scholarly journals An integrated UMAS for POME treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Abdurahman ◽  
N. H. Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Integrated Technology ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Direct Discharge

Abstract The direct discharge of palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater causes serious environmental hazards due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand. This paper proposes a new approach for integrated technology of ultrasonic membrane for a POME treatment. The paper evaluated the economic viability based on the changes of the new design of ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (UMAS) when a POME introduces this approach. Six steady states were attained as a part of a kinetic study that considered concentration ranges of 13,800–22,600 mg/L for mixed liquor suspended solids and 10,400–17,350 mg/L for mixed liquor volatile suspended solids. Kinetic equations from Monod, Contois and Chen and Hashimoto were employed to describe the kinetics of POME treatment at organic loading rates ranging from 1 to 15 kg COD/m3/d. throughout the experiment, the removal efficiency of COD was from 92.8 to 98.3% with hydraulic retention time from 500.8 to 8.6 days. The growth yield coefficient, Y, was found to be 0.73 gVSS/g COD, the specific microorganism decay rate was 0.28 day–1 and the methane gas yield production rate was between 0.27 and 0.62 L/g COD/d.

scholarly journals The potential of ultrasonic membrane anaerobic systems in treating slaughterhouse wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Abdurahman ◽  
Y. M. Rosli ◽  
N. H. Azhari ◽  
Hayder A. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Solids Retention Time ◽  
Solids Retention

Direct discharge of slaughterhouse wastewater causes serious environmental pollution due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand. In this study, an ultrasonic-assisted membrane anaerobic system was used as a novel method for treating slaughterhouse wastewater. Six steady states were achieved, using concentrations of 7,800–13,620 mg/l for mixed liquor suspended solids and 5,359–11,424 mg/l for mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). Kinetic equations were used to describe the kinetics of treatment at organic loading rates of 3–11 kg COD/m3/d. The removal efficiency of COD was 94.8–96.5% with hydraulic retention times of 308.6–8.7 days. The growth yield coefficient was found to be 0.52 g VSS/g. COD was 0.21 d−1 and methane gas production rate was 0.24–0.56 l/g COD/d. Steady-state influent COD concentrations increased from 8,000 mg/l in the first steady state to 25,400 mg/l in the sixth steady state. The minimum solids retention time, θcmin obtained from the three kinetic models was 6–14.4 days. The k values were 0.35–0.519 g COD/g VSS.d and μmax values were between 0.26 and 0.379 d−1. The solids retention time decreased from 600 to 14.3 days. The complete treatment reduced the COD content and its removal efficiency reached 94.8%.

Evaluating the treatment performance of a full scale Activated Sludge Plant in Islamabad, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Fatima ◽  
S. Jamal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operational Parameter ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Treatment Performance

In this study, the performance of wastewater treatment plant located at sector I-9 Islamabad, Pakistan, was evaluated. This full scale domestic wastewater treatment plant is based on conventional activated sludge process. The parameters which were monitored regularly included total suspended solids (TSS), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It was found that the biological degradation efficiency of the plant was below the desired levels in terms of COD and BOD. Also the plant operators were not maintaining consistent sludge retention time (SRT). Abrupt discharge of MLSS through the Surplus Activated sludge (SAS) pump was the main reason for the low MLSS in the aeration tank and consequently low treatment performance. In this study the SRT was optimized based on desired MLSS concentration between 3,000–3,500 mg/L and required performance in terms of BOD, COD and TSS. This study revealed that SRT is a very important operational parameter and its knowledge and correct implementation by the plant operators should be mandatory.

scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges for greywater treatment and reuse in Mongolia: lessons learnt from piloted systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
Zifu Li ◽  
Heinz-Peter Mang ◽  
André Schüßler ◽  
Tobias Ulbrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
User Training ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand

In Mongolia, as worldwide, communities are challenged by water scarcity, depletion and pollution. Greywater treatment and reuse could partially meet water demand and help protect the environment and health. In March 2010, greywater from six randomly sampled households in the Ger areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, was analyzed followed by the development of three innovative treatment systems: an underground (UG-), greenhouse (GH-) and ice-hole greywater treatment unit (IH-GWTU). The UG- and GH-GWTU were implemented to identify opportunities and challenges for future investments in greywater treatment and reuse. Users' and non-users' perceptions, and business opportunities, were assessed. Laboratory analysis showed a high chemical oxygen demand (6,072–12,144 mg/l), N-NH4+ (183.7–322.6 mg/l), PO4− (12.6–88.2 mg/l) and total suspended solids (880–3,200 mg/l) – values exceeding the WHO guidelines and much higher than in any other country: low water consumption combined with traditional diet might be major reasons. Odourless and colourless water after treatment in a UG-GWTU lead to more acceptance than a GH-GWTU. Business opportunities include the use of treated water for irrigation, considering WHO and national standards. Further research focuses on seasonality of installation, technical shortcomings, maintenance, biological quality control and user training.

Conditionnement et déshydratation de boues d'étangs aérés facultatifs à l'aide du gel – dégel naturel: résultats d'essais

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-André Desjardins ◽  
François G. Brière
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Storage Basin ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Sludge

This article presents the results of tests investigating the conditioning and dewatering of biological and chemical sludge (alum dephosphatation sludge) from facultative aerated lagoons using natural freeze–thaw. The results presented here highlight the excellent efficiency of this conditioning method used with drying beds. Following freeze–thaw, immediately after drainage, sludge presents little odor and has lost its liquid state since dry solid contents of more than 30% can be obtained with ease. Freeze–thaw also eliminates the gelatinous consistency of chemical sludge. The filtrates are clear and contain low levels of suspended solids but may have relatively high chemical oxygen demand. To maximize the depth of sludge that can be frozen, it is necessary to freeze the sludge in thin layers. This requires the pumping of sludge from a separate storage basin to a freezing bed for the duration of winter (separate basin–bed method). The storage basin may however be combined with the freezing bed provided the depth of the sole sludge layer does not exceed the maximum depth of sludge that can be frozen during the winter season (combined basin–bed method). Freeze–thaw is not affected by the initial dry solid content of the sludge. The grain size of the sludge can however have some influence, although quite marginal, and freeze–thaw is efficient for all types of aqueous sludge. Key words: conditioning, dewatering, sludge, facultative aerated lagoons, natural freeze–thaw, trials.

The influence of excess sludge discharge on the performance of a full-scale UASB reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Barros ◽  
S. Gavazza ◽  
L. Florencio ◽  
M. T. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Discharge Frequency ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Assessment Period

The influence of sludge discharge frequency on the performance of a full-scale UASB-type reactor has been assessed. The reactor has eight compartments and treats domestic sewage with an 8 hour hydraulic retention time. In each compartment, a different discharge frequency was employed ranging from 1 to 8 months. During the assessment period, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, effluent volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration, and cellular yield coefficient (Y) were evaluated. The results indicated that the operational stability increased with increasing discharge frequency, as shown by a higher COD removal and lower effluent VSS. The values of Y decreased when the sludge discharge frequency increased. In practice, good performance can be achieved when the sludge discharge frequency is between 1 and 4 months; COD removal efficiencies of 60–80%, average VSS effluent concentrations of 25–80 mg L−1, and Y values of 0.10–0.18 kg VSS kg CODremoved−1 were obtained.

Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Using Extended Aeration Activated Sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Gasim ◽  
Abdur Rahman Megat Mohamed Amin Megat ◽  
Rahman Mohamed Kutty Shamsul
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater

The petroleum refinery wastewater biological treatment is widely investigated because of the potential complete mineralization and environmental aspect. In this study, petroleum refinery wastewater was treated in an extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) reactor A, operated in parallel with EAAS reactor B as a control, fed with municipal wastewater. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) organic loading rate (OLR) of the refinery wastewater in reactor B was approximately 0.057 kg COD/m3·d compared to reactor A of 0.004 kg COD/m3·d throughout the study period. The flowrate for both reactors was maintained at 21.4 L/day. Food to microorganism (F/M) ratio, COD, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) were monitored throughout the study period. The result indicated high removal efficiency of organic matter of approximately 87% as COD with 2582 mg/L of the petroleum refinery wastewater as influent and 140 mg/L as effluent.

Aeration and Water Hyacinths in Waste Stabilization Ponds

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
P. R. Thomas ◽  
H. O. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Water Hyacinths

The investigation was based on two facultative stabilization ponds initially designed to operate in parallel, and now receive wastewater in excess of their capacities from a fast expanding housing estate in the Caribbean Island of Trinidad. Because of the deterioration of the effluent quality relative to acceptable standards, an attempt was made to upgrade the ponds using water hyacinths at the early stages. However, from the results, it was clear that the introduction of water hyacinths in the test pond did not lead to any substantial improvement in the effluent because of the high loading on the pond. Therefore the ponds were modified to operate in series with surface aerators installed in the first pond. Initially, the effluent quality was monitored in terms of total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform bacteria, pH and dissolved oxygen with aeration in the first pond and no aquatic plants in the second pond. Although there was a significant improvement in the effluent quality, the values remained above the standards. As a result, water hyacinths were introduced in the second pond and the effluent quality monitored together with aeration in the first pond. The effluent quality improved with total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand values both as low as 10 mg/l in certain months, but additional treatment was needed to reduce faecal conforms.

Management of Dairy Waste in the Sonoran Desert Using Constructed Wetland Technology

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Karpiscak ◽  
Robert J. Freitas ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
Luis R. Sanchez ◽  
Eylon Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Scirpus Validus ◽  
Surface Wetland

An integrated wastewater treatment facility, consisting of upper (solids separators, anaerobic lagoons, and aerobic ponds) and lower (wetland cells) subsystems, has been built to replace the lagoon at a dairy in Arizona, USA. The collection sump of the new waste treatment facility collects all dairy wastewater outflow. Wastewater is then pumped to solids separators, and flows by gravity to anaerobic ponds and aerobic ponds. The upper subsystem is expected to treat the water sufficiently so that the wetland cells may achieve further pollutant reductions. The lower subsystem, comprised of 8 surface wetland cells with an approximate surface area of 5,000 m2, receives outflow from the ponds. The cells are planted with cattail (Typha domingensis), soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus), and reed (Phragmites australis). After treatment is completed via the lagoons and ponds followed by the wetland cells, the wastewater can be reused to flush barns or to irrigate crops. Performance of the overall system is evaluated by measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters in water samples taken from selected locations along the treatment system. Chemical parameters studied include biochemical oxygen demand, pH, total suspended solids, nitrogen species. Biological monitoring included coliforms (total and fecal) and Listeria monocytogenes.

Leachate Minimization by Reverse Osmosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bilstad ◽  
M. V. Madland
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Tubular Type ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper Chromium ◽  
Direct Discharge

Leachates from chemical and domestic landfills are defined as hazardous wastewater. Quantitative and qualitative control of leachate can be performed by membrane separation of the total produced leachate volume. Dissolved and suspended solids in the leachate are removed from the major portion of the water phase and either returned to the landfill or further treated. The particle - free permeate meets the effluent requirements for direct discharge to virtually any watercourse. An untreated leachate flow is concentrated thirteen times by tubular type reverse osmosis. The separation efficiencies are 99% for iron, copper, chromium and zinc. For suspended solids the removal is 100%.

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