Temporal-spatial evolution patterns of the annual precipitation considering the climate change conditions in the Sanjiang Plain

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Tianxiao Li ◽  
Tienan Li ◽  
Heng Li
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Periodic Variation ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain

The wavelet theory, Mann-Kendall trend test and ArcGIS spatial analysis theory were used to analyze annual precipitation and mean temperature data that were collected at seven national weather stations in the Sanjiang Plain from 1956 to 2013 to identify the temporal-spatial patterns of annual precipitation changes caused by climate change conditions. The results showed that the climate in the Sanjiang Plain experienced a significant warming trend over the past 50 years, with the temperature increasing by 1.35 °C since the 1960s. Additionally, the precipitation also exhibited certain trend characteristics, which revealed a larger difference in different areas. The annual precipitation exhibited 23-year and 12-year periodic variation characteristics, and the period with above-average annual precipitation levels is expected to continue after 2013. The spatial distributions of the mean annual precipitation for different years were different, whereas the spatial distribution of the multi-year mean precipitation was relatively uniform. The annual variation amplitude of the annual precipitation in the central area was larger than that in the south. The overall inter-annual fluctuation of the annual precipitation was relatively small with a mostly normal distribution. The results can provide guidance for scientific investigations and the reasonable use of rainfall resources in the Sanjiang Plain.

scholarly journals Methane emissions associated with the conversion of marshland to cropland and climate change on the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China from 1950 to 2100

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5199-5215 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Li ◽  
Y. Huang ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
Y.-Q. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
The 1950S

Abstract. Wetland loss and climate change are known to alter regional and global methane (CH4) budgets. Over the last six decades, an extensive area of marshland has been converted to cropland on the Sanjiang Plain in northeast China, and a significant increase in air temperature has also been observed there, while the impacts on regional CH4 budgets remain uncertain. Through model simulation, we estimated the changes in CH4 emissions associated with the conversion of marshland to cropland and climate change in this area. Model simulations indicated a significant reduction of 1.1 Tg yr−1 (0.7–1.8 Tg yr−1) from the 1950s to the 2000s in regional CH4 emissions. The cumulative reduction of CH4 from 1960 to 2009 was estimated to be ~36 Tg (24–57 Tg) relative to the 1950s, and marshland conversion and the climate contributed 86% and 14% of this change, respectively. Interannual variation in precipitation (linear trend with P > 0.2) contributed to yearly fluctuations in CH4 emissions, but the relatively lower amount of precipitation over the period 1960–2009 (47 mm yr−1 lower on average than in the 1950s) contributed ~91% of the reduction in the area-weighted CH4 flux. Global warming at a rate of 0.3 ° per decade (P < 0.001) has increased CH4 emissions significantly since the 1990s. Relative to the mean of the 1950s, the warming-induced increase in the CH4 flux has averaged 19 kg ha−1 yr−1 over the last two decades. In the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 scenarios of the fifth IPCC assessment report (AR5), the CH4 fluxes are predicted to increase by 36%, 52%, 78% and 95%, respectively, by the 2080s compared to 1961–1990 in response to climate warming and wetting.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrology of the Upper Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Nega Chalie Emiru ◽  
John Walker Recha ◽  
Julian R. Thompson ◽  
Abrham Belay ◽  
Ermias Aynekulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Trend Test

This study investigated the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia. A soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated against observed streamflow using SWAT CUP. The Mann–Kendall trend test (MK) was used to assess climate trends. Meteorological drought (SPEI) and hydrological drought (SDI) were also investigated. Based on the ensemble mean of five global climate models (GCMs), projected increases in mean annual maximum temperature over the period 2015–2100 (compared with a 1983–2014 baseline) range from 1.16 to 1.73 °C, while increases in minimum temperature range between 0.79 and 2.53 °C. Increases in mean annual precipitation range from 1.8% at Addis Ababa to 45.5% over the Hombole area. High streamflow (Q5) declines at all stations except Ginchi. Low flows (Q90) also decline with Q90 equaling 0 m3s−1 (i.e., 100% reduction) at some gauging stations (Akaki and Hombole) for individual GCMs. The SPEI confirmed a significant drought trend in the past, while the frequency and severity of drought will increase in the future. The basin experienced conditions that varied from modest dry periods to a very severe hydrological drought between 1986 and 2005. The projected SDI ranges from modestly dry to modestly wet conditions. Climate change in the basin would enhance seasonal variations in hydrological conditions. Both precipitation and streamflow will decline in the wet seasons and increase in the dry seasons. These changes are likely to have an impact on agricultural activities and other human demands for water resources throughout the basin and will require the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Climatic Rather than Edaphic Variables Determine Leaf C, N, P Stoichiometry of Deciduous Quercus Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutong Lin ◽  
Yuan Lai ◽  
Songbo Tang ◽  
Zhangfen Qin ◽  
Jianfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Elemental Stoichiometry ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Edaphic Variables ◽  
Leaf P

Abstract Purpose Leaf elemental stoichiometry is indicative of plant nutrient limitation, community composition, ecosystem function. Understanding the variations of leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry at genus-level across large geographic regions and identifying their driving factors are important to predict species’ distribution range shifts affected by climate change.MethodsHere, we determined the patterns of leaf concentrations ([ ]) and ratios ( / ) of C, N, P of five deciduous oaks species (Quercus) across China covering ~ 20 latitude (~21–41˚ N) and longitude (~99–119˚ E) degrees, and detected their relationships with climatic, edaphic variables. ResultsLeaf [C], [N] and N/P, C/P significantly increased, while leaf [P] and C/N decreased with the increasing latitude. Leaf stoichiometry except for leaf [C] had no significant trends along the longitude. Climatic variables, i.e. mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, the maximum temperature of the warmest month, temperature seasonality, aridity index, and the potential evapo-transpiration were the determinants of the geographic patterns of leaf C, N, P stoichiometry. The mean annual precipitation and the maximum temperature of the warmest month indirectly regulated leaf C/N, C/P and N/P via altering leaf [P]. Edaphic variables had non-significant effects on leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry at the broad geographic range.ConclusionsClimatic variables have more important effects than edaphic properties on leaf C, N, P stoichiometry of the studied deciduous Quercus species, which imply the ongoing climate change will alter nutrient strategies and potentially shift the distribution range of this eurytopic species.

scholarly journals Modeling of the additive biomass structure of Pinus L. stands in climatic gradients of Eurasia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.А. Усольцев ◽  
И.С. Цепордей ◽  
А.А. Осмирко ◽  
В.Ф. Ковязин ◽  
В.П. Часовских ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Biomass Equation ◽  
Additive Structure ◽  
Biomass Structure

Биомасса лесов является ключевой экосистемной составляющей и важным компонентом глобального углеродного цикла. Разработка моделей биомассы, чувствительных к изменению климата, ведется сегодня на уровнях как древостоев, так и модельных деревьев. Однако все текущие исследования подобного рода выполняются в пределах ограниченных экорегионов. Сформированная авторами база данных о биомассе насаждений подрода Pinus L., произрастающего в Евразии, в количестве 2460 пробных площадей использована в качестве основы для выявления трансконтинентальных закономерностей. Предпринята первая попытка разработать гармонизированную по структуре биомассы модель аддитивной по фракционному составу биомассы насаждений двухвойных сосен, изменяющейся по трансевразийским гидротермическим градиентам, а именно, по среднегодовым осадкам и средней январской температуре воздуха. Гармонизация обеспечена аддитивностью фракционного состава, когда суммарная биомасса стволов, ветвей, хвои и корней, полученная по «фракционным» уравнениям, равняется значению биомассы, полученной по общему уравнению. Показано, что в холодных климатических поясах увеличение осадков приводит к снижению биомассы большинства фракций, а в теплых – к ее увеличению. Соответственно во влагообеспеченных районах повышение температуры вызывает увеличение биомассы, а в засушливых – ее снижение. Геометрическая интерпретация полученной модели представлена «пропеллеро-образной» поверхностью, что согласуется с аналогичными закономерностями, ранее установленными в России на локальном и региональном уровнях. Предложенная модель аддитивной структуры биомассы сосновых древостоев дает возможность прогнозировать изменение структуры биомассы, связанное с одновременным повышением или понижением температуры января и годичных осадков. Forest biomass is a key ecosystem part and an important component of the global carbon cycle. Modelling of biomass, sensitive to climate change, is fulfiled up-to-date at levels as forest stands and sample trees. However, all current studies of this matter are carried out within limited ecoregions. The database on forest biomass of the subgenus Pinus L. in Eurasia in a number of 2460 sample plots compiled by the authors is the basis for revealing transcontinental regularities. The first attempt is made to develop a biomass structure model harmonized by means of additive component composition algorithm describing biomass change in trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients, namely, mean annual precipitation and mean January air temperature. Additivity of biomass component composition means that the total of biomass components (stems, branches, foliage, roots) derived from component equations is equal to the result obtained using the common biomass equation. It is stated that in cold climatic zones any increase in precipitation leads to corresponding decrease in the biomass values, but in warm zones – to its increase. In wet areas, the rise in temperature causes an increase of biomass values, but in arid areas – their reductions. Geometric view of this model represented by a «propeller-shaped» surface is consistent with the results, formerly revealed by the other authors in Russia on local and regional levels. The proposed transcontinental model of additive structure of forest biomass gives a possibility to predict the change of biomass structure in relation to simultaneous increase or decrease of January temperature and annual precipitation. The development of such models for basic forest-forming species grown in Eurasia enables to forecast any changes in the biological productivity of forest cover of Eurasia in relation to climate change.

scholarly journals The Effect of Climate Change on Variations in Dew Amount in a Paddy Ecosystem of the Sanjiang Plain, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Xu ◽  
Baixing Yan ◽  
Jie Tang
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Paddy Ecosystem ◽  
Dew Amount

Due to global warming, a drying and warming trend has been observed over the last 50 years in the Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province, China, which could significantly affect the condensation of vapor in paddy ecosystems. Dew is a crucial factor in the water and nutrient cycling of farmland ecosystems, and it exerts an important influence on fertilization and other agricultural activities. In order to reveal the effects of global warming on dew variation in a paddy ecosystem, anin situexperiment was conducted in paddy fields in the Sanjiang Plain during the growing seasons of 2011 to 2013. Dew was collected and measured with a poplar stick. The results of correlation analysis between meteorological factors and dew intensity in the paddy ecosystem indicate that the dew point temperature and relative humidity significantly influenced the dew intensity. Based on synchronous meteorological data, a stepwise linear multivariation regression model was established to predict dew amount. The model successfully interpreted the relationship between simulated and measured dew intensity. The results suggest that a warmer and drier climate would lead to a reduction in dew amount because water cannot condense when relative humidity falls below 71%.

scholarly journals Recent Changes in Temperature and Precipitation of the Summer and Autumn Seasons over Fujian Province, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Ma ◽  
Qinyu Guo ◽  
Feiyue Yang ◽  
Huiling Chen ◽  
Wenqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Variation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Seasonal Oscillation ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Major Cycle

Based on the observation data of daily temperature and precipitation in summer and autumn of 68 representative meteorological stations in Fujian Province from 1971 to 2018, using the climate Tendency Rate, Mann-Kendall trend test, Morlet wavelet analysis and other methods, this paper analyzes the variation trends of air temperature and annual precipitation and the wavelet periodic variation characteristics of annual precipitation time series in summer and autumn of Fujian Province over a period of approximately 48 years. The results show that over the approximately 48 years, the temperature and precipitation in summer and autumn in Fujian showed an obvious upward trend, which had a mutation around 2000, but the mutation time was different, and the precipitation was slightly earlier. The annual temperature and precipitation in summer and autumn experienced three oscillations on the 28a scale. In the 28a time scale of summer autumn seasonal oscillation, there are three negative centers and two positive centers. According to the characteristics of annual average temperature and annual precipitation in the first major cycle, the annual precipitation in summer and autumn will continue to increase in the future.

scholarly journals Assessing hydrological sensitivity of grassland basins in the Canadian Prairies to climate using a basin classification–based virtual modelling approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Spence ◽  
Zhihua He ◽  
Kevin R. Shook ◽  
Balew A. Mekonnen ◽  
John W. Pomeroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hydrological Sensitivity ◽  
Virtual Modeling

Abstract. Significant challenges from changes in climate and land-use face sustainable water use in the Canadian Prairies ecozone. The region has experienced significant warming since the mid 20th Century, and continued warming of an additional 2 °C by 2050 is expected. This paper aims to enhance understanding of climate controls on Prairie basin hydrology through numerical model experiments. It approaches this by developing a basin classification–based virtual modeling framework for a portion of the Prairie region, and applying the modelling framework to investigate the hydrological sensitivity of one Prairie basin class (High Elevation Grasslands) to changes in climate. High Elevation Grasslands dominate much of central and southern Alberta and parts of southwestern Saskatchewan with outliers in eastern Saskatchewan and western Manitoba. The experiments revealed that High Elevation Grasslands snowpacks are highly sensitive to changes in climate, but that this varies geographically. Spring maximum snow water equivalent in grasslands decreases 8% per degree °C of warming. Climate scenario simulations indicated a 2 °C increase in temperature requires at least an increase of 20% in mean annual precipitation for there to be enough additional snowfall to compensate for enhanced melt losses. The sensitivity in runoff is less linear and varies substantially across the study domain; simulations using 6 °C of warming and a 30% increase in mean annual precipitation yields simulated decreases in annual runoff of 40% in climates of the western Prairie but 55% increases in climates of eastern portions. These results can be used to identify those areas of the region that are most sensitive to climate change, and highlight focus areas for monitoring and adaptation. The results also demonstrate how a basin classification–based virtual modeling framework can be applied to evaluate regional scale impacts of climate change with relatively high spatial resolution, in a robust, effective and efficient manner.

scholarly journals Dynamic response of the vegetation carbon storage in the sanjiang plain to changes in land use/cover and climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Li ◽  
Yi Qu ◽  
Xingyu Zeng ◽  
Hongqiang Zhang ◽  
Ling Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Carbon Density ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Carbon Storage

AbstractLarge-scale human activities especially the destruction of forest land, grassland, and unused land result in a large amount of carbon release into the atmosphere and cause drastic changes in land use/cover in the Sanjiang Plain. As a climate change-sensitive and ecologically vulnerable area, the Sanjiang Plain ecosystem’s carbon cycle is affected by significant climate change. Therefore, it is important that studying the impact of the changes in land use/cover and climate on vegetation carbon storage in the Sanjiang Plain. Remote sensing, temperature, and precipitation data in four periods from 2001 to 2015 are used as bases in conducting an analysis of land use/cove types and spatio-temporal variation of vegetation carbon density and carbon storage in growing season using model and related analysis methods. Moreover, the impact of land use/cover change and climate change on vegetation carbon density and carbon storage is discussed. The findings are as follows. (1) Cultivated land in the Sanjiang Plain increased, while forest land, grassland and unused land generally decreased. (2) Vegetation carbon density increased, in which the average carbon density of cultivated land, grassland, and unused land varied insignificantly, while that of forest land increased continuously from 4.18 kg C/m2 in 2001 to 7.65 kg C/m2 in 2015. Vegetation carbon storage increased from 159.18 Tg C in 2001 to 256.83 Tg C in 2015, of which vegetation carbon storage of forest land contributed 94% and 97%, respectively. (3) Conversion of land use/cover types resulted in a 22.76-TgC loss of vegetation carbon storage. Although the forest land area decreased by 3389.5 km2, vegetation carbon storage in the research area increased by 97.65 Tg C owing to the increase of forest carbon density. (4) Pixel-by-pixel analysis showed that vegetation carbon storage in the majority of the areas of the Sanjiang Plain are negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with precipitation. The results showed that changes of land use/cover types and vegetation carbon density directly lead to a change in vegetation carbon storage, with the change of forest vegetation carbon density being the main driver affecting vegetation carbon storage variation. The increase of temperature mainly suppresses the vegetation carbon density, and the increase of precipitation mainly promotes it.

Stable isotope ecology of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. G. DeSantis ◽  
C. Hedberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Climate Variables

Australia has undergone significant climate change, both today and in the past. Koalas, due to their restricted diet of predominantly eucalyptus leaves and limited drinking behaviour may serve as model organisms for assessing past climate change via stable isotopes of tooth enamel. Here, we assess whether stable carbon and oxygen isotopes from tooth enamel record known climate variables, including proxies of relative aridity (e.g. mean annual precipitation, mean annual maximum temperature, and relative humidity). The results demonstrate significant negative relationships between oxygen isotope values and both relative humidity and mean annual precipitation, proxies for relative aridity. The best model for predicting enamel oxygen isotope values incorporates mean annual precipitation and modelled oxygen isotope values of local precipitation. These data and the absence of any relationship between modelled oxygen isotope precipitation values, independently, suggest that koalas do not track local precipitation values but instead record relative aridity. The lack of significant relationships between carbon isotopes and climate variables suggests that koalas may instead be tracking the density of forests and/or their location in the canopy. Collectively, these data suggest that koalas are model organisms for assessing relative aridity over time – much like kangaroos.

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