Suspended particles in the drinking water of two distribution systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gauthier ◽  
B. Barbeau ◽  
R. Millette ◽  
J.-C. Block ◽  
M. Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Dissolved Matter

The concentrations of suspended particles were measured in the drinking water of two distribution systems, and the nature of these particles documented. The concentrations of particulate matter were invariably found to be small (maximum 350 μg/L). They are globally in the very low range in comparison with dissolved matter concentrations, which are measured in several hundreds of mg/L. Except during special water quality events, such as turnover of the raw water resource, results show that organic matter represents the most important fraction of suspended solids (from 40 to 76%) in treated and distributed water. Examination of the nature of the particles made it possible to develop several hypotheses about the type of particles penetrating Montreal's distribution system during the turnover period (algae skeleton, clays). These particles were found to have been transported throughout the distribution systems quite easily, and this could result in the accumulation of deposits if their surface charge were ever even slightly destabilised, or if the particles were to penetrate the laminar flow areas that are fairly typical of remote locations in distribution systems.

scholarly journals DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATERWORKS IN FINLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Meirami Ikonena ◽  
Anna-Maria Hokajärvi ◽  
Jatta Heikkinen ◽  
Tarja Pitkänen ◽  
Robert Ciszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Physico-chemical and microbiological water quality in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) of five waterworks in Finland with different raw water sources and treatment processes was explored. Water quality was monitored during four seasons with on-line equipment and bulk water samples were analysed in laboratory. Seasonal changes in the water quality were more evident in DWDSs of surface waterworks compared to the ground waterworks and artificially recharging ground waterworks (AGR). Between seasons, temperature changed significantly in every sys-tem but pH and EC changed only in one AGR system. Seasonal change was seen also in the absorbance values of all sys-tems. The concentration of microbially available phosphorus (MAP, μg PO₄-P/l) was the highest in drinking water origi-nating from the waterworks supplying groundwater. Total assimilable organic carbon (AOC, μg AOC-C/l) concentrations were significantly different between the DWDSs other than between the two AGR systems. This study reports differences in the water quality between surface and ground waterworks using a wide set of parameters commonly used for monitor-ing. The results confirm that every distribution system is unique, and the water quality is affected by environmental fac-tors, raw water source, treatment methods and disinfection.

Sensory aspects of drinking water in contact with epoxy lined copper pipe

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Heim ◽  
A.M. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Copper Pipe

Pipe relining via in situ epoxy lining is used to remediate corroded plumbing or distribution systems. This investigation examined the effects on odour, TOC, THM formation and disinfectant demand in water exposed to epoxy-lined copper pipes used for home plumbing. The study was conducted in accordance with the Utility Quick Test, a migration/leaching method for utilities to conduct sensory analysis of materials in contact with drinking water. The test was performed using water with no disinfectant and levels of chlorine and monochloramines representative of those found in the distribution system. Panelists repeatedly and consistently described a “plastic/adhesive/putty” odour in the water from the pipes. The odour intensity remained relatively constant for each of two subsequent flushes. Water samples stored in the epoxy-lined pipes showed a significant increase in the leaching of organic compounds (as TOC), and this TOC was demonstrated to react with free chlorine to form trichloromethane. Water stored in the pipes also showed a marked increase in disinfectant demand relative to the water stored in glass control flasks. A study conducted at a full scale installation at an apartment demonstrated that after installation and regular use, the epoxy lining did not yield detectable differences in water quality.

scholarly journals Water quality event detection and customer complaint clustering analysis in distribution systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mounce ◽  
John Machell ◽  
Joby Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Historic Data

Safe, clean drinking water is a foundation of society and water quality monitoring can contribute to ensuring this. A case study application of the CANARY software to historic data from a UK drinking water distribution system is described. Sensitivity studies explored appropriate choice of algorithmic parameter settings for a baseline site, performance was evaluated with artificial events and the system then transferred to all sites. Results are presented for analysis of nine water quality sensors measuring six parameters and deployed in three connected district meter areas (DMAs), fed from a single water source (service reservoir), for a 1 year period and evaluated using comprehensive water utility records with 86% of event clusters successfully correlated to causes (spatially limited to DMA level). False negatives, defined by temporal clusters of water quality complaints in the pilot area not corresponding to detections, were only approximately 25%. It was demonstrated that the software could be configured and applied retrospectively (with potential for future near real time application) to detect various water quality event types (with a wider remit than contamination alone) for further interpretation.

THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER IN SIGHETU MARMAŢIEI, MARAMUREŞ, ROMANIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Valeria Mirela Brezoczki ◽  
◽  
Gabriela Maria Filip ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Baia Mare ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

This paper presents the analysis of the quality indicator of a subterranean raw water source, captured in Crăciunesti, Sighetu Marmatiei, followed by the description of the technological flow of capturing and chlorinating water with the aim of making it drinkable, and the analysis of the obtained values of the physical, chemical and bacteriological indicators. The period within which water quality was monitored for this paper covers four months (December 2016, March, April and May 2017). Within this period the analyses regarding water quality control were carried out by the laboratory of the Water Treatment Baia Mare. The analysis of the obtained results highlighted a series of problems regarding the existence of certain indicators/parameters with values above the legally admissible threshold with regard to water quality. The manganese found in raw water exceeds the admissible threshold by 160%, in December 2016, and by 120% in March 2017, but it is within limits during the months of April and May. The occurrence of colonies developed at 37 °C and 22°C in the raw water requires chemical treatment of the raw water aimed at disinfecting it. The parameters of drinking water correspond to the values admissible through the laws in force, the water being distributed to the consumers through the Drinking water distribution system in Sighetu Marmatiei.

Neural network-based modelling of the adequate chlorine dosage for drinking water disinfection

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Rodriguez ◽  
Jean-B. Sérodes
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Routine Tasks

A neural network modelling approach has been developed to estimate the disinfectant dose adjustments required during water re-chlorination in storage tanks. The approach is based on representative operational and water quality historical data which intrinsically characterize the operators' use of know-how in their routine tasks. The development of the model requires the elimination of the historical cases in which re-chlorination results were inadequate. The results obtained for the model demonstrate that neural networks are capable of satisfactorily identifying the knowledge patterns contained in data with regard to the re-chlorination process for both winter and summer conditions. The practical use of such a model may assist operators in adjusting re-chlorination doses and may favour chlorine economization and the improvement of the water quality in the distribution system. Key words: drinking water, neural networks, distribution systems, chlorination, modelling, water quality.

Drinking Water Biofilm Management and Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Pick ◽  
Katherine Fish ◽  
Stewart Husband ◽  
Joby Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
The Impact

<p>Biofilms within drinking water distribution systems can pose risks to consumers, especially when mobilised, as high concentrations of microorganisms and associated material can be released leading to degradation of water quality. Access and sampling of biofilms within drinking water pipelines can be difficult without disrupting supply in these extensive and buried systems. A novel biofilm monitoring device was developed to determine if biofilm formation rates can be used to assess microbiological water quality, track fouling rates and ultimately indicate distribution system performance. The device comprises a sample-line pipe with multiple, independent removable sections (allowing for biofilm sampling) that can be easily connected to sampling points in the distribution system. Biofilm is removed from the device and flow cytometry used to determine total and intact cell concentrations. The biomonitoring device was tested in a series of laboratory trials, to establish the impact of different flow rates and orientations on biofilm formation and to determine the optimum configuration that achieves accurate and repeatable results. Subsequently, these devices were installed in two operational systems, with different water qualities, and biofilms were sampled for two months to obtain biofilm growth rates. The results provide the first direct evidence of different biofilm formation rates in distribution systems with different water qualities. This evidence is now being used to investigate fouling rates via risk analysis and modelling. The use of the device has potential to improve understanding of biofilm behaviour and help inform biofilm and asset management to safeguard the quality of delivered drinking water.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of potential human health risk and investigation of drinking water quality in Isparta city center (Turkey)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simge Varol ◽  
Aysen Davraz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
City Center ◽  
Rock Interaction

Isparta city center is selected as a work area in this study because the public believes that the tap water is dirty and harmful. In this study, the city's drinking water in the distribution system and other spring waters which are used as drinking water in this region were investigated from the point of water quality and health risk assessment. Water samples were collected from major drinking water springs, tap waters, treatment plants and dam pond in the Isparta province center. Ca-Mg-HCO3, Mg-Ca-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3, Ca-HCO3, Ca-HCO3-SO4 and Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 are dominant water types. When compared to drinking water guidelines established by World Health Organization and Turkey, much greater attention should be paid to As, Br, Fe, F, NH4, PO4 through varied chemicals above the critical values. The increases of As, Fe, F, NH4 and PO4 are related to water–rock interaction. In tap waters, the increases of As and Fe are due to corrosion of pipes in drinking water distribution systems. The major toxic and carcinogenic chemicals within drinking water are As and Br for both tap water and spring water. Also, F is the non-carcinogenic chemical for only spring waters in the study area.

scholarly journals PERBAIKAN KUALITAS AIR BAKU PERUSAHAAN AIR MINUM (PAM) DENGAN BIOFILTRASI

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Nugroho ◽  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water

A study to improve the raw water quality at Taman Kota Drinking Water Company was conducted by using pilot plant of biofiltration system. The pilot plant was run by pumpingthe raw water from river to the reactor continuously with various Hydraulic Retention Time. Samples of raw water and treated water were taken daily and analyzed for pH,Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Organic matter, Ammonia nitrogen and Detergent (MBAS). The results showed that performance of biofiltration system decreaed due to shortening Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT). The longer HRT caused bigger volume of biofiltration tank. Therefore, this study suggests that the optimum Hydraulics retention time is 1 hr. In this HRT, the treated water quality were 7.2 for pH, 40 mg/l for TSS, 10,7 mg/l for organic matter, 0.35 mg/l for ammonia nitrogen and 0.1 mg/l for MBAS. These resultscomply with the Regulation No. 582 year 1995 for raw drinking water quality (class B).

scholarly journals The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Kristofer Hägg ◽  
Kenneth M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cyanobacterial Biomass

Artificial groundwater recharge is commonly used for drinking water supply. The resulting water quality is highly dependent on the raw water quality. In many cases, pre-treatment is required. Pre-treatment improves the drinking water quality, although how and to what extent it affects the subsequent pond water quality and infiltration process, is still unknown. We evaluated two treatment systems by applying different pre-treatment methods for raw water from a eutrophic and temperate lake. An artificial recharge pond was divided into two parts, where one received raw water, only filtered through a micro-screen with 500 µm pores (control treatment), while the other part received pre-treated lake water using chemical flocculation with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) combined with sand filtration, i.e. continuous contact filtration (contact filter treatment). Water quality such as cyanobacterial biomass, microcystin-LR as well as organic matter and nutrients were measured in both treatment processes. We found cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin-LR level after the contact filter treatment was significantly different from the control treatment and also significantly different in the pond water. In addition, with contact filter treatment, total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter removal were significantly improved in the end water, TP was reduced by 96 % (< 20 µg/L) and the total organic carbon (TOC) was reduced by 66 % instead of 55 % (TOC content around 2.1 mg/L instead of 3.0 mg/L). This full-scale onsite experiment demonstrated effective pre-treatment would benefit a more stable water quality system, with less variance and lower cyanotoxin risk. In a broader drinking water management perspective, the presented method is promising to reduce cyanotoxin risk, as well as TP and TOC, which are all predicted to increase with global warming and extreme weather.

scholarly journals The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1991
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Kristofer Hägg ◽  
Kenneth M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Cyanobacterial Biomass

Artificial groundwater recharge is commonly used for drinking water supply. The resulting water quality is highly dependent on the raw water quality. In many cases, pretreatment is required. Pretreatment improves the drinking water quality, although how and to what extent it affects the subsequent pond water quality and infiltration process, is still unknown. We evaluated two treatment systems by applying different pretreatment methods for raw water from a eutrophic and temperate lake. An artificial recharge pond was divided into two parts, where one received raw water, only filtered through a microscreen with 500 µm pores (control treatment), while the other part received pretreated lake water using chemical flocculation with polyaluminum chloride (PACl) combined with sand filtration, i.e., continuous contact filtration (contact filter treatment). Water quality factors such as cyanobacterial biomass, microcystin, as well as organic matter and nutrients were measured in both treatment processes. Microcystin condition was screened by an immunoassay and a few selected samples were examined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) which is a chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry. Results showed that cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin after the contact filter treatment were significantly different from the control treatment and also significantly different in the pond water. In addition, with contact filter treatment, total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter removal were significantly improved in the end water, TP was reduced by 96% (<20 µg/L) and the total organic carbon (TOC) was reduced by 66% instead of 55% (TOC content around 2.1 mg/L instead of 3.0 mg/L). This full-scale onsite experiment demonstrated effective pretreatment would benefit a more stable water quality system, with less variance and lower microcystin risk. From a broader drinking water management perspective, the presented method is promising for reducing cyanotoxin risk, as well as TP and TOC, which are all predicted to increase with global warming and extreme weather.

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