scholarly journals Molecular identification of biological contaminants in different drinking water resources of the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Abada ◽  
Zarraq Al-Fifi ◽  
Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab ◽  
Mosbah Mahdhi ◽  
Mukul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Abstract Drinking water quality plays a remarkable role in human infections and diseases. This study used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to detect bacterial pathogens. In addition, a physicochemical analysis was performed on drinking water samples from several sources. A total of 123 drinking water samples were collected from different areas in the Jazan region in Saudi Arabia: ground water (40 samples), bottled water (15 samples), tap water (52 samples), and water purification shops (16 samples). To isolate the bacterial pathogens, the water samples were spread on Nutrient and MacConkey agar media, and the grown pathogens were then identified by the 16S ribosomal RNA technique. In 87 (70.7%) of the 123 drinking water samples, there was no pathogen growth on the two-culture medium. However, 36 (29.3%) of the samples were found to be contaminated with bacteria. The physicochemical analysis indicated that the water samples were within the Saudi drinking water standards. The bacteria were resistant to Cefotaxime, Cefotaxime/Clavulanic acid, Erythromycin, Penicillin G, Rifampin and Sulfamethoxazole–Trimethoprim, respectively. The findings suggest that in Jazan, bottled water is a safer source of potable water than tap water. The contamination in the water may be occurring at the reservoirs rather than the water sources.

scholarly journals Investigation of Drinking Water Quality in Kosovo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatlume Berisha ◽  
Walter Goessler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

In the recent years, not much environmental monitoring has been conducted in the territory of Kosovo. This study represents the first comprehensive monitoring of the drinking water situation throughout most of the territory of Kosovo. We present the distribution of major and minor trace elements in drinking water samples from Kosovo. During our study we collected 951 samples from four different sources: private-bored wells; naturally flowing artesian water; pumped-drilled wells; and public water sources (tap water). The randomly selected drinking water samples were investigated by routine water analyses using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for 32 elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U). Even though there are set guidelines for elemental exposure in drinking water worldwide, in developing countries, such as Kosovo, the lack of monitoring drinking water continues to be an important health concern. This study reports the concentrations of major and minor elements in the drinking water in Kosovo. Additionally, we show the variation of the metal concentration within different sources. Of the 15 regulated elements, the following five elements: Mn, Fe, Al, Ni, As, and U were the elements which most often exceeded the guidelines set by the EU and/or WHO.

Optimization of the Envirochek capsule method and immunomagnetic separation procedure for the detection of low levels of Cryptosporidium in large drinking water samples

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pezzana ◽  
Ph. Vilaginès ◽  
F. Bordet ◽  
D. Coquard ◽  
B. Sarrette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Separation Procedure ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

The method for concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in large drinking water samples using the Envirocheck capsule has been optimized for the detection of low levels of oocysts. Elution from the filter by contact time and vortex agitation gave 68% oocyst recovery. Centrifugation (1,250 g; 30 min; 4°C) improved recovery to 94% without morphological damage of the oocysts. Increasing the ratio of magnetic beads to sample volume in the IMS procedure led to 69% efficiency. In these conditions, the overall recovery of the procedure was 49% as assessed with low oocysts spike doses in 100 litres tap water samples. The methodology described allows the detection of 0.1 oocyst per litre when 100 litres samples are processed.

scholarly journals Diversity of fungi in bottled water in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1664-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad Ameen ◽  
Alhanouf Albejad ◽  
Rukaia Gashgari ◽  
S. Murialdo ◽  
A. Al-Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water System ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

Abstract The occurrence of fungi in drinking water systems has received increased attention over recent decades and fungi are now generally accepted as drinking water system contaminants. However, fungal contamination of bottled water has received little attention. Forty unopened bottled water samples, of different trademarks, were collected from various localities in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia and analyzed for fungal contamination: (1) immediately after opening the bottles; and (2) after closing and storing them for 180 and 365 days. The fungal species were identified under a compound microscope followed by molecular sequencing. At least one fungal species were found in 58% of the bottles. In total, 18 fungal species belonging to 11 fungal genera were identified. Rhizopus nigricans and seven different species of Aspergillus were found to frequently contaminate the bottled water samples. Penicillium sp. were found in one sample. The 180 days storage of opened and reclosed bottles did not substantially affect the abundance of fungi or the species found. Some of the fungi identified may be pathogenic and the contamination of fungi in bottled water should be considered during the processing of water.

scholarly journals Icp-Ms Determination of Trace Metals in Drinking Water Sources in Jazan Area, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Albratty ◽  
Ismail Arbab ◽  
Hassan Alhazmi ◽  
Ibraheem Attafi ◽  
Abdul Al-Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Icp Ms

Requisite reference facts about essential elements in treated and plastic bottled drinking water is usually mentioned on the products. However, more information is sometime crucial regarding trace elements in treated, bottled and other sources of drinking water such as tap water to evaluate their quality. This study is aimed to evaluate drinking water quality in the main governorates (Jazan, Sabya and Abu Arish) of Jazan province located in the South-Western region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is the first such study carried out in Jazan city so that the research team can come out with valuable recommendations in the issue. The research team has collected a sum of 68 water samples from different sources comprising hospitals (treated tap water), stations for drinking water treatment (large blue bottles of drinking water) and bottled drinking water (purchased from local markets). Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the concentrations of 20 elements were determined. The physiochemical parameters of water samples were measured. All parameters were within the recommended limits of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) and Gulf Cooperation Council Standardization Organization (GSO, 2008). Trace and major elements were found to be below the standard guideline values , except for uranium in some tap water samples. This preliminary study will significantly improve the awareness and knowledge among the society about the drinking water quality in Jazan area.

scholarly journals Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Drinking Water in Cali, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8451
Author(s):  
Andrés F. Dávalos ◽  
Pamela K. Garcia ◽  
Carolina Montoya-Pachongo ◽  
Andrea Rengifo ◽  
Daniela Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
Mycobacterium Mucogenicum

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous microorganisms naturally resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants that can colonize drinking water supply systems. Information regarding the spread of NTM in specifically South America and Colombia is limited. We aimed to identify and characterize NTM present in tap water samples from Cali, Colombia. Drinking water samples and faucet biofilm swabs were collected in 18 places, including the city’s three main water treatment plants (WTPs). Filter-trapped material and eluates (0.45 μm) from swab washes were plated in 7H11 agar plates. Suspected colonies were evaluated microscopically, and NTM species were identified based on the rpoB gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was also performed. Fifty percent (9/18) of sampling points were positive for NTM (including two WTPs), from which 16 different isolates were identified: Mycobacterium mucogenicum (8/16), M. phocaicum (3/16), M. chelonae (2/16), M. mageritense (2/16), and M. fortuitum (1/16), all rapidly growing mycobacteria. A susceptibility profile was obtained from 68.75% (11/16) of the isolates. M. chelonae was the most resistant species. All NTM isolated are potentially responsible for human diseases; our findings might provide a baseline for exploring NTM transmission dynamics and clinical characterization, as well as potential associations between NTM species found in drinking water and isolates from patients.

scholarly journals Estimation of Fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shah ◽  
S Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Fluoride has a preventive effect on dental caries. However, excessive/insufficient ingestion of fluoride can lead to the development of dental fluorosis/increased risk for dental caries respectively. The objective of this study was to estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu valley. It was a community based cross-sectional study in which drinking water samples were collected from municipal water supply and bottled water. Municipal water supply was collected according to eight water schemes in Kathmandu valley and as for bottled water, 35 samples were randomly collected according to different brand names available in the commercial market. The samples were analyzed for fluoride content by SPADNS colorimetric method as per standard procedure set by American Public Health Association (APHA 2012).The results revealed that the fluoride content in drinking water samples was below the permissible limit (<0.5 ppm) as per Nepal’s drinking water quality standards and WHO guidelines. Hence, implementation of water fluoridation program can be initiated for municipal water supply and bottled water for prevention of dental caries to optimize the oral health of people.

scholarly journals High frequency of Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking water in Kermanshah, Iran, during June–November 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvandi Amirhooshang ◽  
Abiri Ramin ◽  
Aryan Ehsan ◽  
Rezaei Mansour ◽  
Bagherabadi Shahram
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

To gain a better understanding of transmission and selecting appropriate measures for preventing the spread of Helicobacter pylori, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori in drinking water samples in Kermanshah, Iran. Drinking water samples were collected from around Kermanshah and filtered through 0.45 μm nitrocellulose filters. The bacterial sediment was subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for H. pylori detection using newly designed primers targeted at the conserved region of the ureC gene. The overall detection rates for H. pylori DNA in the water samples were 56% (66/118) with a frequency of 36% (25/70) in tap water samples and 85% (41/48) in wells. The detection limit was 50 bacteria per liter of filtered water and a pure H. pylori DNA copy number of 6 per reaction. Based on the evidence we may suggest that recontamination occurred and H. pylori entered into the water piping system through cracked or broken pipes or was released from established H. pylori biofilms on pipes. In conclusion, a high prevalence of H. pylori was detected in drinking water samples that strengthens the evidence of H. pylori transmission through drinking water.

scholarly journals Parasitic contamination of drinking water and its prevalence among handlers and sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Mohammed Th. S. Al-Zubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

     The current study was designed to determine the infection rate of intestinal protozoa in sheep and their handlers, and in their drinking water, in Wasit province, so as to study the relationship between contamination of drinking water with protozoal pathogen and infection in sheep and handlers in the period from the beginning of September 2015 to the end of February 2016. Two hundred eighty fecal samples were collected: (180) samples from sheep and 100 samples from human (50 handlers and 50 from non handlers), 50 drinking water samples were collected (18 samples; human tap water and RO bottled water and 32 samples river water). All samples were examined by conventional methods (direct moist smears, flotation with saturated sugar solution and  stained with Modified acid fast, Giemsa  and lugol's iodine ) The total infection rate in sheep, handlers and drinking water samples were 83.33%, 72%, 84.37% and 33.33% respectively. The result showed that drinking water samples of sheep and handlers were contaminated with protozoal oocysts or cysts of Cryptosporidium spp. (65.62%) (27.77 %), Giardia lamblia (6.25%) (0), Entamoeba spp (68.75%) (0), Eimeria spp (25%) (5.55%) and Buxtonella sulcata (40.62%)(0).

scholarly journals An application of LSC method for the measurement of gross alpha and beta activities in spiked water and drinking water samples

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaye Özgür Çakal ◽  
Rufiyet Güven ◽  
Haluk Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Gross Beta ◽  
Gross Alpha ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Gross Alpha And Beta ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Abstract In this study, after the pulse shape calibration of a liquid scintillation counting (LSC) spectrometer (Quantulus 1220), the effi ciency was determined depending on sample quenching parameters. Then, gross alpha and beta activities in two spiked water samples obtained from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were used for the validation of the ASTM D7283-06 method, which is a standard test method for alpha and beta activity in water by LSC. Later, the drinking water samples (35 tap water and 9 bottled water) obtained from different districts of Ankara, Turkey, were measured. The maximum gross alpha activities are measured to be 0.08 Bq/L for tap waters and 0.13 Bq/L for bottled waters, whereas the maximum gross beta activities are found to be 0.18 Bq/L for tap waters and 0.16 Bq/L for bottled waters. These results indicate that these drinking water samples are below the required limits, which are 0.1 Bq/L for alpha emitting radionuclides and 1 Bq/L for beta emitting radionuclides. As a result, gross alpha and beta activities in drinking water of Ankara were determined accurately by this validated LSC method. It is also worth noting that LSC is a rapid and accurate method for the determination of gross alpha and beta activities without requiring a tedious sample preparation.

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