scholarly journals Evaluating the Eco-Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Comparison of Optimistic and Pessimistic Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10580
Author(s):  
Manuel Mocholi-Arce ◽  
Trinidad Gómez ◽  
Maria Molinos-Senante ◽  
Ramon Sala-Garrido ◽  
Rafael Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Common Set Of Weights ◽  
Weight Allocation ◽  
Selection Of

The assessment of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) performance has gained the interest of water utilities and water regulators. Eco-efficiency has been identified as a powerful indicator, as it integrates economic and environmental variables into a single index. Most previous studies have employed traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the evaluation of WWTP eco-efficiency. However, DEA allows the selection of input and output weights for individual WWTPs for the calculation of eco-efficiency scores. To overcome this limitation, we employed the double-frontier and common set of weights methods to evaluate the eco-efficiency of a sample of 30 WWTPs in Spain. The WWTPs were ranked based on eco-efficiency scores derived under several scenarios including best- and worst-case scenarios; this approach to performance assessment is reliable and robust. Twenty-six of the 30 WWTPs were not classified as eco-efficient, even under the most favorable scenario, indicating that these facilities have substantial room for the reduction of costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The ranking of WWTPs varied according to the scenario used for evaluation, which has notable consequences when eco-efficiency scores are used for regulatory purposes. The findings of this study are relevant for water regulators and water utilities, as they demonstrate the importance of weight allocation for eco-efficiency score estimation.

Principles of Operation and Experimental Results for a Small Wastewater Treatment Plant of 300 Population Equivalents

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bongards ◽  
T. Hengstermann ◽  
M. Köhne
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
System Equations ◽  
A Charge

Small wastewater treatment plants play a very important role in German environmental politics. Presented here is a new system for biological wastewater treatment with simultaneous aerobic sludge stabilization. This system operates as a charge process and can be used in the range of 300 to 2000 population equivalents. Different modes of operation were tested in an experimental plant. The system is applicable for both separate sewerage systems and combined systems with large amounts of storm water. The quality of the purified water was good and even under the worst case conditions it met the demands of standard discharge consent conditions. A theoretical simulation of the operation has not yet been started, because the system equations are very complex, due to the variable water volume.

scholarly journals Occurrence and reduction of F-specific RNA bacteriophage genotypes as indicators of human norovirus at a wastewater treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntae Lee ◽  
Mamoru Suwa ◽  
Hiroyuki Shigemura
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) have been suggested as good indicators of the presence of human enteric viruses in water treatment facilities. The occurrence and reduction of norovirus (NoV) and FRNAPH genotypes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been well studied; however, the relationship between these genotypes in WWTPs has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and reduction of FRNAPH genotypes in an attempt to identify NoV indicators in a WWTP via a 1-year survey. All FRNAPH and NoV genotypes were detected in WWTP influents at high rates (71–100%), including the infectious FRNAPH genotype IV (GIV), which has been rarely detected in previous studies. The reductions of FRNAPH GII and NoV GII during wastewater treatment indicated a relationship between the two (r = 0.69, P < 0.01), and the mean values were not significantly different. These results suggested that FRNAPH GII could be used as an appropriate indicator of NoV GII during wastewater treatment. FRNAPH GI was also found to be an appropriate indicator of viral reduction because of its high resistance to wastewater treatment compared with the other FRNAPH and NoV genotypes; therefore, it can be considered as a worst-case scenario organism.

scholarly journals Decision Support Concept to Selection of Wastewater Treatment Plant Location—the Case Study of Town of Kutina, Croatia

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikša Jajac ◽  
Ivan Marović ◽  
Katarina Rogulj ◽  
Jelena Kilić
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Engineering Projects ◽  
Selection Of

In environmental projects, decision-making can be a complex and challenging task due to the in-built existence of compromises between environmental, socio-political, and economic factors. This paper explores a systematic approach to developing a decision support concept that includes the analysis of wastewater treatment problems, knowledge acquisition, and the identification and evaluation of criteria that bring forth an optimal solution to the location selection of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The objective of this research is to develop a decision support concept (DSC) to aid in the planning phases of complex engineering projects, such as the construction of WWTP. The development of the concept starts with an assessment of the issue and an identification of relevant stakeholders accepting their different views and attitudes in an attempt to resolve this issue. The DSC was tested on a real case project—WWTP location selection within the town of Kutina, Croatia. Results indicate that it is possible to develop such a concept based on multicriteria methods on which decision-makers can rely.

scholarly journals Risk assessment in municipal wastewater treatment plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00050
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łój-Pilch ◽  
Anita Zakrzewska ◽  
Ewa Zielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Selection Of

Each technical facility is exposed to a risk that will hinder or prevent its proper functioning. Risk assessment is a component of the risk management process in municipal wastewater treatment plants, the purpose of which is to reduce the occurrence of events as well as their resulting effects, which adversely affect the operation of the treatment plant. The authors, having based their work on the identification of risk-related phenomena, estimated the value of risk and determined its acceptability. The result of the work was to obtain a risk matrix – in other words, a risk map with a designated hierarchy. This could then be used as a basis to determine the level of risk that an event triggered. This allows for faster response to risky situations and an optimal selection of remedies.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

Sludge minimization by disintegration at different wastewater treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luchien Luning ◽  
Paul Roeleveld ◽  
Victor W.M. Claessen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sludge Minimization

In recent years new technologies have been developed to improve the biological degradation of sewage sludge by anaerobic digestion. The paper describes the results of a demonstration of ultrasonic disintegration on the Dutch Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Land van Cuijk. The effect on the degradation of organic matter is presented, together with the effect on the dewatering characteristics. Recommendations are presented for establishing research conditions in which the effect of sludge disintegration can be determined in a more direct way that is less sensitive to changing conditions in the operation of the WWTP. These recommendations have been implemented in the ongoing research in the Netherlands supported by the National Institute for wastewater research (STOWA).

Planning Replicable Small Flow Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Developing Nations

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gaber ◽  
M. Antill ◽  
W. Kimball ◽  
R. Abdel Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technology Choice

The implementation of urban village wastewater treatment plants in developing countries has historically been primarily a function of appropriate technology choice and deciding which of the many needy communities should receive the available funding and priority attention. Usually this process is driven by an outside funding agency who views the planning, design, and construction steps as relatively insignificant milestones in the overall effort required to quickly better a community's sanitary drainage problems. With the exception of very small scale type sanitation projects which have relatively simple replication steps, the development emphasis tends to be on the final treatment plant product with little or no attention specifically focused on community participation and institutionalizing national and local policies and procedures needed for future locally sponsored facilities replication. In contrast to this, the Government of Egypt (GOE) enacted a fresh approach through a Local Development Program with the United States AID program. An overview is presented of the guiding principals of the program which produced the first 24 working wastewater systems including gravity sewers, sewage pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants which were designed and constructed by local entities in Egypt. The wastewater projects cover five different treatment technologies implemented in both delta and desert regions.

scholarly journals Aerial Mapping of Odorous Gases in a Wastewater Treatment Plant Using a Small Drone

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Javier Burgués ◽  
María Deseada Esclapez ◽  
Silvia Doñate ◽  
Laura Pastor ◽  
Santiago Marco
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Aerial Mapping ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Flexible Tubes

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are sources of greenhouse gases, hazardous air pollutants and offensive odors. These emissions can have negative repercussions in and around the plant, degrading the quality of life of surrounding neighborhoods, damaging the environment, and reducing employee’s overall job satisfaction. Current monitoring methodologies based on fixed gas detectors and sporadic olfactometric measurements (human panels) do not allow for an accurate spatial representation of such emissions. In this paper we use a small drone equipped with an array of electrochemical and metal oxide (MOX) sensors for mapping odorous gases in a mid-sized WWTP. An innovative sampling system based on two (10 m long) flexible tubes hanging from the drone allowed near-source sampling from a safe distance with negligible influence from the downwash of the drone’s propellers. The proposed platform is very convenient for monitoring hard-to-reach emission sources, such as the plant’s deodorization chimney, which turned out to be responsible for the strongest odor emissions. The geo-localized measurements visualized in the form of a two-dimensional (2D) gas concentration map revealed the main emission hotspots where abatement solutions were needed. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the multivariate sensor signals suggests that the proposed system can also be used to trace which emission source is responsible for a certain measurement.

scholarly journals Broad diversity of bacteria degrading 17ß-estradiol-3-sulfate isolated from river sediment and biofilm at a wastewater treatment plant discharge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Mainetti ◽  
Marilena Palmisano ◽  
Fabio Rezzonico ◽  
Blaž Stres ◽  
Susanne Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Aquatic Wildlife ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractConjugated estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate (E2-3S), can be released into aquatic environments through wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). There, they are microbiologically degraded into free estrogens, which can have harmful effects on aquatic wildlife. Here, the degradation of E2-3S in environmental samples taken upstream, downstream and at the effluent of a WWTP was assessed. Sediment and biofilm samples were enriched for E2-3S-degrading microorganisms, yielding a broad diversity of bacterial isolates, including known and novel degraders of estrogens. Since E2-3S-degrading bacteria were also isolated in the sample upstream of the WWTP, the WWTP does not influence the ability of the microbial community to degrade E2-3S.

Removal improvement of bacteria (Escherichia coli and enterococci) in maturation ponds using baffles

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ouali ◽  
H. Jupsin ◽  
J. L. Vasel ◽  
L. Marouani ◽  
A. Ghrabi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
In Series ◽  
Hydrodynamic Study ◽  
Rhodamine Wt ◽  
Engineering Intervention

Korba wastewater treatment plant is a conventional activated sludge followed by three maturation ponds (MP1, MP2, MP3) in series acting as a tertiary treatment. The first study of wastewater treatment plants showed that the effluent concentration of Escherichia coli and enterococci at the outlet of the (MP3) varies between 103 and 104CFU/100 ml. After the hydrodynamic study conducted by Rhodamine WT which showed short-circuiting in the MP1, two baffles were introduced in the first maturation pond (MP1) to improve the hydrodynamic and the sanitary performances. The second hydraulic study showed that the dispersion number ‘d’ was reduced from 1.45 to 0.43 by this engineering intervention and the Peclet number was raised from 0.69 to 2.32. The hydraulic retention time was increased by 14 h. Because of well-designed baffles, the removal efficiency of E. coli and enterococci was raised between 0.2 and 0.7 log units for the first maturation pond.

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