scholarly journals Construccion de un prototipo anaerobio para el tratamiento de aguas residuales

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
José Alberto Rodriguez-Morales ◽  
Gabriela Guadalupe Silva- Garcia ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ramos-Lopez ◽  
Janet Ledesma-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Effluent Sample ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Stabilization Period

It has been proposed systems that adapt economically and technically to the conditions of most places that have a considerable water consumption. The work consisted of an anaerobic biological reactor in which the treatment of domestic wastewater was carried out. Sedimentation characteristics of the activated sludge were achieved after the second stabilization period. Throughout the treatment three samples were characterized (key, effluent and influent) in three times of hydraulic retention, of which were analyzed: pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, SST and COD. Additionally, the samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine COD, BOD5, fats and oils, and fecal coliforms. With the designed system removal percentages higher than 45% (key sample) and 34% (effluent sample) were obtained for COD and greater than 71% (key sample) and 57% (effluent sample) for SST. The parameters analyzed met the maximum permissible limits established in NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1997 and in PROY-NOM-001-Semarnat-2017. A filtration system was installed that increased the percentages of removal in the treated samples reaching a better water quality. Chlorine was also added to ensure the elimination of fecal coliforms.

A case study of the conversion of grey water to a flush water source in a Turkish student residence hall

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1659-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Giresunlu ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Residence Hall ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Student Residence ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

A case study of the conversion to grey water to a flush water source in a student residence hall of the Turkish megacity Istanbul is presented. Grey water from bathtubs/showers and washbasins is treated and reused for flushing toilets. Raw and membrane bio-reactor (MBR) treated grey water quality was monitored throughout one academic year using parameters to characterize organic matter (COD/BOD), suspended solids (TSS/VSS), nutrients (N/P) and microbiological indicators (total/fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus). For raw grey water, all mean concentrations are below the characteristic concentrations for weak conventional domestic wastewater in terms of physicochemical parameters. However, total coliform concentrations were 7 logs, which is compatible with weak/intermediate conventional domestic wastewater and the mean concentration of fecal coliforms was 6 logs, corresponding to intermediate/strong conventional domestic wastewater. Results of this work revealed that organic matter and microbiological indicators were the important pollutants for this specific grey water. After treatment in an MBR system, grey water quality complied with standards given for reuse as flush water. The student residence hall was a successful example of conversion to grey water as a flush water source. As such, 25% of the wastewater could be revaluated and 25% of the regular daily water supply could be saved.

Rainwater harvesting in schools in Taiwan: system characteristics and water quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1767-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sung ◽  
C. C. Kan ◽  
M. W. Wan ◽  
C. R. Yang ◽  
J. C. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Water Quality Indicators

In order to understand the current status of rainwater harvesting (RWH) practices in Taiwan's schools, a study was carried out to examine the RWH system performance, water usage, and water quality in these sites. A total of 29 schools in various regions were selected for this investigation, including 7 in the northern, 7 in the central, 8 in the southern, and 7 in the eastern regions of Taiwan. Water quality indicators tested were: pH, temperature, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, suspended solid, total organic carbon, fecal coliform, and total coliform. From this study, it was found that RWH systems in these sites generally had two different designs: one that collected rainwater only, and one that collected both rainwater and grey water. From statistical analysis, it was found that water quality indicators such as suspended solids, total organic carbon, and fecal coliform were significantly affected by the water source and site location. Fecal coliforms in most of the sites we studied were high and not qualified for toilet flushing. The average water retention time of 2.4 months was long and considered to be the main reason to cause high fecal coliform counts. Finally, the benefit analysis was conducted to evaluate economic feasibility of rainwater harvesting for these schools. It turned out that 20% of them were able to gain economic benefits from using rainwater.

Water Quality of Swimming Pools in Jerusalem

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lerman ◽  
O. Lev ◽  
A. Adin ◽  
E. Katzenelson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Indirect Information

The Israel Ministry of Health is now revising its regulations for the assurance of safe water quality in public swimming pools. Since it is not possible to monitor each of the pathogenic microorganisms, it is often recommended to monitor indicator bacteria which provide indirect information on the water quality in the swimming pool. Three indicator microorganisms are often recommended: coliform counts (total coliforms, fecal coliforms or E. Coli), staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. A four year survey of the water quality of swimming pools in the Jerusalem District was conducted in order to determine whether the monitoring of all three indicators is necessary to assure safe water quality or is it sufficient to monitor only a single microorganism. A statistical analysis, conducted by using several different statistical techniques, reveals that the populations of the three indicator organisms are significantly interdependent but the correlations between each pair of these indicators are not sufficient to base a prediction of any of the organisms based on the measurements of the others. Therefore, it is concluded that monitoring of all three indicators should be recommended in order to provide an adequate picture of the water quality in swimming pools.

Water Quality Violations and Avoidance Behavior: Evidence from Bottled Water Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Graff Zivin ◽  
Matthew Neidell ◽  
Wolfram Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of poor water quality on avoidance behavior by estimating the change in bottled water purchases in response to drinking water violations. Using data from a national grocery chain matched with water quality violations, we find an increase in bottled water sales of 22 percent from violations due to microorganisms and 17 percent from violations due to elements and chemicals. Back-of-the envelope calculations yield costs of avoidance behavior at roughly $60 million for all nationwide violations in 2005, which likely reflects a significant understatement of the total willingness to pay to eliminate violations.

scholarly journals Multivariate Statistical Analysis Applied to Water Quality of a Tropical Coastal Lagoon, Cartagena, Colombian Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Ildefonso Baldiris-Navarro ◽  
Juan Carlos Acosta-Jimenez ◽  
Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado ◽  
Alvaro Realpe-Jimenez ◽  
Juan Gabriel Fajardo-Cuadro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Components Analysis

Coastal lagoons are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world, because of population growth, habitat destruction, pollution, wastewater, overexploitation and invasive species which are the main causes of their degradation. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the water quality behavior in a stressed coastal lagoon in Cartagena, Colombian Caribbean. Environmental data was analyzed using hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and also Principal components analysis (PCA). The study was focused on water parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), salinity, pH, total dissolved solids, total coliforms (TC), Fecal coliforms (FC), ammonium (NH4+) and total phosphorus (TP). The analysis was conducted in line with the Colombian national water standard. Results showed that BOD5, COD, phosphorus, and coliforms are out of the limits for these variables in Colombia and are reaching levels that may be a threat to human health. Principal components analysis detected five components that explained 79.4% of the variance of data and showed that anthropogenic and temporal factors might be affecting the variation of the parameters.

scholarly journals Sanitation and Water Quality in Port Harcourt Waterfront Settlements

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
C. J. Ugboma ◽  
M. A. S. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Port Harcourt

Sanitation and water quality are a good measure to judge the living standard and health status of a community. This study focused on the assessment of surface and ground water resources from selected waterfront areas within Port Harcourt metropolis notable for their poor sanitary conditions as receptacles for domestic wastes. Surface water (river) and ground water samples were collected from Abuloma waterfront, Marine Base and Afikpo (Diobu) and their microbiological and physiochemical parameters determined using standard laboratory methods. The microbiological parameters analyzed include total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC), fecal coliform count, total coliform count, Salmonella count, Shigella count and Vibrio count. The physiochemical parameters monitored include pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The THBC ranged from 15x101cfu/ml to 1.3x102 cfu/ml; total coliform count ranged from 0 to 17cfu/ml; all the samples had no fecal coliform; the Salmonella count ranged from 0 to 15 cfu/ml; the Shigella count ranged from 0 to 30cfu/ml and Vibrio count ranged from 0 to 15 cfu/ml. The pH values ranged from 5.9-7.6; temperature from 27.5°C to 29.6°C; salinity from 0.012 mg/l to 0.379 mg/l; conductivity from 17.8 s/cm to 19370 s/cm; TDS from 12.3 mg/l to 13610 mg/l; DO from 2.41 mg/l -3.4mg/l, turbidity from 0.24 NTU to 1.11 NTU and BOD from 16 mg/l to 120 mg/l. The results obtained showed that the water resources are not safe and pose risk to human health. These findings highlight the need to improve the sanitary condition of waterfront areas and promote water treatment to ensure the health and safety of the public.

scholarly journals Water Use Special Features under the Water Resources Scarcity Conditions (the Ishim River as a Study Case)

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-19
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Transboundary Basin ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

Special features of water use within the boundaries of the Ishim River transboundary basin (an area with very scanty water resources) have been analyzed. In spite of the general trend of water consumption volume reduction the water quality deterioration has been found in the basin. The degree of anthropogenic impact upon water resources have been assessed on the basis of direct and indirect indicators.

scholarly journals Analysis Quality of Water River and Quality of Well Water in The Surrounding of Rejo Agung Baru Sugar Factory Madiun

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanti Oktavia Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Quality Of Water

The quality of wastewater sugar factory produced will affect the environmental health quality around the factory. The study aimed to analyze the quality of water river and the quality of wells around the Rejo Agung Baru sugar factory in the Madiun. This study is an descriptive observational. The samples comprised of 5 sampels of water rivers and 7 samples of well water. The results of the study at the quality of water river showed that there are parameters (BOD5 and temperature) unqualified with the quality standards based on the East Java Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2008 about Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control in the East Java, the quality of water river is also affected by the waste water, trash, agricultural waste, and other pollutants. The result of measuring the quality of water well showed that there are parameters (organic substance) unqualified with quality standards based on Permenkes No: 416/Menkes/PER/ IX/1990 about the Terms and Water Quality Monitoring, the quality of Well water is also affected by the quality of water river, a distance of toilet, domestic wastewater and other pollutants. The quality of water river and the quality of well water have decreased that required supervision on the quality of a river water and the quality of water of a well.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality Characteristics of Kaduna River Receiving Wastewater Discharges

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
H. Garba ◽  
C. A. Elanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

An assessment of the chemical characteristics of industrial and domestic wastewater discharges on seven parameters into Kaduna River on a bimonthly basis was carried out. PH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride, nitrite, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and iron were analyzed to determine their concentration levels. From the analysis, the highest mean concentration of the parameters were 8.24 of pH, 7.7 mg/l of DO, 233.4 mg/l of chloride, 55.68 mg/l of COD, 27.95 mg/l of nitrite, 122.22 mg/l of BOD, and 17.05 mg/l of iron. After comparing with prescribed standards, it can be concluded that there is evidence of organic and inorganic accumulation of contaminants into River Kaduna.

scholarly journals CALIDAD MICROBIOLÓGICA DE Ulva lactuca Y Ulva clathrata (CHLOROPHYTA) DE LA COSTA DE LA PAZ, B.C.S., MÉXICO

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
R. N. Águila-Ramírez ◽  
C. J. Hernández-Guerrero ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Astudillo ◽  
R. Guerrero-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Ecological Criteria ◽  
Ulva Clathrata

Microbiological quality of Ulva lactuca and Ulva clathrata (Chlorophyta) along the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S., México Total, fecal coliforms and the enterococcus group in Ulva lactuca and U. clathrata were measured in four localities of the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico. Levels of fecal coliforms in water were below the standard of the Ecological Criteria of Water Quality (EC-WQ) which indicates a healthy La Paz inlet (below 200 MPN/100ml). Values of fecal coliforms in algae were below the NOM-031-SSA1-1993 levels determined for marine organisms destined for human consumption. These values were high only in few months. No enterococci were detected in the samples.

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