scholarly journals Numerical assessment of the vulnerability to impact erosion of a pump as turbine in a water supply system

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fecarotta Oreste ◽  
Messa Gianandrea Vittorio ◽  
Pugliese Francesco
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Operative Strategy ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Impact Erosion

Abstract Nowadays, the installation of pumps as turbines (PATs) in water supply systems (WSSs) is considered attractive because it is able to effectively combine the pressure regulation with the small-scale hydropower generation. One critical aspect concerns the behaviour of the PAT in the presence of solid particles in the flow which impinge against the inner surface of the device, producing a loss of material termed impact erosion. In this paper, the numerical assessment of PAT erosion is performed, by referring, as a case study, to an existing pressure control station in Southern Italy. The variable operative strategy (VOS) was applied to derive the frequency distribution of flow rates over the PAT operation, under the hypothesis of performing the hydraulic regulation of the hydropower plant. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Ansys Fluent was employed for simulating the liquid–solid flow inside the PAT and then coupled with an in-house code to estimate the erosion. The vulnerability of the PAT to wear was analysed by varying its flow rate, aiming at characterizing the decay of PAT components at a constant rotational speed. Finally, a detailed characterization of the PAT response to the particle impingement at its best efficiency point (BEP) was developed and discussed.

scholarly journals Mobile crowd participation to root small-scale piped water supply systems in India and Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mink ◽  
B. A. Hoque ◽  
S. Khanam ◽  
D. Van Halem
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Mobile Crowd

Abstract In the arsenic-contaminated Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta in India and Bangladesh, small-scale piped water supply seems a promising way to provide safe drinking water to households in the region. The use of smartphone applications can support monitoring of the system and enhance local engagement and empowerment. In this paper the scope for mobile crowd participation as a research and monitoring tool for piped water supply systems in Bihar, India and in Khulna and Chittagong, Bangladesh is investigated. In these areas, the use of smartphones and internet access are growing rapidly and smartphone applications would enable real-time water quality monitoring, payment of water bills, awareness creation, and a dialogue between the end-user and the water supplier. To identify the relevance and acceptability of piped water supply and smartphone monitoring, four surveys with potential end-users were conducted. Based on these surveys we conclude that in the investigated areas there is a desire for piped water systems, that households already own smartphones with internet access, and that there is an interest in smartphone monitoring. The enabling environment to deploy mobile crowd participation for piped water system monitoring stimulates further research towards an investigation of potential functionalities and the actual development of such an application.

scholarly journals The establishment and first experiences of a crisis advisory service for water supplies in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hyllestad ◽  
Vidar Lund ◽  
Karin Nygård ◽  
Preben Aavitsland ◽  
Line Vold
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
National Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Advisory Service ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Contamination Events ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Water supply systems, in particular small-scale water supply systems, are vulnerable to adverse events that may jeopardise safe drinking water. The consequences of contamination events or the failure of daily operations may be severe, affecting many people. In Norway, a 24-hour crisis advisory service was established in 2017 to provide advice on national water supplies. Competent and expert advisors from water suppliers throughout the country assist other water suppliers and individuals who may be in need of advice during an adverse event. This paper describes the establishment of this service and experiences from the first three years of its operation. Since the launch of the service, water suppliers across Norway have consulted it approximately one to two times a month for advice, in particular about contamination events and near misses. The outcomes have helped to improve guidance on water hygiene issues at the national level.

Frequency pressure regulation in water supply systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Halkijevic ◽  
Zivko Vukovic ◽  
Drazen Vouk
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
Variable Frequency Drives ◽  
Loss Control ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

In water supply systems, pressure management in most cases is proven to be the most cost-effective activity related to water loss control. As an advanced method of pressure control, it is possible to use variable frequency drives for centrifugal pump control. Pressure regulation can be performed with constant pressure or with proportional pressure control. The application of proportional pressure control is particularly applicable in water supply systems as the operating pump performance is constantly adapting the pressure to the actual demand. Along with lower leakage losses, it also results in lower energy consumption and the elimination of non-stationary phenomena, thereby extending the pump lifetime. Therefore, the paper presents a theoretical discussion of the proportional pressure control. Possible savings are shown on the numerical example of water supply system of the city of Velika Gorica.

Clean power in water supply systems as a sustainable solution: from planning to practical implementation

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Ramos ◽  
M. Mello ◽  
P. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Supply Systems

Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources have drawn a greater attention by EU, in particular for climate change policies as it can substantially cut down CO2 emissions to meet EU environmental obligations. It is well established that in drinking pipe systems Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV) are used as a mean for excess energy dissipation for the purpose of pressure control. This type of solution can be adopted, as a mitigation method to control the system losses, in particular, the available overload, which must have to be dissipated to avoid leakage or rupture occurrence in the pipe system. The use of micro-hydro systems seems to provide a better approach as a sustainable solution in terms of controlling the system pressure as well as to provide a non-negligible income by producing clean energy. Computational simulations, experimental research and engineering project development are carried out to analyse and compare the hydraulic system behaviour between a PRV and a pump working as a turbine (PT). This research creates an important challenge for seasonal stabilization of the energy supply by using water supply systems, due to the stochastic nature of river-hydro resources.

scholarly journals Method of evaluation of efficiency improvement potential for water supply systems with focus on variable speed centrifugal pumps

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-553
Author(s):  
D. Pilscikovs ◽  
E. Dzelzitis
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Improvement Potential ◽  
Supply Systems

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The goal of this research is the derivation of the method for evaluation of efficiency improvement potential for public water supply systems with a focus on centrifugal network pumps. The efficiency of proportional pressure control usage has been analyzed for variable speed pumps. It has been done if proportional pressure control is used in comparison with constant pressure control mode. For this reason, energy calculation analyses have been realized for variable speed centrifugal pumps, and the theoretical tool of estimation of the efficiency improvement potential for public water supply systems has been derived. The conclusions are as follows: (1) it has been found that 1110 MWh of annually consumed electrical energy can be saved up, if the control mode of variable speed network pumps will be changed from constant pressure to proportional pressure control mode with the deviation of 20% from head value of duty point at zero flow; (2) about 13 MWh of annually consumed electrical energy can be saved up, if the proportional pressure control mode with the deviation of 15% will be changed to the deviation of 20%; (3) totally about 1123 MWh or 1.12 GWh (14% of the annually consumed electrical energy by variable speed network pumps) can be saved up in small public water supply systems in Latvia.</p>

Способ управления давлением в системе водоснабжения

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khadeev
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Minimum Flow ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Pumping Stations

Предложен способ управления напором в сети при работе насосных станций второго подъема. Устройство состоит из асимметричного планетарного дифференциала, соединенного с электроиндукционной силовой муфтой скольжения. Способ позволяет сохранить максимальный коэффициент полезного действия насоса и обеспечить экономичность его работы во всем диапазоне регулирования. Устройство регулятора напора в сети можно оценить, сравнив расчетную величину его коэффициента полезного действия, который составляет не менее 94 для минимальных значений расхода, при которых регулирование сильно затруднено. При оптимальных расходах системы ощутимые потери отсутствуют. Синхронный электродвигатель наиболее устойчив к перегрузкам, а при минимальных расходах обеспечивает необходимый напор, потребляя минимальное количество электроэнергии и сохраняя при этом свои номинальные обороты. Механизм был реализован в моделях и подтверждает заявленные параметры. Пока такая схема регулирования не была апробирована на реальных объектах, и не исследованы ее технико-экономические параметры. Она может быть применена в системах регулирования напора городской линии водоснабжения, в системах регулирования на предприятиях и в установках индивидуального обеспечения водой в частном доме.A method for pressure control in the network during the operation of pumping stations of the second elevation is proposed. The device consists of an asymmetric planetary differential connected to an eddy-current slip clutch. The method provides for maintaining the maximum efficiency and economic operation of the pump in the entire regulating range. The design of the pressure regulator in the network can be estimated by comparing the calculated efficiency value that is at least 94 for the minimum flow rates whereby the regulation is very difficult. At the optimal flow rates in the system there are no tangible losses. The synchronous electric motor is most resistant to overloads while at the minimum flow rates it provides for the required pressure consuming the minimum amount of electricity and at the same time maintaining the rated rpm. The mechanism was implemented in models and proved the claimed parameters. The presented control scheme neither has been approbated at existing facilities, nor its technical and economic parameters have been investigated, so far. It can be used in pressure control systems of a municipal water supply system, in control systems at industrial enterprises and in individual water supply systems in private houses.

scholarly journals Preliminary Development of a Method for Impact Erosion Prediction in Pumps Running as Turbines

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Oreste Fecarotta ◽  
Gianandrea Vittorio Messa ◽  
Francesco Pugliese ◽  
Armando Carravetta ◽  
Stefano Malavasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Erosion Prediction ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Impact Erosion

In this paper preliminary results of the numerical assessment of PAT erosion, caused by the impingement of solid particles in the water flow, are provided and discussed. A CFD model was developed by the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II to investigate the fluid dynamics of a PAT and coupled with the in-house E-CODE developed by the Politecnico di Milano for wear estimation. The erosion simulations were performed to assess the wear of PAT components, namely inlet, impeller, volute and outlet pipe, for abrasive particles with different size, aiming at estimating the relation between the fluid dynamics of the slurry flow and the development of the erosion process.

Small Turbine Unit Replacing Reducing Valve in Water Supply Systems of Hydropower Plants

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Dakai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Turbine Unit ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
High Head ◽  
Supply Systems

This paper is on the selection of the type of a small turbine unit, which can replace the reducer and stabilize the operation in water supply systems of hydropower plants. In high-head large-sized plants, a small turbine unit can be adopted as pressure relief installation, converting the energy of water into electric power. At the same time, a stable water pressure can be achieved for the water system at the exit. In this paper, a hydropower plant is taken as an example. This scheme is suitable for the main water supply system and its operation is simpler than the pump system. The present study is of practical value to many high-head plants.

Energy recovery potential using micro hydropower in water supply networks in the UK and Ireland

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Corcoran ◽  
Paul Coughlan ◽  
Aonghus McNabola
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
The Uk

The supply and treatment of water is a highly energy intensive process, resulting in large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions as well as incurring large economic costs. Both governments and water service providers worldwide recognise the need for more sustainable water supply systems. In recent years, the use of hydropower turbines within water supply networks has been shown as a viable option for electricity generation. Energy can be recovered in water supply networks at locations of excessively high flow or pressure without loss in the level of service to consumers. The control of pressure to prevent burst pipes and to maintain a reliable water supply service is a top priority for water service providers. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the potential of hydropower energy recovery within water distribution systems in the UK and Ireland. Pressure and flow data were analysed to determine the extent of the potential for energy recovery. The effect of flow rate variation on turbine selection and efficiency was investigated, as well as investment payback period. It was concluded that the sustainability of water supply can be improved through the implementation of small-scale hydropower turbines within water supply networks.

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