Removal methods of nematoda contained in the effluent of activated carbon

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
S. Ohgaki ◽  
T. Hirata ◽  
K. Toyooka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Physical Treatments

Effects of various alternative disinfectants, e.g. chlorine dioxide, ozone, ultraviolet radiation and chloramine, either alone or in combination with other physical treatments like sand filtration and membrane filtration, on the inactivation and removal of nematoda were studied. Ozone and chloramines were found to be effective for nematoda inactivation. Filtration alone was unable to remove nematoda completely. But the combination of UV radiation and sand filtration turned out to be very effective in the removal of nematoda from drinking water. 90% inactivation of nematoda needed a UV dose of (D10-value) 135 mJ/cm2, while 99% inactivation required 232.5 (135 + 97.5) mJ/cm2. This study was a part of a five-year national research project “Advanced Aqua Clean Technology for 21st Century” (ACT21).

Removal of cyanobacterial metabolites through wastewater treatment plant filters

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Ho ◽  
Daniel Hoefel ◽  
Charlotte Grasset ◽  
Sebastien Palazot ◽  
Gayle Newcombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
High Nutrient

Wastewaters have the potential to proliferate excessive numbers of cyanobacteria due to high nutrient levels. This could translate to the production of metabolites, such as the saxitoxins, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), which can impair the quality of wastewater destined for re-use. Biological sand filtration was assessed for its ability to remove these metabolites from a wastewater. Results indicated that the sand filter was incapable of effectively removing the saxitoxins and in some instances, the effluent of the sand filter displayed greater toxicity than the influent. Conversely, the sand filter was able to effectively remove geosmin and MIB, with removal attributed to biodegradation. Granular activated carbon was employed as an alternative filter medium to remove the saxitoxins. Results showed similar removals to previous drinking water studies, where efficient removals were initially observed, followed by a decrease in the removal; a consequence of the presence of competing organics which reduced adsorption of the saxitoxins.

Reducing the chlorine dioxide demand in final disinfection of drinking water treatment plants using activated carbon

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1499-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Michela Biasibetti ◽  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Barbara Marianna Crotti
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

ControllingGiardiaspp. andCryptosporidiumspp. in drinking water by microbial reduction processes

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R Finch ◽  
Miodrag Belosevic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Waterborne Viruses

Drinking water microbial reduction has evolved from simple, effective chlorination to control waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever to advanced systems using ozone, chlorine dioxide, ultraviolet radiation, and combinations of disinfectants to control waterborne diseases such as poliomyelitis, hepatitis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis. Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. have posed a major challenge to the water industry from a variety of perspectives. They occur in low concentrations in source waters, their infective doses in humans are low when compared with typical waterborne viruses and bacteria, they are difficult to inactivate with chlorine compounds, and they are difficult to determine if they are dead when detected in the environment or after microbial reduction in water treatment. However, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. are readily controlled by ozone or ultraviolet radiation over a wide range of water-quality conditions. Chlorine dioxide provides a simple alternative to chlorine in some circumstances. Using modern microbial reduction process design techniques such as the integrated disinfection design framework (IDDF) ensures the provision of drinking water with a low risk of transmitting human pathogens to the consumer.Key words: ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, ultraviolet, disinfection, microbial reduction, drinking water, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, parasite.

Study of Indigenous Virus Removal at Different Stages in a Drinking Water Plant Treating River Water

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Agbalika ◽  
P. Hartemann ◽  
J. C. Joret ◽  
A. Hassen ◽  
M. M. Bourbigot
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Elution Method

The virological efficiency of individual treatment processes in a plant which produces drinking water from water of the river Oise was investigated. The plant had a capacity of 270,000 to 360,000 m3/d. The sequence of treatment processes was preozonation (0.5 - 1 mg/l)-storage - coagulation - flocculation - settling - sand filtration-second stage ozomtion (2.0 mg/l) - activated carbon filtration - post ozonation (0.4 mg/l free residual for 4 min)- chlorine dioxide (0.1 mg/l). Nine series of samples were taken after various treatment stages and analysed. Viruses were recovered by an absorption-elution method using electronegative (C 100-12 Balston) or electropositive (Virosorb 1 MDS Cuno) filters. The volume of water tested varied between 30 and 1 000 1, depending on filtration efficiency. BGM cells were used for virus detection, and all samples of raw water yielded positive results, with counts between 10 and 146 PFU/1 000 l.Viral counts decreased by 89%, 77% and 55% after intermittent preozonation and storage, settling and sand filtration, respectively. No viruses were recovered from the water after the second stage ozonation. The subsequent post-ozonation and final treatment with chlorine dioxide served as additional barriers to ensure a virologically safe drinking water supply.

scholarly journals Výskyt pesticídnych látok vo vodnom prostredí a ich odstraňovanie z pitných vôd pomocou pokročilých oxidačných procesov

Entecho ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tamara Pacholská ◽  
Pavla Šmejkalová
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Intensive Use

Intenzívne používanie pesticídnych látok spôsobilo na mnohých miestach vážne problémy v ekosystéme, najmä čo sa týka vodných zdrojov, kam sa tieto látky dostávajú. Keďže klasickou vodárenskou technológiou nie je možné pesticídy z vody odstraňovať, nachádzajú sa tak tieto látky v nadlimitných koncentráciách v pitných vodách. Preto je nutné navrhnúť technológiu, ktorá bude v ich odstraňovaní účinná. Ako vhodné sa ukazujú pokročilé oxidačné procesy (AOPs) v kombinácii s granulovaným aktívnym uhlím (GAU). Cieľom tohto experimentu bolo porovnať účinok ozonizácie a pokročilých oxidačných procesov, z ktorých sa overovala kombinácia ozónu s UV žiarením (O3 + UV) a ozónu s peroxidom vodíka (O3 + H2O2) s následnou sorpciou na GAU. Abstract (en) Intensive use of pesticides has caused serious problems in the ecosystem in many places, especially in terms of the water resources to which pesticides enter. It is not possible to remove pesticides from water using conventional water supply technology, so these substances are found in above-limit concentrations in drinking water. Therefore, it is necessary to design a technology that will be effective in removing them. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in combination with granular activated carbon (GAU) prove to be suitable. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effect of ozonation and advanced oxidation processes, which verified the combination of ozone with UV radiation (O3 + UV) and ozone with hydrogen peroxide (O3 + H2O2) followed by sorption on GAU.

scholarly journals Effects of coconut granular activated carbon pretreatment on membrane filtration in a gravitational driven process to improve drinking water quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Vieira da Silva ◽  
Natália Ueda Yamaguchi ◽  
Gilselaine Afonso Lovato ◽  
Fernando Alves da Silva ◽  
Miria Hespanhol Miranda Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Drinking Water Quality

Resorcinarene Cavitand Polymers for the Remediation of Halomethanes and 1,4-Dioxane

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Skala ◽  
Anna Yang ◽  
Max Justin Klemes ◽  
Leilei Xiao ◽  
William Dichtel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Regulatory Limits

<p>Executive summary: Porous resorcinarene-containing polymers are used to remove halomethane disinfection byproducts and 1,4-dioxane from water.<br></p><p><br></p><p>Disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes are some of the most common micropollutants found in drinking water. Trihalomethanes are formed upon chlorination of natural organic matter (NOM) found in many drinking water sources. Municipalities that produce drinking water from surface water sources struggle to remain below regulatory limits for CHCl<sub>3</sub> and other trihalomethanes (80 mg L<sup>–1</sup> in the United States). Inspired by molecular CHCl<sub>3</sub>⊂cavitand host-guest complexes, we designed a porous polymer comprised of resorcinarene receptors. These materials show higher affinity for halomethanes than a specialty activated carbon used for trihalomethane removal. The cavitand polymers show similar removal kinetics as activated carbon and have high capacity (49 mg g<sup>–1</sup> of CHCl<sub>3</sub>). Furthermore, these materials maintain their performance in real drinking water and can be thermally regenerated under mild conditions. Cavitand polymers also outperform activated carbon in their adsorption of 1,4-dioxane, which is difficult to remove and contaminates many public water sources. These materials show promise for removing toxic organic micropollutants and further demonstrate the value of using supramolecular chemistry to design novel absorbents for water purification.<br></p>

Low-pressure membrane filtration with unconventional coagulation regimes

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.Y. Choi ◽  
B.A. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Charge Neutralization ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Pre Treatment

The objective of the research was to evaluate in-line coagulation to improve performance during ultrafiltration (UF). In-line coagulation means use of coagulants without removal of coagulated solids prior to UF. Performance was evaluated by removal of contaminants (water quality) and by resistance to filtration and recovery of flux after hydraulic or chemical cleaning (water production). We hypothesized that coagulation conditions inappropriate for conventional treatment, in particular under-dosing conditions that produce particles that neither settle nor are removed in rapid sand filters, would be effective for in-line coagulation prior to UF. A variety of pre-treatment processes for UF have been investigated including coagulation, powdered activated carbon (PAC) or granular activated carbon (GAC), adsorption on iron oxides or other pre-formed settleable solid phases, or ozonation. Coagulation pre-treatment is often used for removal of fouling substances prior to NF or RO. It has been reported that effective conventional coagulation conditions produced larger particles and this reduced fouling during membrane filtration by reducing adsorption in membrane pores, increasing cake porosity, and increasing transport of foulants away from the membrane surface. However, aggregates produced under sweep floc conditions were more compressible than for charge neutralization conditions, resulting in compaction when the membrane filtration system was pressurized. It was known that the coagulated suspension under either charge-neutralization or sweep floc condition showed similar steady-state flux under the cross-flow microfiltration mode. Another report on the concept of critical floc size suggested that flocs need to reach a certain critical size before MF, otherwise membranes can be irreversibly clogged by the coagulant solids. The authors were motivated to study the effect of various coagulation conditions on the performance of a membrane filtration system.

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