A case study of the conversion of grey water to a flush water source in a Turkish student residence hall

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1659-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Giresunlu ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Residence Hall ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Student Residence ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

A case study of the conversion to grey water to a flush water source in a student residence hall of the Turkish megacity Istanbul is presented. Grey water from bathtubs/showers and washbasins is treated and reused for flushing toilets. Raw and membrane bio-reactor (MBR) treated grey water quality was monitored throughout one academic year using parameters to characterize organic matter (COD/BOD), suspended solids (TSS/VSS), nutrients (N/P) and microbiological indicators (total/fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus). For raw grey water, all mean concentrations are below the characteristic concentrations for weak conventional domestic wastewater in terms of physicochemical parameters. However, total coliform concentrations were 7 logs, which is compatible with weak/intermediate conventional domestic wastewater and the mean concentration of fecal coliforms was 6 logs, corresponding to intermediate/strong conventional domestic wastewater. Results of this work revealed that organic matter and microbiological indicators were the important pollutants for this specific grey water. After treatment in an MBR system, grey water quality complied with standards given for reuse as flush water. The student residence hall was a successful example of conversion to grey water as a flush water source. As such, 25% of the wastewater could be revaluated and 25% of the regular daily water supply could be saved.

Removal of Humic Substances by Coagulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. O’Melia ◽  
W.C. Becker ◽  
K.-K. Au
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Characteristic ◽  
Oxide Surfaces ◽  
Water Quality Characteristic ◽  
Coagulant Dosage

Measurements and modeling of the adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) on oxide surfaces are presented and compared. Agreement is good and supports the view that the adsorption of NOM on oxides depends significantly on complex formation reactions between specific sites on oxide surfaces and functional groups on the NOM. Coagulant requirements can and often are set by the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in a water source. Frequently there is a stoichiometric relationship between the required coagulant dosage and the TOC of the water to be treated. Other important factors include pH and the concentration of divalent cations. Ozone may benefit or retard coagulation, depending on coagulant type and the water quality characteristic that is dominant in setting the optimum coagulant dose.

Fate of effluent organic matter and DBP precursors in an effluent-dominated river: A case study of wastewater impact on downstream water quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1755-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiyang Chen ◽  
Seong-Nam Nam ◽  
Paul K. Westerhoff ◽  
Stuart W. Krasner ◽  
Gary Amy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Effluent Organic Matter

scholarly journals Construccion de un prototipo anaerobio para el tratamiento de aguas residuales

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
José Alberto Rodriguez-Morales ◽  
Gabriela Guadalupe Silva- Garcia ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ramos-Lopez ◽  
Janet Ledesma-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Effluent Sample ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Stabilization Period

It has been proposed systems that adapt economically and technically to the conditions of most places that have a considerable water consumption. The work consisted of an anaerobic biological reactor in which the treatment of domestic wastewater was carried out. Sedimentation characteristics of the activated sludge were achieved after the second stabilization period. Throughout the treatment three samples were characterized (key, effluent and influent) in three times of hydraulic retention, of which were analyzed: pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, SST and COD. Additionally, the samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine COD, BOD5, fats and oils, and fecal coliforms. With the designed system removal percentages higher than 45% (key sample) and 34% (effluent sample) were obtained for COD and greater than 71% (key sample) and 57% (effluent sample) for SST. The parameters analyzed met the maximum permissible limits established in NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1997 and in PROY-NOM-001-Semarnat-2017. A filtration system was installed that increased the percentages of removal in the treated samples reaching a better water quality. Chlorine was also added to ensure the elimination of fecal coliforms.

scholarly journals PENGENALAN PENGGUNAAN BIOFILTER SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGATASI PENCEMARAN BAHAN ORGANIK DI PERAIRAN TAMBAK DI KELURAHAN LAKKANG, KOTA MAKASSAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Nita Rukminasari ◽  
Nadiarti Nurdin ◽  
Khusnul Yaqin ◽  
Moh. Tauhid Umar ◽  
Irmawati Irmawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Income Source ◽  
High Organic Matter ◽  
Brackishwater Pond

Introducing Biofilter as a Technique for Solving a Problem of Organic Pollutan at Brachiswater Pond at Lakkang Village, MakassarAbstract: Fish/shrimp culture at pond is one of income source for coastal community. Water sources for brackhiswater pond come from river and estuary.  The quality of water source for this pond depend on the quality of river and estuary.  On the other side, people use river to through it their waste not only domestic waste but also industrial waste along the river, consequently the pollutant in the river is high. Brackishwater pond along Tallo river has a source of water from River and Tallo Estuary.  A high organic concentration in the Tallo River has a significantly effect to the production of shrimp/fish pond.  A low water quality due to high organic matter could decrease the production of pond and farmers could not be able to grow out fish/shrimp for all year due to in particular month was occurred an increasing significantly of organic pollutant in the river. Introducing biofilter method to farmers for increasing  pond water quality and reducing organic waste in the pond is very important, so farmer could apply this simple biofilter technique for solving a problem of a high organic matter in their pond.  Applying biofilter techinique could be expected increasing water quality in the pond, consequently it could increase shrimp/pond production of farmers.Keywords: Biofilter, organic pollutant, Shrimp/fish pond, Tallo River and Lakkang Village.Abstrak: Budidaya ikan/udang di tambak merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan masyarakat pesisir.  Sumber air di tambak biasanya berasal dari sungai dan muara sungai.  Kualitas sumber air di tambak sangat tergantung kepada kualitas air sungai dan muara.  Di sisi lain, sungai merupakan tempat pembuangan limbah baik limbah domestic maupun limbah industry yang ada di sepanjang sungai sehingga kandungan limbah baik limbah organic maupun non organic cenderung sangat tinggi di perairan sungai. Pertambakan di sepanjang muara sungai Tallo, Kelurahan Lakkang sumber airnya berasal dari Sungai dan Muara Sungai Tallo.  Tingginya kandungan bahan organic di perairan Sungai Tallo sangat mempengaruhi produksi tambak masyarakat. Kondisi kualitas perairan yang rendah karena tingginya kandungan bahan organic menyebabkan semakin turunnya produksi tambak dan masyarakat tidak dapat membudidayakan ikan dan udangnya sepanjang tahun karena pada waktu-waktu tertentu terjadi peningkatan limbah bahan organic yang signifikan. Pengenalan metode biofilter untuk meningkatkan kualitas perairan tambak dan mengurangi limbah organic di tambak sangat penting untuk dilakukan sehingga masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan teknologi sederhana biofilter untuk mengatasi masalah tingginya konsentrasi bahan organik di tambak.  Dengan penerapan teknologi biofilter ini diharapkan terjadi peningkatan kualitas air tambak yang akan meningkatkan produksi budidaya udang/ikan.Kata kunci: Biofilter, pencemaran, bahan organic dan Kelurahan Lakkang. 

scholarly journals Relationship between Coliform Bacteria and Water Quality Factors at Weir Stations in the Nakdong River, South Korea

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mijin Seo ◽  
Haejin Lee ◽  
Yongseok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Nakdong River ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Nakdong River

Artificial structures installed in rivers can change the natural physical, physiochemical, and biological characteristics of the rivers. Coliform bacteria are important water quality indicators, related to human health. This study investigated the relationship between coliform bacteria and water quality factors at eight weir stations constructed in the Nakdong River, a major river in South Korea. Fifteen water quality factors were analyzed at these sites from 2012 to 2016 using correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results for all stations confirmed the analytical validity, with high adjusted R2 values of approximately 0.6 and 0.8 on average for total and fecal coliforms, respectively. The results showed influential water quality factors affecting the concentration of coliform bacteria at weir stations. Specifically, total coliforms were mostly affected by organic matter and fecal coliforms were mostly affected by phosphate phosphorus and suspended solids. Rainfall was the most influential factor affecting both coliforms. Further, both coliforms were negatively affected by organic matter below the Dalseong weir in the mid- to downstream area of the Nakdong River. A positive relationship with phosphate phosphorus was indicated at all weir stations. To the authors’ knowledge, this kind of study has never been attempted so far. Thus, the study results can provide important information on influential water quality factors related to coliform bacteria, especially in the Nakdong River, creating a foundation for future water quality management.

scholarly journals Enhancement of waste stabilization ponds efficacy using local fixed film materials

2007 ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
R.M. Al-Sa 'ed ◽  
N. Mahmoud ◽  
A. Abu-Madi ◽  
O.R. Zimmo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
In Series

This paper evaluates the feasibility of using local rock filter as natural media in waste stabilization ponds, A pilot-scale algae-rock filter ponds (ARPs) system was investigated, in parallel with algae-based ponds (ABPs) over a period of 6 months to evaluate the treatment efficacy of both systems. Each system entailed 4 equal ponds in series and was continuously fed with domestic wastewater from Birzeit University. The removal rates of organic matter, nutrients and faecal coliforms were monitored within each treatment system. The results obtained revealed that ARPs system was more efficient in the removal of organic matter (TSS and COD; 86% and 84%, respectively) and fecal coliforms (4 log10) than ABPs (81%, 81%, 3 log10, respectively). Nitrogen was reduced in the ARPs to an average of24 mg N/1; in contrast the ABPs effluent contained 32 mg N/1. Compared to ABP system, passive aerated ARPs option is an efficient, a low-cost and land-saving alternative with effluent quality suitable for restricted agricultural use in rural areas.

The Economic Impact on an Urban and Industrial Complex of Mineral Pollution in the Water Supply – A Case Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J C Heynike ◽  
S F McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mineral Pollution

The only water source available to the most dense urban industrial and mining territory in the Republic of South Africa is subjected to increasing mineral pollution. Investigations of the causes and effects are referred to as well as to the mathematical modelling of the water system that could lead to improved water quality. The economic effects and costs to the Community as a whole are described and quantified.

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