cycles, is substantial, (c) in recovery tests, the deviation of the straight line that fits the experimental points from the point (1,0) is an indication of residual drawdown, and (d) sparse measurements can offer reasonable estimates.

Improving ester hydrolytic stability using triblock polyalkylene glycols

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Robert Greaves ◽  
Evelyn Zaugg Hoozemans
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Triblock Copolymers ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polyalkylene Glycol ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Purpose This paper aims to examine the role of different polyalkylene glycol architectures in improving the hydrolytic stability of natural and synthetic esters. Design/methodology/approach Hydrolytic stability measurements were conducted using a modified ASTM D2619 test method in which several polyalkylene glycol chemistries were examined at concentrations of up to 10 per cent in a selection of esters. Findings The inclusion of triblock copolymers derived from ethylene oxide (EO) and 1,2-propylene oxide (PO) and with an EO content of about 30 per cent produced significant improvements in the hydrolytic stability of natural and synthetic esters. Stability improved with increased concentration of the triblock. Research limitations/implications The study did not evaluate the vast array of polyalkylene glycol structures that can be derived from other higher alkylene oxides. Practical implications Improving the hydrolytic stability of esters can offer the possibility of creating longer life environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs). Social implications This discovery should allow longer life EALs to be designed thereby using less raw materials over a determined period. It may also allow more replacement of conventional hydrocarbon lubricants. Originality/value Triblock copolymers are rarely used in lubricants. Their use as components of ester-based EALs is new.

scholarly journals Primaries and Candidates: Examining the Influence of Primary Electorates on Candidate Ideology

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Nielson ◽  
Neil Visalvanich
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Elections ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Primary Election ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Ideal Points ◽  
Selection Of

Primary elections in the United States have been under-studied in the political science literature. Using new data to estimate the ideal points of primary election candidates and constituents, we examine the link between the ideological leanings of primary electorates and the ideological orientation of US congressional candidates. We use district-level data from the Cooperative Congressional Election Study and ideal point estimates for congressional primary election candidates to examine the role of primary electorate ideology in the selection of party nominees. We find that more extreme Republicans are more likely to win their party’s primary and that Republican and Democratic candidates are responsive to different electoral constituencies.

scholarly journals On constraining a lumped hydrological model with both piezometry and streamflow: results of a large sample evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Pelletier ◽  
Vazken Andréassian
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Calibration Process ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Streamflow Simulation

Abstract. The role of aquifers in the seasonal and multiyear dynamics of streamflow is undisputed: in many temperate catchments, aquifers store water during the wet periods and release it all year long, making a major contribution to low flows. The complexity of groundwater modelling has long prevented surface hydrological modellers from including groundwater level data, especially in lumped rainfall–runoff models. In this article, we investigate whether using groundwater level data in the daily GR6J model, through a composite calibration framework, can improve the performance of streamflow simulation. We tested the new calibration process on 107 French catchments. Our results show that these additional data are superfluous for streamflow simulation, since for catchments, model performance is not significantly improved. However, parameter stability is ameliorated and the model shows a surprising ability to simulate groundwater level with a satisfying performance, in a wide variety of hydrogeological and hydroclimatic contexts. Finally, we make several recommendations regarding the model calibration process to be used in a given situation.

Faculty selection of textbooks: Key variables and the role of teaching experience

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Taitano ◽  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Cade Hulbert ◽  
Kristin Batten ◽  
Lalania Woodstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Faculty Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

Energy Efficiency Analysis in ERA using NFL-BA Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Palky Mehta ◽  
H. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Head ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

In the current scenario of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), power consumption is the major issue associated with nodes in WSN. LEACH technique plays a vital role of clustering in WSN and reduces the energy usage effectively. But LEACH has its own limitation in order to search cluster head nodes which are randomly distributed over the network. In this paper, ERA-NFL- BA algorithm is being proposed for selects the cluster heads in WSN. This algorithm help in selection of cluster heads can freely transform from global search to local search. At the end, a comparison has been done with earlier researcher using protocol ERA-NFL, which clearly shown that proposed Algorithm is best suited and from comparison results that ERA-NFL-BA has given better performance.

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

The Adult as Foe or Friend?: Childism in Guus Kuijer's Criticism and Fiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Joosen
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Memorial Award ◽  
Adult Reader ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

Compared to the attention that children's literature scholars have paid to the construction of childhood in children's literature and the role of adults as authors, mediators and readers of children's books, few researchers have made a systematic study of adults as characters in children's books. This article analyses the construction of adulthood in a selection of texts by the Dutch author and Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award winner Guus Kuijer and connects them with Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's recent concept of ‘childism’ – a form of prejudice targeted against children. Whereas Kuijer published a severe critique of adulthood in Het geminachte kind [The despised child] (1980), in his literary works he explores a variety of positions that adults can take towards children, with varying degrees of childist features. Such a systematic and comparative analysis of the way grown-ups are characterised in children's texts helps to shed light on a didactic potential that materialises in different adult subject positions. After all, not only literary and artistic aspects of children's literature may be aimed at the adult reader (as well as the child), but also the didactic aspect of children's books can cross over between different age groups.

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