Increasing Self-Confidence in Students from Different Universities through Exercises in Body Technique and Dance Therapy

Objectives of this article refer to ways to increase self-confidence in students from different universities in Transylvania manifested by the values of self-depreciation, infatuation and self-esteem. These are realized through the use of complex exercises on music in the form of dance-therapy and body technique. Purpose: elaboration of an action strategy to modify the self-depreciation, self-esteem, infatuation. Hypothesis: by introducing the exercises of body technique and dance-therapy, the aim is to modify the components of the ASSI psychological test: self-depreciation, infatuation and self-esteem Material and Methods: statistical processing was performed with the program Stats Direct v.2.7.2. The graphical representation of the results was done with the Excel application (from the Microsoft Office 2010 package). The tests used are: ASSI and an intervention program based on exercises in body technique and dance therapy. The subjects participating in the experiment with a duration of 6 months by 200 students at the Technical University Cluj-Napoca, and the extension from Baia-Mare and from the Academy of Music "Gheorghe Dima" from Cluj-Napoca. The period: of development was between October 2019 and March 2020. The results: of this study are due to the intervention program through exercises in body technique and dance therapy performed by the experimental group compared to the control group. In the case of A-SN it is a good correlation but of the opposite direction, which means that if (A) self-depreciation decreases then (SN) self-esteem increases. In the case of I-SN it is an acceptable correlation and of the same meaning, which means that if (I) the infatuation increases and (SN) the self-esteem increases, were observed statistically significantly significant differences between the two times (p <0.001). Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were observed in the indicators of the ASSI tests (self-depreciation, self-esteem, infatuation) which indicates, that our intervention program in the preliminary study had a positive and measurable impact on students in terms of improving self-depreciation and infatuation, as well as increasing self-esteem.

Hydrothermal Sphalerites from Ore Deposits of Baia Mare Area

Sphalerite is an abundant mineral in the hydrothermal deposits from the Baia Mare and Oaș areas (northwestern Romania). Sphalerite samples were analyzed with an electron probe microanalyzer and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated different amounts of Fe in the various deposits from the Baia Mare and Oaș areas. The sphalerites from Baia Sprie, Cavnic, Iba, Turț Penigher, and Breiner have a low Fe wt.% content. High Fe wt.% contents are at Herja and partly at Ghezuri and Nistru (copper stage) where sphalerite is associated with pyrrhotite. The correlation between iron and zinc from sphalerites is strongly negative. The negative correlation shows that iron is the main element that replaces zinc in the sphalerite structure. The manganese content of sphalerites in the Baia Mare and Oaș area is up to 0.84 wt.%. The cadmium content is quite uniform in the Baia Mare and Oaș area with contents ranging from 0.01 to 0.72 wt.%. The Fe content of sphalerites is an important indicator of the physico-chemical conditions of deposit formation because it is a function of temperature, pressure, and sulfur fugacity.

Dietary Metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn) Exposure and Associated Health Risks in Baia Mare Area, Northwestern Romania

This study estimated the non-carcinogenic health risk of Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn via dietary intake in the urban and rural areas of Baia Mare city, northwestern Romania, a former mining area. A total of 230 food items grouped in ten food categories (meat and animal organs, meat-derived products, animal fat, eggs, dairy, bread, corn flour, potato, vegetables, fruits) and 32 water samples were collected and analyzed for Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn using atomic absorption spectrometric method. The human health risk assessment through dietary exposure was evaluated by calculating the estimated daily intake of metals, the Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) and the Total Target Hazard Quotients (TTHQ) for normal daily consumption in adults. The average daily intakes of Pb, Cd and Zn were higher than the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) reference value for urban and rural residents, which showed that there was a potentially high risk of ingestion of food and water. The average daily intake of Cu with food and drinking water was lower than the corresponding TDI value, which indicated that Cu intake was not a potential hazard to the health of residents in the study areas. The individual target hazard quotients, calculated for food consumption in urban area decreased in the following order: Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn, and in rural area: Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn, having values higher than 1 for Pb and Cd in the rural area and approximately equal to 1 for Cd (urban) and Cu (rural), indicating non-carcinogenic adverse health effects. The TTHQs for the two areas (urban and rural) were 2.934 and 5.164, respectively, established cumulative adverse effects of metals. The results showed that vegetables, potato and bread were the main sources of metal intake from foodstuff for adults, but fruit, water and meat were secondary contributors.

Sphalerite Composition in Low- and Intermediate-Sulfidation Epithermal Ore Bodies from the Roșia Montană Au-Ag Ore Deposit, Apuseni Mountains, Romania

We evaluated the significance of the iron and manganese content in sphalerite as a tool for distinguishing between low-sulfidation and intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposits on the basis of new and previously published electron probe microanalyses data on the Roșia Montană epithermal ore deposit and available microchemical data from the Neogene epithermal ore deposits located in the Apuseni Mountains and Baia Mare region, Romania. Two compositional trends of the Fe vs. Mn content in sphalerite were delineated, a Fe-dominant and a Mn-dominant, which are poor in Mn and Fe, respectively. The overlapping compositional range of Fe and Mn in sphalerite in low-sulfidation and intermediate-sulfidation ores suggests that these microchemical parameters are not a reliable tool for distinguishing these epithermal mineralization styles.

Faces of Marginal Housing in Romania

Marginal settlements may be defined as inhabited areas characterized by a series of negative features, typicallyethnic segregation, social discrimination, poor living conditions and conflicts, with impact on their dwellers and neighboring communities. In Romania, informal settlements were legislated in 2019; it subsequently became mandatory for the local authorities to spatially delimit them and formulate measures to improve living conditions. However, there are still numerous issues to be solved, from the lack of basic services (health, education) to the persistent poor living conditions or serious environmental problems. The Roma communities selected for our study are no exception. They are located on the outskirts of some cities or in their historical centers (Cluj-Napoca, Sibiu, Timișoara, Baia Mare). Through content analysis, based on print and electronic media from the last 10 years (n = 150 news items), different aspects of marginal housing were illustrated. The results of the study revealed some particular aspects, namely: some of the Roma communities are relocated whilst some others are subject to environmental conflicts; funding addressing the quality of life of Roma ethnics seems to deepen the phenomenon of segregation among communities, most of the measures being limited to the creation of housing facilities.

Ferenczy Károly kettős portréja Schönherr Antalról és Schönherr Gyuláról (1902)

In the autumn of 1902 Károly Ferenczy (1862–1917) painted a double portrait of Gyula Schönherr (1864–1908) and his father Antal Schönherr (†1905) in Nagybánya (today Baia Mare, Romania). Antal Schönherr was the police chief of the town, but his son had long been living in Budapest and pursued a serious career as a historian. After the onset of his career in the Archives of the Hungarian National Museum, he edited the periodical Turul rallying heraldic research, the periodical of book historical research Magyar Könyvszemle, the volumes of the Millennial Hungarian History, and he became the secretary of the National Inspectorate of Museums and Libraries set up in 1897. In 1896, at the age of 32, he became corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He supported the art colony of Nagybánya from its foundation. Károly Ferenczy was a friend of the Schönherr family in Nagybánya; he painted the double portrait as a present to Gyula Schönherr. Gyula Schönherr’s unpublished letters to his family reveal the process of portraiture (with references to the creative methods of the painter), the display and reception of the portrait in Budapest and its subsequent fate, the further contacts between Ferenczy and his painter friends and the Schönherr family. After Gyula Schönherr’s death the painting remained with the family, who donated it to the Museum of Fine Arts in 1926, since when it has been in public collections.

A multidisciplinary study for geothermal energy sources identification in the Baia Mare area (Romania)

&lt;p&gt;Geothermal energy is known as a renewable source that has little effect on environment, since no burning process is involved in the producing of thermal and electric energy. Geothermal water is considered an environmentally friendly energy source which is valuable especially in polluted areas. Our study area, the Baia Mare region, is located in the northwestern part of Romania, a region known as one of the most polluted environment in Romania due to its long-lasting local mining and metallurgical activities. Additional quantities of CO2 emissions resulted from the use of various, relatively cheap, heating sources by the local population. The main goals of our study are to evaluate the subsurface geothermal potential of the Baia Mare area and to identify promising geothermal exploitation sites. Heat flow values in this area are among the highest in Romania. We therefore plan to combine geological, geophysical, geochemical and hydrogeological data (geo-data) in order to provide a geoscientific solution for increasing the geothermal energy production in this part of Romania. Our research program contains surface geological mapping, geophysical surveys (active and passive seismic, magnetic, magnetotelluric and geothermal), geochemical analysis, hydrogeological surveys, modeling of geo-data and joint interpretation of geo-data. An initial 3D geothermal model will be built using existent geo-data. This model will help us to identify subsurface structures which show high potential for geothermal exploration. Interpretation of existent active seismic data collected during previous hydrocarbon exploration will provide information about the subsurface structural geology. The results of the new interpretation will be compared and correlated with the existent geological maps and sections for the study area. The magnetic data available in the public domain will be used to identify subsurface igneous bodies. The temperature data available from previous measurements will be used to build temperature-versus-depth distributions. These results will be analysed within a larger geodynamic framework. A pilot site will be selected after the analysis of the initial 3D geothermal model on which we plan to collect and record new geo-data. Data processing, inversion and modeling will be performed in order to create the final geothermal model with locations of promising exploitation wells.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Impact of an Abandoned Mining Site - Central Flotation Platform

The paper highlights a strong environmental impact due to a mining perimeter (Central Flotation - Baia Mare) in which significant quantities of complex and concentrated ores were abandoned without the most basic protection measures against environmental factors. The period of time since the cessation of activity has been more than 14 years, during which time an extreme reactivity took place, generating an acid drainage with very low pH and heavy metals exceeding hundreds and even thousands of times the maximum allowed values. These waters reach the natural receptors directly or infiltrate the groundwater. Another serious aspect is given by the fact that this site is located in the middle of the busiest community in Maramureș County (upstream of Baia Mare) and close to rural communities that practice agriculture and animal husbandry. Alongside the already existing environmental problems in the perimeter there is also added seepage of mine water through the exit of the tunnel from the Herja mine. Also adjacent is the Central pond with a supply of mine water and toxic dust.

Influencia de la industrialización en la salud ambiental: Visión histórica desde la revolución industrial a la pandemia por COVID-19

La contaminación ambiental, se inicia con la época industrial y se acrecienta luego de la segunda guerra mundial con el auge de la tecnología. En la década de los 70 el hombre comienza a tomar conciencia de la gravedad de este progresivo e irreparable daño. La ecología y ciencias afines se desarrollan y por doquier se implementa acciones para manejar o paliar el daño. La contaminación puede alterar directamente los componentes de un ecosistema, agua, aire o suelos, pero también puede darse por presencia de fenómenos físicos o físicoquímicos inusuales, como calor o radiación ionizante. Sus efectos se manifiestan principalmente por daño a los ecosistemas y por tanto daño a la salud de los seres humanos, animales, vegetales, la tierra o el agua (Nebel, 1999; Clark, 2003). Hoy son harto conocidos los desastres ecológicos de Londres, Donora, Minamata, Chernobyl, Bophal, del Golfo Pérsico, del Danubio originado en Baia Mare o los de petróleo en los mares (Baxter, 1991). En el Perú, sabemos del daño ambiental de la Ciudad de la Oroya, del lago de Junín, el derrame de Choropampa y la contaminación urbana por polvo de plomo a partir de los depósitos de concentrados de minerales en el Callao. De acuerdo con la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, hay 20. 000 casos confirmados de COVID-19 en la Cuenca del Amazonas (Martín, 2020). Mineros de oro y taladores ilegales están exponiendo a las comunidades indígenas a riesgos de salud considerables, una situación que podría tener consecuencias severas dadas la pobre capacidad de respuesta de los hospitales y servicios de salud en la región. Por tanto, la propagación del virus en estas comunidades podría implicar una tragedia que, además de las pérdidas humanas, podría, a su vez, afectar el conocimiento tradicional y producir efectos negativos en la gobernanza de la región. Como resultado, podría haber incluso mayor deforestación en el futuro. Políticas diferenciales para atender a las poblaciones étnicas en la región son una necesidad urgente (Bermudez et al., 2020; Vélez et al., 2020a). Es por ello que la presente investigación se planteo establecer la Influencia de la industrialización en la salud ambiental: Visión histórica desde la revolución industrial a la pandemia por COVID-19

STEPS IN UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF INSTABILITY UPON URBAN TERITORRIAL SYSTEMS

Instability is an omnipresent process that creates the conditions for adaptation and change. A territorial system cannot develop without instability. A high degree of system instability points out an acute structural and functional disorder. The present study proposes a method to measure system instability through economic structural and functional changes inside urban territorial systems. The analysis is done by quantifying the changes and transfers in internal economic hierarchies. System instability shows the role that the system plays in its environment and consequently the measures that can be taken to amplify or hinder (depending on the desired outcome) that role. The conceptual framework captures the adaptive processes associated with system instability and both structural and functional changes are evidenced. The non-linear processes were analysed for the urban territorial system of Baia Mare (Romania) underlining their role in the city’s adaptation to the changing of its environment. The proposed method starts from the assumption that internal systemic hierarchy is a very stable parameter of state. If the system is unstable, significant changes of the internal hierarchy will happen, and this will be reflected in a strong structural and functional shift. Measuring system instability helps better understanding the impact that change and adaptation have over the territorial system and its environment. Understanding these processes may offer policy makers the evidence they need to take actions in a conscious manner.