Biosand water filters for floating villages in Cambodia: safe water does not prevent recontamination

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
K. D. Curry ◽  
M. Morgan ◽  
S. H. Peang ◽  
S. Seang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Risk ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Water Filters

Water for Cambodia used biosand filters (BSFs) to provide microbiologically safe drinking water for people in Moat Khla floating village in 2010 and 2011. All 189 families use the lake, which by World Health Organization (WHO) standards is deemed unsafe for drinking water. Surveys from December 2010 to February 2011 compared 40 families using BSFs and 40 families not using BSFs. Over 92% of BSF households and 90% of non-BSF households were using high-risk lake source water (>100 colonies Escherichia coli/100 mL). Only 2.5% of BSF households had filtered water with bacteria in the high-risk range and only 5% of these 40 households showed recontamination in their storage water. Forty percent of non-BSF households had high-risk bacteria levels in their stored water, and most used no treatment. Storage water for non-BSF families showed a significant reduction in mean log10E. coli levels compared to their lake source water. Stored water for non-BSF families showed recontamination even for UV-treated water and boiled river water. Recontamination occurs in both groups but is much less for BSF households highlighting the value of proper storage containers used by BSF households and the need for water and sanitation education for floating villages in Cambodia.

scholarly journals A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Yaw Massey ◽  
Fei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Microcystins (MCs) classified as hepatotoxic and carcinogenic are the most commonly reported cyanobacterial toxins found in the environment. Microcystis sp. possessing a series of MC synthesis genes (mcyA-mcyJ) are well documented for their excessive abundance, numerous bloom occurrences and MC producing capacity. About 246 variants of MC which exert severe animal and human health hazards through the inhibition of protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) have been characterized. To minimize and prevent MC health consequences, the World Health Organization proposed 1 µg/L MC guidelines for safe drinking water quality. Further the utilization of bacteria that represent a promising biological treatment approach to degrade and remove MC from water bodies without harming the environment has gained global attention. Thus the present review described toxic effects and bacterial degradation of MCs.

scholarly journals Determination of Heavy elements in Drinking Water from Different Regions of Baghdad City (Iraq) Using EDXRF Spectrometer

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Muhanad H. Alrakabi ◽  
Esraa S. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Health Organization

It was calculated the average concentrations of elements manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead in the sixteen samples of drinking water (tap water), were collected from different areas in the Baghdad city. The Results indicated that the average of concentrations of the elements Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni and Cd (0.44ppm, 0.49ppm, 0.04ppm, 0.17ppm and 1.2ppm respectively) higher than permissible limit while the concentrations of elements Cu and Zn (0.11ppm and 0.14ppm respectively) were lower than the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) standards (1ppm and 3ppm) respectively for drinking water and the concentration of Arsenic in the nuclear lab sample in college of sciences - Mustansiriyah University was higher than permissible limit. All the drinking water samples were analyzed and determined the physical and chemical properties such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The highest value was (1064μS/cm) in Al-Tuwaitha sample and the lowest value (531μS/cm) in Al-Sadr City (Sector 7) sample for the Electrical Conductivity. The pH values ranged from (7.0-8.2). The average levels of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), the highest value was 550 mg/L in the Diyala Bridge sample while the lowest value 276mg/L in Al-Sadr City (Sector 7) sample. The results were compared with national and international standards, and it’s also showed that the values of the parameters within the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) standards, except the Electrical Conductivity values for some samples were higher than permissible limit. According to these results, all the water projects must be monitored as well as using the proper and modern techniques for treatment the drinking water.

scholarly journals Assessment of drinking water contamination in food stalls of Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Rahman Shaibur ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain ◽  
Shirina Khatun ◽  
F. K. Sayema Tanzia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the quality of drinking water supplied in different types of food stalls in Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh. A total of 35 water samples were collected from different tea stalls, street side fast food stalls, normal restaurants and well-furnished restaurants. The water quality was evaluated by determining the distinct physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results revealed that the water used in the food stalls and restaurants for drinking purpose was in desired quality in terms of turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), phosphate (PO43−), chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations. The values were within the permissible limit proposed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Health Organization. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) found in several samples were higher than the World Health Organization standard. Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Only 46% exceeded the permissible limit of Bangladesh Bureau Statistics. The threatening result was that the samples were contaminated by fecal coliform, indicating that the people of Jashore Municipality may have a greater chance of being affected by pathogenic bacteria. The drinking water provided in the street side fast food stalls was biologically contaminated. The findings demonstrate that the drinking water used in food stalls and restaurants of Jashore Municipality did not meet up the potable drinking water quality standards and therefore was detrimental to public health.

scholarly journals Classification Maps for TDS Concentrations in the GIS Along Euphrates River, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Chabuk ◽  
Zahraa Ali Hammood ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Salwan Ali Abed ◽  
Jan Laue
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dissolved Salts

AbstractIraq currently undergoing the problem of water shortage, although Iraq has two Rivers (Euphrates and Tigris) pass throughout most of its areas, and they have represented a major source of water supply. In the current research, to evaluate the quality of the Euphrates river in Iraq based on the values of total dissolved salts (TDS), the TDS concentrations were collected from sixteen sections along the river in the three succeeding years (2011, 2012, and 2013). The evaluation of the river was done depending on the classification of (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland). of rivers for drinking uses. Inverse Distance Weighting Technique (IDWT) as a tool in the GIS was employed to establish the maps of the river that using interpolation/prediction for the TDS concentrations to each selected year and the average values of TDS for these 3 years. Based on the five categories of rivers’ classification of the TDS concentrations according to the (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland), the Euphrates river was classified, and the maps of classification for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 and the average values for 3 years were created. The average values for 3 years of TDS along the Euphrates river indicated that the sections from SC-1 to SC-4 as moderate-water-quality-Category-3, the sections from SC-5 to SC-10 as poor-water-quality-Category-4, while the sections between SC-11 to SC-16 as very poor-water-quality-Category-5. The interpolation maps showed that the Euphrates river in Iraq was ranged from moderate water quality (Category-3) to very poor water quality (Category-5).

Protecting health from metal exposures in drinking water

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret-Ann Armour
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Determinant ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractDrinking water is essential to us as human beings. According to the World Health Organization “The quality of drinking-water is a powerful environmental determinant of health” (

scholarly journals Protecting healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection: practical indications

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (155) ◽  
pp. 200068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ferioli ◽  
Cecilia Cisternino ◽  
Valentina Leo ◽  
Lara Pisani ◽  
Paolo Palange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Noninvasive Ventilation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Devices

The World Health Organization has recently defined the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection a pandemic. The infection, that may cause a potentially very severe respiratory disease, now called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has airborne transmission via droplets. The rate of transmission is quite high, higher than common influenza. Healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting the infection particularly when applying respiratory devices such as oxygen cannulas or noninvasive ventilation. The aim of this article is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the correct use of “respiratory devices” in the COVID-19 emergency and protect healthcare workers from contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals World Health Organization Discontinues Its Drinking-Water Guideline for Manganese

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth H. Frisbie ◽  
Erika J. Mitchell ◽  
Hannah Dustin ◽  
Donald M. Maynard ◽  
Bibudhendra Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drinking Water Guideline
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