Dry sanitation concepts with inspiration from nature

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Lenau ◽  
Thomas Hesselberg
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Biomimetic Design ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Water Based ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Made In

Poor sanitation is a major problem for health and water resources in many developing countries. Inexpensive but also attractive toilets could be a way to fight these problems. However, radical new ideas are needed to identify innovative solutions. Such novel ideas might be found by using systematic design methods that search nature for animals and plants that solve similar problems. The paper describes how four conceptual sanitation solutions for dry toilets solving problems with smell, cleaning and flies can be made in collaboration between a design engineer and a biologist using biomimetic design methods. The solutions have the potential to offer significant improvements compared to conventional non-water-based sanitation.

Section 4.a Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia PIZZOCARO ◽  
Pınar KAYGAN ◽  
HARMAN Kerry ◽  
Erik BOHEMIA
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Design Council

Co-design is a process in which designers and users collaborate as ‘equals’ to develop innovative solutions. Co-design methods are increasingly used by professional designers to facilitate and enable users to co-develop innovative solutions for ‘themselves’. For example, the Design Council is advocating the use of co-design methods to support the development of practical innovative solutions to social problems such as increased cost of elderly care and tackling child poverty. The involvement of users in developing solutions acknowledges that their take up is dependent on the ways users create and negotiate meanings of objects and services.

Perspective of Water Resources in Japan and in the World

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Tamon Ishibashi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World

Recently, problems of water shortage are becoming global in both developed and developing countries. This is due to tremendous population increases and also urbanization and industrialization. In this paper, countermeasures for future water shortages are described.

Mobile to Fuel Explosive Ecommerce Growthin india

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Yadav ◽  
Pranjeet Das ◽  
Ravi Kumar Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Is Security ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Made In

E-commerce is process of doing business through computer networks. Advances in wireless network technology and the continuously increasing number of users of mobile latter on make an ideal platform for offering various high utilityservices in just a snap of a finger to the mobile users and give pace to the rapid development of E-Commerce in India.E-commerce is considered an excellent alternative for companies to reach new customersbut the fact that has hindered the growth of e-commerce is security. Security is the challenge facing e-commerce today and there is still a lot of advancement made in the field of securityfor increasing the use of e-commerce in developing countries the B2B e-commerce is implemented for improving access to global markets for firms in developing countries. With the special characteristics and constraints of mobile terminals and wireless networks and the context, situations and circumstances that people use their hand-held terminalswhich will ultimately fuel explosive ecommerce growth in India This paper highlights the various key challenges and opportunities which Indian e-commerce industry may face in the upcoming years. And also discuss challenges in electronic commerce transactions.

Wilde and the Emergence of Literary Drama, 1880–1895

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. E. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Greek Drama ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Made In ◽  
Performance Text

This chapter examines Wilde’s championship of serious theatre and the authentic performance text by analysing his reviews of the first so-called ‘archaeological’ productions of Greek plays and Shakespeare. It offers a wider context in which to understand the rapidity of his disaffection with Greek plays, as practised among the social elite; and it suggests some ways in which his early enthusiasm for authentic Greek drama and Shakespeare is related to his own later classically informed playwriting, which combines old ideas of theatre as about and for its audiences with new ideas of drama as the appreciation of a literary object. Wilde’s own work as a dramatist straddled that change, prefigured by a comment he made in 1885: ‘An audience looks at a tragedian, but a comedian looks at his audience.’ He combines both these directions of gaze in his 1895 play The Importance of Being Earnest.

An Update on Improved Flange Design Methods

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Brown
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Design Improvement ◽  
Panel Session ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
Made In

This paper details further progress made in the PVRC project “Development of Improved Flange Design Method for the ASME VIII, Div.2 Rewrite Project” presented during the panel session on flange design at the 2006 PVP conference in Vancouver. The major areas of flange design improvement indicated by that project are examined and the suggested solutions for implementing the improved methods into the Code are discussed. Further analysis on aspects such as gasket creep and the use of leakage-based design has been conducted. Shortcomings in the proposed ASME flange design method (ASME BFJ) and current CEN flange design methods (EN-1591) are highlighted and methods for resolution of these issues are suggested.

scholarly journals Analysing inter-relationships among water, governance, human development variables in developing countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 3791-3816 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dondeynaz ◽  
C. Carmona Moreno ◽  
J. J. Céspedes Lorente
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Discussion Section

Abstract. The "Integrated Water Resources Management" principle was formally laid down at the International Conference on Water and Sustainable development in Dublin 1992. One of the main results of this conference is that improving Water and Sanitation Services (WSS), being a complex and interdisciplinary issue, passes through collaboration and coordination of different sectors (environment, health, economic activities, governance, and international cooperation). These sectors influence or are influenced by the access to WSS. The understanding of these interrelations appears as crucial for decision makers in the water sector. In this framework, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) has developed a new database (WatSan4Dev database) containing 42 indicators (called variables in this paper) from environmental, socio-economic, governance and financial aid flows data in developing countries. This paper describes the development of the WatSan4Dev dataset, the statistical processes needed to improve the data quality, and finally, the analysis to verify the database coherence is presented. Based on 25 relevant variables, the relationships between variables are described and organised into five factors (HDP – Human Development against Poverty, AP – Human Activity Pressure on water resources, WR – Water Resources, ODA – Official Development Aid, CEC – Country Environmental Concern). Linear regression methods are used to identify key variables having influence on water supply and sanitation. First analysis indicates that the informal urbanisation development is an important factor negatively influencing the percentage of the population having access to WSS. Health, and in particular children's health, benefits from the improvement of WSS. Irrigation is also enhancing Water Supply service thanks to multi-purpose infrastructure. Five country profiles are also created to deeper understand and synthetize the amount of information gathered. This new classification of countries is useful in identifying countries with a less advanced position and weaknesses to be tackled. The relevance of indicators gathered to represent environmental and water resources state is questioned in the discussion section. The paper concludes with the necessity to increase the reliability of current indicators and calls for further research on specific indicators, in particular on water quality at national scale, in order to better include environmental state in analysis to WSS.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN PEMBANGUNAN BENDUNGAN WAY SEKAMPUNG, LAMPUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Mirza Nirwansyah ◽  
Cecep Kusmana ◽  
Eriyatno Eriyatno ◽  
M.Yanuar J. Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
Multi Dimensional Scaling

The availability of water resources provides many benefits for the welfare of all human being. The Decrease of the availability of water resources is caused by various reasons, including as environmental damage of catchment area, human activities, land conversion, and the issue of global warming. The problems caused an increase in floods and droughts. Dam development can reduce the risk of flood and drought through a reservoir operation by using less water during rainy season and using much water during dry season. The sustainability of water resources in Way Sekampung can be identified by three main indicators, which are ecology, economic, and sosio-cultural by using the MDS (Multi Dimensional Scaling) analysis, There are two item become the focus of this research i.e. sedimentation and water balance. These factors are considered as the most important factors in planning a dam. Operationally, this policy will be applied by supplying water based on demand, strengthening water resources institutions, improving infrastructure facilities and developing technology.

scholarly journals PARTICULATE MATTER: AN APPROACH TO AIR POLLUTION

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Olawale Abulude
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Made In

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the problems faced in environmental science. It has health effects on man and animals in both developed and developing countries. Research and efforts have been on it several years back. Policy statements and efforts have been published. This review paper is an added information on air pollution. In it, efforts were made in discussing these: classification, effects, methodology, case studies and source apportionment. It is hoped that this paper would contribute to existing knowledge on PM.

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