scholarly journals Integrated simulation of physical, chemical and ecological processes for river management

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Goodwin ◽  
Thomas B. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
River System ◽  
River Management ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Ecological Resources

River management is a rapidly evolving science and recent major floods have prompted a re-examination of traditional approaches such as channelization, levees, flood walls and dams. These flood control measures are capital intensive, require significant maintenance costs, only protect local regions, and often require a tradeoff with ecological resources. Further, recent analyses have shown that the intended benefits and hydraulic performances are not achieved. A new paradigm in river management is evolving, which requires a broad range of design objectives to be met that include reduction in flood risks, ecological enhancement, recreation and aesthetics, as well as complying with strict environmental protection legislation. These more complex projects require extensive data and simulation tools to assist decision makers and communities in selecting management strategies which offer the maximum benefits, whilst preserving and enhancing the ecological integrity of the river system. A framework for the systematic analysis of the river ecosystem is outlined and illustrated by examples from the Western U S A.

Study of Urban Flood Control Planning in Taiyuan

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 1709-1714
Author(s):  
Xiu Yong Yi ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
River System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Downstream Area ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

Considering topography, climate, river system, and existing problems in Taiyuan, the urban flood control planning in Taiyuan boils down to the following points: determine the flood control standard according to the size of city; study the flood alleviating measures in the upstream area; provide adequate water and soil conservation measures in the mountainous areas reduce flash floods; divert flood from mountainous areas to the downstream area instead of to the urban; improve the river channels in the urban area; provide flood detention and retarding area in the downstream area; study non-engineering flood control measures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Non Damaging Flow for a Set of Upstream Sub Basins in a River System

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parthasarathi Choudhury ◽  
Sangita Deb Barman ◽  
Jotish Nongthombam
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
River System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Downstream Section ◽  
System Properties ◽  
Upstream Flow

<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">A model for evaluating non damaging flow for a set of sub basins in a river system is presented. Linear Programming technique incorporating multiple inflows routing scheme is employed to evaluate upstream flow conditions necessary for satisfying specified downstream flood flow conditions. Non damaging flow for the sub basins are determined by using river system properties. The model is applied to a river system in India having flows from gauged and ungauged sub basins; flow contributions from the ungauged basins are estimated by using unit hydrograph technique. Peak flow studies involving major and minor sub basins indicate relative importance of the basins in the study area. Results obtained in the study depict variations in the non-damaging flow with the flow in the main channel. Model applications show that for flood with peaks exceeding 7566 m<sup>3</sup>/s regulating intervening basins only may not lead to safe flow at the downstream section(s). The model allows evaluating effectiveness of controlling the intervening basins in a river system; model applications to a real life river system yield results that are useful in adopting flood control measures for the study area.</span></p>

scholarly journals An Analysis of Transboundary Water Resources: A Case Study of River Brahmaputra

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Debi Prasad Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Political Boundaries

The need for water management on hydrological boundaries is mainly triggered by the growing competition for water or by the need to cooperate in an upstream downstream relation. For an institution operating on political boundaries, not coinciding with the boundaries of the river basin, it is very difficult to allocate or prioritise water or carry out flood control measures. A system of water management on political boundaries will induce the respective authorities to either monopolise the water supply sources within its area and to transfer the problem of flooding to downstream. In this article it is attempted to explore the major transboundary issues that need to be addressed in the whole Brahmaputra River basin. Sharing of resources, sharing of basic data and information and protection and preservation of ecosystem are identified as three major issues. In this context, controversial legal issues between the riparian nations in the past were also analysed which has triggered the scope for integrated approach to manage the Brahmaputra River basin. In the later part of the article, a critical analysis was made to understand the principles, approaches and instruments to address the above problems. Finally, some legal materials are presented which could be used as a basis for solving the major river basin issues.Key words: water management; diversifying water supply sources; water management strategies; NepalJournal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July 2009, pp. 135-141doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2072

scholarly journals Implementation of the Ramsar strategic plan in coastal wetlands of the Península de Yucatán: regulations and normativity

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-887
Author(s):  
Laura Vidal ◽  
Adriana Vallarino ◽  
Ileana Benítez ◽  
Jorge Correa
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Trophic Networks ◽  
Current Scenario

The way how Mexico applies the normative and other management strategies, regarding coastal wetland and wetlands birds conservation of the Península de Yucatán following the Ramsar Strategic Plan 2009- 2015 is analyzed. Regulatory criteria within Management Programs of Natural Protected Areas and Ecologic Ordinance Instruments were analyzed identifying strengths and weaknesses under an ecological integrity concept. Results show the need to homogenize the concept of integrity within regulation, to develop a hierarchical spatial structure for management strategies. It will: a) promotes connectivity, b) strength the perception of buffer zones and critical habitats, c) emphasize in the protection of biologic heterogeneity in space and time, ecological processes and trophic networks and, develop regulation about wetland restoration. We conclude that current normative framework is still very inefficient and a systemic vision is required to protect these ecosystems. Nine suggestions to improve the current scenario are included.

Effect of Financial Control Mechanisms on Performance of Income Generating Units in Selected Public Universities in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (V) ◽  
pp. 286-304
Author(s):  
Shadrack Musunkui Towett ◽  
Isaac Naibei ◽  
Williter Rop
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms

In an attempt to bridge the gap between the budgetary allocations and actual expenditures most universities have started income generating units with the aim of boosting their operational expenses. Whereas there is the potential of the use of Income Generating Units (IGUs) to generate additional funds, most universities still experience challenges in full implementation and realization of the revenue goal. This study therefore sought to determine the financial control mechanisms affecting performance of income generating units among selected public universities. The study sought to determine the effect of internal controls, credit policies, financial risk management and internal audit on performance of income generating units in selected universities. Targeted population was all the 290 employees in the IGU departments of selected public universities. The respondents were sampled using simple random sampling so as to enable equal representation of the target population without any biasness. Data collection was done using the questionnaire to ensure sufficient data was collected from the respondents. Descriptive statistics assisted in the determination of respondent’s views and opinions on every variable. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis into meaningful, precise and comprehensive statements and presented in quotations. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21 and data presented in form of figures and tables. The study ensured that all ethical considerations were considered by the study. The findings were that most employed Income Generating Units in Public Universities were Collection of rental fees, Evening and executive programs and Trainings of both short and long courses while the least was established to be Sales of memorabilia and books. All the financial control mechanism investigated namely internal audit, internal control measures, risk management strategies and credit policies had large extents of adoption in the selected universities. The results of the regression analysis showed that the financial control mechanisms investigated had a significant positive relationship on performance of the IGUs. Specifically, 47% of the variation of the performance of IGUs was established to be explained by the studied factors. The study concluded that the performance of the IGUs among the selected public universities was largely accounted for by the implemented financial control measures. Therefore effective financial control mechanisms is concluded to lead to better IGU performance whereas shortcomings in the financial control mechanisms is concluded to lead to diminished returns in the IGUs. The study recommended that the management in charge of the IGU department in the public universities to prioritize the formulation, implementation and monitoring of financial control mechanisms in the IGUs. To facilitate effective financial controls, the study recommended that the management especially those in the audit section to conduct regular checks and inspections on the IGUs. Additionally, frequent reforms were recommended to address the shortcomings experienced in integrating financial control measures in IGUs.

IPM—A Problem-based Learning Approach

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 509e-509
Author(s):  
Robert P. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Use Of Resources

The Cal Poly philosophy of “Learn and Understand by Doing” has been integrated with problem-based learning and the use of the latest technology to produce a class that closely simulates real-life pest control situations. Goals of the class, Disease and Pest Control Systems for Ornamental Plants, are to teach students pest monitoring, control and problem solving techniques, the use of resources including the internet and journals, and the use of the latest pest control equipment and application techniques. Students are shown pest situations and then work in groups to diagnose the problem, investigate management strategies, apply control measures, and monitor results. Weekly class presentations inform the class of the various projects and help to teach the class organization and presentation skills. Student evaluations and test performance have demonstrated that students achieve class objectives substantially better with the problem-based learning approach than with the previous lecture-based approach to the class.

scholarly journals Planning of technical flood retention measures in large river basins under consideration of imprecise probabilities of multivariate hydrological loads

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nijssen ◽  
A. Schumann ◽  
M. Pahlow ◽  
B. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Large River ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Imprecise Probabilities ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Statistical Characterization ◽  
Design Floods ◽  
Known Unknowns ◽  
Flood Waves

Abstract. As a result of the severe floods in Europe at the turn of the millennium, the ongoing shift from safety oriented flood control towards flood risk management was accelerated. With regard to technical flood control measures it became evident that the effectiveness of flood control measures depends on many different factors, which cannot be considered with single events used as design floods for planning. The multivariate characteristics of the hydrological loads have to be considered to evaluate complex flood control measures. The effectiveness of spatially distributed flood control systems differs for varying flood events. Event-based characteristics such as the spatial distribution of precipitation, the shape and volume of the resulting flood waves or the interactions of flood waves with the technical elements, e.g. reservoirs and flood polders, result in varying efficiency of these systems. Considering these aspects a flood control system should be evaluated with a broad range of hydrological loads to get a realistic assessment of its performance under different conditions. The consideration of this variety in flood control planning design was one particular aim of this study. Hydrological loads were described by multiple criteria. A statistical characterization of these criteria is difficult, since the data base is often not sufficient to analyze the variety of possible events. Hydrological simulations were used to solve this problem. Here a deterministic-stochastic flood generator was developed and applied to produce a large quantity of flood events which can be used as scenarios of possible hydrological loads. However, these simulations imply many uncertainties. The results will be biased by the basic assumptions of the modeling tools. In flood control planning probabilities are applied to characterize uncertainties. The probabilities of the simulated flood scenarios differ from probabilities which would be derived from long time series. With regard to these known unknowns the bias of the simulations was considered by imprecise probabilities. Probabilities, derived from measured flood data were combined with probabilities which were estimated from long simulated series. To consider imprecise probabilities, fuzzy sets were used to distinguish the results between more or less possible design floods. The need for such a differentiated view on the performance of flood protection systems is demonstrated by a case study.

Comprehensive Flood Control Measures in the Tsurumi River Basin in Japan

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiko Nakao ◽  
Koji Tanimoto
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Control Measures

State-shifts of lion prey selection in the Kruger National Park

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Maruping-Mzileni ◽  
P. J. Funston ◽  
S. M. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Management Interventions

Aims Indicators of pending state-shifts carry value for policy makers. Predator–prey relations reflect key ecological processes that shape ecosystems. Variance in predator–prey relations may serve as a key indicator of future state-shifts. Methods Lion (Panthera leo) diet in the Kruger National Park was evaluated as such an indicator. Over the three-decade time span reviewed, variance in diet in relation to rainfall, prey abundance, management strategies and disease emergence were reviewed. Key results Rainfall patterns, both seasonal and cyclical, were identified as key drivers of predator–prey selection. However, the intensity of management in the form of artificial waterpoints overrode and confounded natural process. The results suggest that savanna systems are stable and punctuated by climatic events in the form of extreme above-average rainfall that temporarily destabilises the system. However, droughts are a cyclical part of the savanna system. Conclusion Lion prey selection did fluctuate with changing environmental conditions. Abrupt state shifts did occur; however, the ecosystem returned to a stable state. Implications State shifts in ecosystems pose key challenges to conservation managers. State shifts appear to be primarily associated with management interventions and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Evaluating and Predicting the Effects of Land Use Changes on Hydrology in Wami River Basin, Tanzania

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekela Twisa ◽  
Shija Kazumba ◽  
Mathew Kurian ◽  
Manfred F. Buchroithner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
River System ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the variation in the hydrological response of a basin associated with land use changes is essential for developing management strategies for water resources. The impact of hydrological changes caused by expected land use changes may be severe for the Wami river system, given its role as a crucial area for water, providing food and livelihoods. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of land use changes on various elements of the hydrological processes of the basin. Hybrid classification, which includes unsupervised and supervised classification techniques, is used to process the images (2000 and 2016), while CA–Markov chain analysis is used to forecast and simulate the 2032 land use state. In the current study, a combined approach—including a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR)—is used to explore the influences of individual land use classes on fluctuations in the hydrological components. From the study, it is evident that land use has changed across the basin since 2000 (which is expected to continue in 2032), as well as that the hydrological effects caused by land use changes were observed. It has been found that the major land use changes that affected hydrology components in the basin were expansion of cultivation land, built-up area and grassland, and decline in natural forests and woodland during the study period. These findings provide baseline information for decision-makers and stakeholders concerning land and water resources for better planning and management decisions in the basin resources’ use.

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