PENGEMBANGAN PELAYANAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI AIR MINUM KOTA TEGAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Yustika Kusumawardani ◽  
Wiharyanti Oktiawan ◽  
Ganjar Samudro
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Central Java

Kota Tegal merupakan salah satu daerah otonom di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang memiliki jumlah penduduk 248.722 jiwa dengan jumlah kepala keluarga sebesar 61.513. Namun dari keseluruhan jumlah penduduk tersebut tercatat hanya 11.882 pelanggan atau sekitar 19,32% penduduk yang terlayani oleh PDAM Kota Tegal dan tingkat kebocoran air sebesar 44,21%. Tekanan air pada sistem distribusi eksisting sangat rendah karena menara air yang tersedia tidak dapat difungsikan.  Kapasitas sumber air baku yang saat ini dimiliki PDAM Kota Tegal adalah 190 lt/dtk. Pengembangan jaringan distribusi sistem penyediaan air minum untuk wilayah Kota Tegal direncanakan hingga tahun 2021 dengan menggunakan sumber air baku baru yang berasal dari PDAB Jawa Tengah yaitu penambahan sebesar 200 liter/detik. Kapasitas air tersebut digunakan untuk menambah wilayah pelayanan di kecamatan Tegal Selatan, Tegal Barat, Tegal Timur dan Margadana. Pengembangan jaringan distribusi baru dapat melayani  pelanggan sambungan rumah baru sebesar 16.071 SR dengan presentase rencana pengembangan hingga 79,80 % untuk seluruh wilayah Kota Tegal.  Tingkat pelayanan pada   Kecamatan Tegal Selatan, Tegal Timur, Tegal Barat dan untuk Kecamatan Margadana adalah 20,96% 16,92%, 19,19% dan 22,72% secara berturut-turut. Perencanaan jaringan distribusi baru tersebut menggunakan pola jaringan distribusi bercabang dan tidak terkoneksi dengan sistem jaringan distribusi lama dengan total anggaran biaya sebesar Rp 17.363.693.000,00. Tegal Region determined as one of the otonomical regions located in Central Java which has 248,722 populations with the number of head of household 61,513. From that total population was recorded only 11,882 custumers, or approximately 19.32% of the population served by PDAM Tegal with a leak rate it’s about 44.21%. Moreover the water pressure on the existing distribution system is very low because the water tower can not used. Capacity of raw water source that is currently owned by PDAM Tegal is 190 l/sec. Development of distribution networks for drinking water supply systems in Tegal region is planned until the year 2021 using the new raw water sources originating from PDAB in Central Java that is equal to 200 l/sec. Water capacity is used to increase the service area in the district of Tegal Selatan, Tegal Barat, Tegal Timur and Margadana. From that new development distribution network can fullfil customer connections for 16,071 household connections by the percentage of SR development plan up to 79.80% for the entire region Tegal. Which is the service level of each district are 20.96% for Tegal Selatan subdistrict, 16.92%, Tegal Timur subdistrict, 19.19% Tegal Barat subdistrict and 22.72% for Margadana subistrict. The new distribution network planning is designed using branch pattern of the distribution network and unconnected to the old system of distribution network results the total budget about Rp 17,363,693,000.00.

Determination of Neutral Point in Water Distribution Network Pipes with Variable Discharge on Route

2014 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Sarbu ◽  
Gabriel Ostafe
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Proposed Model

Distribution networks are an essential part of all water supply systems. Distribution system costs within any water supply scheme may be equal to or greater than 60% of the entire cost of the project. The reliability of supply is much greater in the case of looped networks. The pipe networks have concentrated outflows or uniform outflow along the length of each pipe. In some pipes with variable discharge of a looped distribution network, water velocity could be reversed between its extremities. Thus, it is a water stall point denominated neutral point in which the discharge is null. In this paper a mathematical model for the determination of water stall point location in the pipes with distributed consumption is developed. This model has been implemented in a computer program for PC microsystems. Numerical example will be presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model.

Aplikasi metode tahanan jenis dalam studi geologi karst Gua Seropan di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Pulung A. Pranantya ◽  
Nurlia Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Initial Exploration

In terms of geology, most areas in south of the Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the existence of underground river in caves, however, indicate the potential amount of water within the area, especially in the eastern part of the Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermen have discovered that Seropan cave contains fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using a multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The isopach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results, i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL. [DY1][PP2][DY1]Perbaiki grammarIn terms of geology, most areas in south of Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the exixtence of underground river in caves, however, indicate potential amount of water within the area especially in eastern part of Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermans has discovered that Seropan cave contain fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The iso pach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL.[PP2]Sudah diperbaiki

scholarly journals Configurations of Aromatic Networks for Power Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4317
Author(s):  
K. Prakash ◽  
F. R. Islam ◽  
K. A. Mamun ◽  
H. R. Pota
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

A distribution network is one of the main parts of a power system that distributes power to customers. While there are various types of power distribution networks, a recently introduced novel structure of an aromatic network could begin a new era in the distribution levels of power systems and designs of microgrids or smart grids. In order to minimize blackout periods during natural disasters and provide sustainable energy, improve energy efficiency and maintain stability of a distribution network, it is essential to configure/reconfigure the network topology based on its geographical location and power demand, and also important to realize its self-healing function. In this paper, a strategy for reconfiguring aromatic networks based on structures of natural aromatic molecules is explained. Various network structures are designed, and simulations have been conducted to justify the performance of each configuration. It is found that an aromatic network does not need to be fixed in a specific configuration (i.e., a DDT structure), which provides flexibility in designing networks and demonstrates that the successful use of such structures will be a perfect solution for both distribution networks and microgrid systems in providing sustainable energy to the end users.

Swarm-Intelligence-Based Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution Network

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Perumal Nallagownden ◽  
Irraivan Elamvazuthi ◽  
Pandian Vasant ◽  
Luqman Hakim Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Placement

In the distribution system, distributed generation (DG) are getting more important because of the electricity demands, fossil fuel depletion and environment concerns. The placement and sizing of DGs have greatly impact on the voltage stability and losses in the distribution network. In this chapter, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been proposed for optimal placement and sizing of DG to improve voltage stability index in the radial distribution system. The two i.e. active power and combination of active and reactive power types of DGs are proposed to realize the effect of DG integration. A specific analysis has been applied on IEEE 33 bus system radial distribution networks using MATLAB 2015a software.

scholarly journals Benefits of Embungs in the Rawa Pening Catchment Area for Reducing Tuntang River Flood Discharge

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 08029
Author(s):  
Darsono Suseno ◽  
S Suripin ◽  
Budieny Hary ◽  
Cholifatul Afifah Risdiana ◽  
Pujiastuti Ratih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Control Sediment ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
River Flood

Rawa Pening is a natural lake as a source of water for Tuntang River which is used for hydropower, raw water source, main irrigation water source in Glapan weir located in Grobogan District, Central Java provinces. Rawa Pening will be developed as location of national and international ecotourism. An Optimal Water Resources Management is required with several studies. This study is the beginning of a series of studies planned to determine the potential of embungs and its utilization as flood control, sediment control of Rawa Pening and for reducing weeds growth.

scholarly journals Does the source of water for piped supplies affect child health? Evidence from rural Vanuatu

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
Tim Foster ◽  
Emily Rand ◽  
Erie Sami ◽  
Brieana Dance ◽  
Jeremy Kohlitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Piped water systems are considered to provide the highest service level for drinking water supplies; however, global monitoring of safe water access pays little attention to the type of water source that piped systems draw upon, even if the water is not treated prior to distribution. This study sought to understand whether the source of water for untreated piped supplies influences the prevalence of diarrhoea among children in rural Vanuatu. The analysis was based on a dataset integrating a Demographic and Health Survey and a nationwide water supply inventory. After adjusting for a range of potential confounders, the results revealed a significant association between diarrhoea and the type of water source supplying a piped system. Compared with borehole-supplied piped systems, spring-fed piped systems were significantly associated with increased odds of diarrhoea (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–31, p = 0.040). No significant association between diarrhoea and piped systems drawing on surface water was observed. Increased odds of diarrhoea were significantly associated with water supply systems constructed prior to the year 2000 (AOR 4.9, 95% CI 1.9–13, p = 0.001). The results highlight the need for improvements in spring protection as well as ongoing maintenance and periodic renewal of water supply infrastructure. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

Optimal overcurrent relay coordination in distribution network based on Lightning Flash Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1140-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Kheshti ◽  
Xiaoning Kang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Relay Coordination ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Distribution network protection is a complicated problem and mal-operation of the protective relays due to false settings make the operation of the network unreliable. Besides, obtaining proper settings could be very complicated. This paper aims to discuss an innovative evolutionary Lightning Flash Algorithm (LFA) which is developed for solving the relay coordination problems in distribution networks. The proposed method is inspired from the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in a thunderstorm phenomenon. LFA is applied on three case study systems including ring, interconnected and radial distribution networks. The power flow analysis is performed in Digsilent Power Factory software; then the collected data are sent to MATLAB software for optimization process. The proposed algorithm provides optimum time multiplier setting and plug setting of all digital overcurrent relays in each system. The results are compared with other methods such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. The result comparisons demonstrate that the proposed LFA can successfully obtain proper relay settings in distribution networks with faster speed of convergence and lower total operation time of relays. Also, it shows the superiority and effectiveness of this method against other algorithms. Design/methodology/approach A novel LFA is designed based on the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in a thunderstorm. This method is used to optimally adjust the time multiplier setting and plug setting of the relays in distribution system to provide a proper coordination scheme. Findings The proposed algorithm was tested on three case study systems, and the results were compared with other methods. The results confirmed that the proposed method could optimally adjust the relay settings in the electric distribution system to provide a proper protection scheme. Practical implications The practical implications can be conducted on distribution networks. The studies provided in this paper approve the practical application of the proposed method in providing proper relay protection in real power system. Originality/value This paper proposes a new evolutionary method derived from the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in thunderstorm. The proposed method can be used as an optimization toolbox to solve complex optimization problems in practical engineering systems.

scholarly journals Reactive Power Management Considering Stochastic Optimization under the Portuguese Reactive Power Policy Applied to DER in Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abreu ◽  
Soares ◽  
Carvalho ◽  
Morais ◽  
Simão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
System Operator

Challenges in the coordination between the transmission system operator (TSO) and the distribution system operator (DSO) have risen continuously with the integration of distributed energy resources (DER). These technologies have the possibility to provide reactive power support for system operators. Considering the Portuguese reactive power policy as an example of the regulatory framework, this paper proposes a methodology for proactive reactive power management of the DSO using the renewable energy sources (RES) considering forecast uncertainty available in the distribution system. The proposed method applies a stochastic sequential alternative current (AC)-optimal power flow (SOPF) that returns trustworthy solutions for the DSO and optimizes the use of reactive power between the DSO and DER. The method is validated using a 37-bus distribution network considering real data. Results proved that the method improves the reactive power management by taking advantage of the full capabilities of the DER and by reducing the injection of reactive power by the TSO in the distribution network and, therefore, reducing losses.

Research on the Voltage Influence of Active Distribution Network with Distributed Generation Access

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yi Zhou ◽  
Ling Yun Wang ◽  
Wen Yue Liang ◽  
Li Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Network ◽  
Active Distribution Network ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Active Distribution Networks

Distributed generation (DG) has an important influence on the voltage of active distribution networks. A unidirectional power distribution network will be transformed into a bidirectional, multiple power supply distribution network after DGs access to the distribution network and the direction of power flow is also changed. Considering the traditional forward and backward substitution algorithm can only deal with the equilibrium node and PQ nodes, so the other types of DGs should be transformed into PQ nodes, then its impact on active distribution network can be analyzed via the forward and backward substitution algorithm. In this paper, the characteristics of active distribution networks are analyzed firstly and a novel approach is proposed to convert PI nodes into PQ nodes. Finally, a novel forward and backward substitution algorithm is adopted to calculate the power flow of the active distribution network with DGs. Extensive validation of IEEE 18 and 33 nodes distribution system indicates that this method is feasible. Numerical results show that when DG is accessed to the appropriate location with proper capacity, it has a significant capability to support the voltages level of distribution system.

scholarly journals Smart Meter Traffic in a Real LV Distribution Network

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Andreadou ◽  
Evangelos Kotsakis ◽  
Marcelo Masera
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Message Size ◽  
Real Distribution ◽  
Advanced Metering

The modernization of the distribution grid requires a huge amount of data to be transmitted and handled by the network. The deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure systems results in an increased traffic generated by smart meters. In this work, we examine the smart meter traffic that needs to be accommodated by a real distribution system. Parameters such as the message size and the message transmission frequency are examined and their effect on traffic is showed. Limitations of the system are presented, such as the buffer capacity needs and the maximum message size that can be communicated. For this scope, we have used the parameters of a real distribution network, based on a survey at which the European Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have participated. For the smart meter traffic, we have used two popular specifications, namely the G3-PLC–“G3 Power Line communication” and PRIME–acronym for “PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution”, to simulate the characteristics of a system that is widely used in practice. The results can be an insight for further development of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems that control and monitor the Low Voltage (LV) distribution grid. The paper presents an analysis towards identifying the needs of distribution networks with respect to telecommunication data as well as the main parameters that can affect the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) system performance. Identifying such parameters is consequently beneficial to designing more efficient ICT systems for Advanced Metering Infrastructure.

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