scholarly journals Systemic knowledge management in hydraulic systems: I. A postulate on paradigm shifts as a methodological tool

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman H. Khatibi
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Sense Of Direction ◽  
Generic Problem ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Conscious Process ◽  
Flow Of Information

Unravelling transparency among the various disciplines of science in the context of their evolving processes is a methodological problem and the focus of a series of two papers presented here. This first paper presents the concept of the paradigm as a generic problem-solving tool for creating transparency by postulating that a paradigm, after its formation, shifts through proliferating, norming and performing stages. Each stage is associated with generic features. A common conception of the paradigm is synonymous with frameworks in science and technology; this concept is revisited in this paper and is presented as a generic problem-solving framework. The paper argues that science selects and intertwines many paradigms and a paradigm is a particular form of evolution in action. In its pre-paradigm period there is randomness among the rudimentary components with no sense of direction. In its forming and proliferating stages, a paradigm is composed of workable components with a one-way flow of information subject to the law of natural selection. In the norming and performing stages, a conscious process of consolidation takes place among the components with emerging hierarchies and with influences on the orientation of the paradigm but without full determination of the overall direction. In this way, a picture emerges where science has generic foresight, the formation of which can be influenced but not be fixed. This paper substantiates this postulate through the paradigm of science and institutionalisation and the following paper substantiates it through hydraulic systems.

Human Systems Integration (HSI) in Navy Ship Manpower Reduction

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (19) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robert Bost ◽  
Thomas B. Malone ◽  
Clifford C. Baker ◽  
Charles D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Front End ◽  
Human Systems Integration ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Workload Reduction ◽  
Specific Operator

The HSI approach to ship and ship system design for manning reduction is based on the standard human factors front-end analysis to identify functions and requirements, allocate functions to determine the role of the human vs. automation, identify approaches to reduce workload, and conduct task network workload simulation to establish the effectiveness of selected workload reduction techniques. The classes of workload reduction are focused on design requirements associated with automation of functions, consolidation of functions, simplification of function performance, and elimination of functions. Function Automation addresses the automation of functions previously performed manually and the determination of the roles of the human in automated or semi-automated functions. Function Consolidation requires a reassignment of functions among available operators to more evenly redistribute required workload. Function simplification requires that, for high driver functions and tasks assigned to a specific operator or maintainer, the demands that these functions and tasks make must be reduced to the greatest extent possible. Function/task demands include physical, cognitive, and perceptual-motor demands. Function Elimination involves removing a function from the ship through tele-operations or tele-maintenance with shoreside equipment tech-reps or maintenance experts, and reliance on collaboration tools to support dispersed team problem solving, or elimination of a function altogether.

scholarly journals Analisis Berorientasi Objek Dalam Penentuan Tingkat Kreativitas Siswa Dengan Metode Fuzzy Mamdani

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Kurniawan ◽  
Rahman Abdillah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Different Levels

<em>Problem-solving skill requires the ability to think creatively in exploring various alternatives or solutions. Someone’s ability to think has different levels depending on works he produces. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the determination of student’s creativity level by employing a fuzzy mamdani method. The aim of this research is to know the process of determining the student’s creativity level by using a fuzzy mamdani method. The research applies a survey method with a qualitative research model in which the data are collected by observation, interview and literature review techniques</em>

scholarly journals Democratic Information Communities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Political Liberty ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Organization Analysis ◽  
Media Power ◽  
Flow Of Information

In order that American communities may thrive in a 21st century democratic context, both individuals and organizations across the private, public, and nonprofit sectors must intentionally dedicate themselves to promoting an inclusive flow of information designed to support collective problem-solving, the coordination of community activity, public accountability, and connectedness within the community. Our national commitment to democracy – to ideals of political liberty and equality – means not only that local communities need information adequate for these purposes, but that our practices of information creation, organization, analysis, and transmission be democratic in character. This creates a special community need for good journalism, for a for-profit media environment attentive to issues of access, diversity, relevance, and media power, and for nonprofit institutions that develop and organize information in the public interest that assist communities by actively facilitating democratic conversation for community agenda-setting, problem-solving and conflict resolution. Communities that pursue these aims should be considered “democratic information communities.”

scholarly journals Analisis Kesulitan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Pada Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) Pelajaran Matematika Kurikulum 2013 revisi 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Yulia Rahayu ◽  
Ali Umar ◽  
Rosliana Harapan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Problem Type ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Curriculum Revision ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Collection Methods

This study aims to analyze and describe the level of difficulty of solving mathematical problems in terms of the components of the problem: type of problem, type of number, type of operation, many operations, many questions, sufficiency of data, and similarity with previous questions and difficulty level of problem solving questions in the Electronic School Book (BSE) Mathematics for Senior High School (SMA) class X 2013 curriculum revision of 2017. This research uses literature review or literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection methods used were the determination of mathematics teaching materials/textbooks; determination of problem-solving items contained in the competency test. The data analysis technique uses the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed: 1) There are 18% problem solving questions or 20 questions out of 109 total questions; 2) Type of problem solving 55% routine and 45% nonroutine; 2) the dominant number type of whole number is 60%; 3) More types of operations use multiplication operations as much as 90%; 4) Many dominant operations use more than one operation as much as 100%; 5) Many dominant questions use one question as much as 70%; 6) Has sufficient complete data as much as 75%; 7) As many as 60% of the questions were not similar to the previous questions. So that the problem solving questions in the School Electronic Book (BSE) class X SMA are categorized as having an Easy difficulty level.

scholarly journals Mutuality and Concepts of Responsible Business

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Alastair Colin-Jones ◽  
Sudhir Rama Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Shareholder Value ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Boundaries Of The Firm ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Ownership Rights

Chapter 6 places Economics of Mutuality in the context of a wider set of responsible business concepts, such as stakeholder theory. It considers whether these ideas represent fundamental ‘paradigm’ shifts in business or whether they are essentially modifications of existing theories It concludes that stakeholder theory was a significant shift away from shareholder-centric views of the firm, and, in line with stakeholder theory, Economics of Mutuality places corporate purposes other than shareholder value at the heart of the firm and derives business practices on the basis of that. But it differs from stakeholder theories in emphasizing the importance of relations with stakeholders in delivering corporate purposes not the interests of stakeholders themselves. It also differs from existing models in looking at the boundaries of the firm beyond traditional ownership rights and contractual arrangements. It is therefore a problem-solving view of the firm as against a financially or stakeholder-driven concept that embraces shareholders and stakeholders but does not put corporate purpose at the heart of either of them.

An Exploration of the Use of Emotional Discourse in Parliamentary Deliberations

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-267
Author(s):  
Magret Jongore
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Historical Periods

In Parliament, problem-solving argumentation calls for several thresholds of proof. This chapter presents the Rhetoric of Parliamentary. The role of such rhetoric is to articulate political motives and legitimize political action. This therefore calls for a review of language use as a concrete display of power: securing political power, challenging it, competing for it, or defending and consolidating it. In socio-historical periods marked by significant paradigm shifts and political polarizations, parliaments have played a decisive role in benchmarking current societal issues and exposing party-political agendas by debating the pros and cons of alternative political solutions. The chapter with the use of critical discourse analysis (CDA) reveals forms of power inherent in this discourse. CDA as a theoretical framework insists that there is no language that is neutral. Thus, CDA unravels unequal power relations, ideological inclinations and hegemony parliamentary discourse of this chapter.

scholarly journals Assessment of the generic problem-solving construct across different contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 1379 ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
A K L Nguyen ◽  
C T K Nguyen ◽  
R J Adams
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Generic Problem

UNSTEADY HYDRODYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE SLIT GAPS NONCONTACT SEALS IN A STEP CHANGE IN PRESSURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. KRESTIN
Keyword(s):  
Channel Wall ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Stationary Processes ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Dynamic Studies ◽  
Unit Step ◽  
Hydrodynamic Processes

Determination of leakage of fluid through the slotted annular gaps in dynamic studies leads to the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental results. This discrepancy is particularly large for non-stationary processes in hydraulic systems. Dynamic characteristics of annular sealing cracks in a typical non-contact seals in stepwise (unit step) change of pressure are found. The velocity profile, the flow of leaks, the force of viscous friction on the channel wall are determined, the relaxation during the defined transition and the weighting function of the sealing gap are viewed.

scholarly journals Investigation of hydraulic fitting losses

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 02011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Bojko ◽  
Milada Kozubková
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Resistance Coefficients

Fluid flow in hydraulic systems, fittings, and piping causes hydraulic losses due to the change of flow direction and friction in the fluid. The main consequence of the resulting losses is the increase in the overall pressure gradient of the circuit. The paper is focused on the investigation of valve losses and the determination of resistance coefficients, the definition of which depends on the valve type. Methods of determination are of two types, i.e. experimental methods and mathematical methods. In the case of experimental methods, the procedures prescribed by the standards and regulations must be respected. Mathematical methods are related to defining an appropriate mathematical model and numerical approach. Both methods are applied to the ball valve and model verification is performed at the same time. The output of the thesis is the methodology for determination of resistance coefficients of valves with other diameters and other flowing media based on verified mathematical modeling.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DE UM LISÍMETRO DE PESAGEM HIDRÁULICA COM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE LEITURA

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Henrique Cardoso do Nascimento ◽  
Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro ◽  
Joao Audifax Cézar de Albuquerque Filho ◽  
Ênio Farias de França e Silva ◽  
NADIELAN DA SILVA LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Reading System ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Weighing Lysimeter

DESEMPENHO DE UM LISÍMETRO DE PESAGEM HIDRÁULICA COM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE LEITURA  ANTÔNIO HENRIQUE CARDOSO DO NASCIMENTO1; SUZANA MARIA GICO LIMA MONTENEGRO2; JOÃO AUDIFAX CÉSAR DE ALBUQUERQUE FILHO3; ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA E SILVA3 E NADIELAN DA SILVA LIMA3 1Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada – UAST. Avenida Gregório Ferraz Nogueira, S/N Bairro: José Tomé de Souza Ramos CEP: 56909-535 - Serra Talhada / PE. E-mail: [email protected] de Engenharia Civil/UFPE, Av. Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n. Cidade Universitária. CEP 50.740-530. Recife, PE. Fone: (81) 2126 7216. E-mail: [email protected] de Engenharia Agrícola/UFRPE. R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP 52.171-900, Recife, PE. Fone: (81) 3320-6264. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]  1 RESUMO A lisimetria de pesagem é reconhecidamente a melhor técnica para determinar a evapotranspiração das culturas, sendo adotada como metodologia padrão para servir de referência na avaliação de outros métodos e para calibrar modelos de estimativa da evapotranspiração em diferentes culturas. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com o trabalho analisar o desempenho de lisímetro de pesagem hidráulica por meio de calibrações ao longo de um ano e através de estimativas de erros de medidas utilizando dois sistemas de pesagem: um sistema automatizado e o outro com sistema de leitura manual. O trabalho foi conduzido em Recife, no campus da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, no litoral de Pernambuco. A metodologia empregada na instalação e na calibração do lisímetro foi adequada, com coeficiente de determinação de 0,99 na equação de calibração. A relação entre a variação de massa e resposta na voltagem da célula de carga e/ou leitura no manômetro do lisímetro é descrita adequadamente por modelo linear com mínima histerese. O lisímetro de pesagem hidráulica, independente do sistema de leitura, obteve excelente estabilidade, sensibilidade, resolução e exatidão, ao longo de um ano, detectando variações de massa devido à chuva, irrigações e evapotranspiração nos momentos de calibração e durante o ano, mostrando-se adequado para a estimativa de demanda hídrica. Palavras-chave: evapotranspiração de referência, leitura manual, leitura automática.  NASCIMENTO, A. H. C; MONTENEGRO, S. M. G. L.; ALBUQUERQUE FILHO, J. A. C.; SILVA, E. F. F.; LIMA, N. S.ANNUAL PERFORMANCE OF A weighing lysimeter HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT READING  2 ABSTRACT The weighing lysimeter is recognized as the best technique to estimate evapotranspiration of crops, being adopted as standard reference method in the evaluation of other methods and to calibrate models to estimate evapotranspiration from different crops. In this sense, the objective of the present work is to analyze lysimeter performance through calibrations over a year and through estimates of measurement errors using hydraulic weighing lysimeters with two weighing systems: an automated system and another system with manual reading. The work was conducted in Recife, in the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco ( 8°01'05" south latitude, 34°56'48" west longitude, at an altitude of 6,4m).The methodology used in the lysimeter installation and calibration was adequate, resulting in a coefficient of determination of 0.99 in the calibration equation. The relationship between weight change and response to the load voltage and / or reading on the lysimeter cell gauge  is adequately described by a linear model with minimal hysteresis. The hydraulic weighing lysimeter, independent of the reading system showed excellent stability, sensitivity , resolution and accuracy over a year having detected variations in mass due to rain, irrigation and evapotranspiration , being suitable for the estimation of water demand. Keywords: reference evapotranspiration, manual reading, automatic reading.

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