Light Design of Small Towns’ Coastal Areas

This paper touches upon the problems of development and illumination of small Russian towns located on the banks of rivers and water storage basins (as exemplified by master’s theses). These problems lie on the plane of preservation and effective use of architectural, historical, and cultural heritage of towns, their unusual aura and colour. In the experimental project of town development based on the town of Yurievets situated on the bank of Volga water storage basin, the authors propose an architectural-spatial functional concept of filling up the town territory with the ideas on original colour and light design in the evening and at night.

Flood Mitigation Measure and Water Storage in East Africa: An Analysis for the Rio Muaguide, Mozambique

In the last century, floods have been more frequently hitting population and human activity, especially in the sub-Saharan context. The aim of this study is to propose suitable flood mitigation measures for the downstream part of the Rio Muaguide, which flows in northern Mozambique. In this terminal part of the river, the bed has been buried by sediment in many reaches; due to the reduction of the section conveyance, wide areas are inundated during the rainy season with negative consequences for several villages relying on subsistence agriculture. The design of any measure requires quantitative determinations but, as many less developed countries, Mozambique is affected by data scarcity. Therefore, in this study global and freely available data have been used to perform hydrologic and two-dimensional hydro-dynamic modelling, finally producing a flood hazard map. Particular care has been put into a critical analysis of several data sources, in terms of their suitability for the purposes of the work. Based on the modelling results and on field evidence, an intervention has been proposed with a double functionality of mitigating the effects of periodic floods and storing water to be used by the agricultural community during drier seasons. The proposed intervention combines restoring a sedimentation-less shape of the river sections and exploiting a natural basin as a storage basin. The methods applied and the intervention proposed for the Rio Muaguide are prototypal for several analogous streams in the coastal portion of Mozambique.

Anthropogenic drought dominates groundwater depletion in Iran

Using publicly-available average monthly groundwater level data in 478 sub-basins and 30 basins in Iran, we quantify country-wide groundwater depletion in Iran. Natural and anthropogenic elements affecting the dynamics of groundwater storage are taken into account and quantified during the period of 2002–2015. We estimate that the total groundwater depletion in Iran to be ~ 74 km3 during this period with highly localized and variable rates of change at basin and sub-basin scales. The impact of depletion in Iran’s groundwater reserves is already manifested by extreme overdrafts in ~ 77% of Iran’s land area, a growing soil salinity across the entire country, and increasing frequency and extent of land subsidence in Iran’s planes. While meteorological/hydrological droughts act as triggers and intensify the rate of depletion in country-wide groundwater storage, basin-scale groundwater depletions in Iran are mainly caused by extensive human water withdrawals. We warn that continuation of unsustainable groundwater management in Iran can lead to potentially irreversible impacts on land and environment, threatening country’s water, food, socio-economic security.

Ratio of linear and weight growth of Sander lucioperca in the Novosibirsk water-storage basin

This research is devoted to the variability of linear and weight growth of Sander lucioperca (Stizostedion lucioperca) in the Novosibirsk water-storage basin. The presented work is part of a comprehensive research of Sander lucioperca phenotypic pool of the Novosibirsk water-storage basin. 43 individuals have been selected for the analysis aged 3,0–4,5 years in the period October-November 2019. Measurements of Sander lucioperca have been carried out according to the “Manual for the study of fi sh”, the fi sh has been weighed on a technical scale VLKT-500 with an accuracy of 1 g. The fi rst time the linear and some aspects of the weight growth of Sander lucioperca in the Novosibirsk water-storage basin have been described in the paper, since the growth directly depends on the development and is one of its components. The biological characteristics and features of Sander lucioperca have been analyzed. For the development of the population of Sander lucioperca as well as other fi sh species one of the main biotic factors is the feed supply. The availability of feed for hydrobionts is determined by the quantity, quality and availability of feed in the reservoir, since the feed supply has a signifi cant impact on the biological parameters of fi sh. The ecological situation of the Novosibirsk water-storage basin has been studied. The obtained data on Sander lucioperca measurements can be used as average population values. Increasing the parameters of the assessment of living organisms makes it possible to more accurately assess the conformation of animals. A high level of correlation (r=0,878) between the linear and weight growth of Sander lucioperca has been established, and a regression equation describing the change in length as a function of live weight (y = 9,5853 x + 39,1164) has been calculated. There is a tendency to decrease the number of Sander lucioperca in the Novosibirsk water-storage basin.

Pembuatan Meja Bak Cuci Tangan Menggunakan Mutu Beton Sederhana dengan Memanfaatkan Limbah Olahan Rotan dan Sosialisasi Cuci Tangan 6 Langkah di Panti Asuhan Budi Mulya Kota Palangka Raya

The development of coronavirus or Covid-19 in Central Kalimantan is currently increasingly worrying. All areas in this province are now in red zone status. This transmission is very fast spreading, so we are doing outreach to the community at Budi Mulya Orphanage, Palangka Raya City, implementing 6 recommended handwashing steps to kill the Covid 19 virus that sticks to our fingers. Washing hands with soap is one of the sanitation measures to prevent disease. Even WHO also recommends 6 steps in washing the palms of hands, the palms of backs of hands, between the fingers, the backs of hands, the thumbs, and the tips of fingers. The last method of washing hands is to clean soap with running water and dry it. To support the 6-step handwashing program, we are working with the orphanage's leadership to make a table for a water storage basin used for washing hands. The table is made permanent, made of reinforced concrete, whose composition of the reinforced concrete mixture is mixed with processed rattan waste that is no longer used as a substitute for concrete fiber. The rattan waste mixture used was 0.25% of the total volume of concrete.

Ammonia Emissions from Differing Manure Storage Facilities at Two Midwestern Free-Stall Dairies

Dairies contribute a major portion of agricultural ammonia emissions in the United States. Emissions were monitored over two years from an anaerobic lagoon receiving manure from cows in the milking parlor and holding area in Indiana (IN), USA and a storage basin receiving manure from cows in barns as well as the milking parlor and holding area in Wisconsin (WI), USA. Emissions were monitored using open-path tunable diode lasers, sonic anemometers, and two emission models. The mean annual daily emissions at the WI storage basins (30 µg m−2 s−1) was nearly equal to that at the IN lagoon (27 µg m−2 s−1). The mean annual daily ammonia (NH3) emissions on a per animal basis were greater at the WI basins (33 g NH3 hd−1 d−1; 26 g NH3 AU−1 d−1) (hd = animal; AU = 500 kg animal mass) than at the IN lagoon (9 g NH3 hd−1 d−1; 7 g NH3 AU−1 d−1). Emissions from both storage systems were highest in the summer, lowest in the winter, and similar during the spring and fall. Emissions were strongly correlated with air temperature and weakly correlated with wind conditions. Greater emissions at the WI basins appeared to be related primarily to the characteristics of the stored manure.

Hadrochemical Evolution of Groundwater in a Typical Semi-Arid Groundwater Storage Basin Using a Zoning Model

Groundwater guarantees water resources and ecological environment security in semi-arid areas. Studying the chemical evolution of groundwater in semi-arid areas is of great significance to regional ecological environment protection and water resources management. The water storage basin is not only a space for groundwater storage and movement but also a place for water–rock–gas interaction and elemental migration, dispersion, and enrichment. Due to its unique climate and geological environment, the semi-arid water storage basins have different hydrochemical environments, forming a zonal hydrogeochemical character. In this study, a typical semi-arid water storage basin (west of Jilin Province) is taken as an example, through the cross section of the recharge–runoff–excretion zone. A three-level hydrogeochemical zoning model is constructed to reveal the hydrogeochemical evolution of the area. The model is divided into three layers from bottom to top. The first layer shows the geological and hydrogeological conditions, including the topography, lithology, geological time, and hydrodynamic characteristics of the study area. The second layer represents the hydrogeochemical processes, divided into the recharge zone, runoff zone, and discharge zone in the horizontal direction according to the hydrodynamic environment and hydrochemistry type. The hydrogeochemical action gradually changes from lixiviation to cation exchange, evaporation, and concentration, as the landform plays a key role in hydrochemistry formation in the discharge area. The third layer gives the characteristics of the groundwater chemical components, including chemistry type, total dissolved solids, main anion and cation, and characteristic element F. Qualitative and quantitative characterizations of hydrochemistry evolution by reverse simulation and hydrodynamic, hydrochemical and thermodynamic indicators are given.