Water Quality Management in the Chemical Industry – BASF's Ludwigshafen Complex as an Example – Investigations, Design, Operation

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 583-607
Author(s):  
H Engelhardt ◽  
W G Haltrich ◽  
W Weisbrodt
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Halogenated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Waste Water Management

The BASF works Ludwigshafen - the largest integrated chemical complex in Europe - via re-organization of its waste water management (installation of a separate sewerage system, intra-plant measures, central chemical-mechanical-biological treatment plant) has achieved a reduction of the substance load discharged to the Rhine by ca. 98% in terms of BOD5 and by ca. 94% for COD and TOC. During many years (1961 - 1974) investigations have been carried out with pilot plants on laboratory scale (50l) as well as on semi-industrial scale (20 000 population equivalents) for selecting the suitable treatment procedure and dimensioning of the central treatment plant. The treatment procedure developed according to tests in the pilot plant (high-rate primary sedimentation to avoid activated sludge with poor settling properties, followed by an aeration stage in form of a circular basin according to the carrousel system, including a denitrification zone of variable volume) has proven successful in practice. The sludge volume index is 50 ml/g. In spite of varying nitrate concentrations the denitrification is working without problems. In the central treatment plant (dimensioning data 375 000 kg/d BOD5, ca. 100 000 kg/d NO3−, DWF 660 000 m3/d) BOD5 is degraded by 96%, COD as well as TOC by ca. 80 - 85%, while nitrate is eliminated by 95 %. It will be reported mainly on the operation experience. In addition to the central treatment facilities there are numerous decentralized measures in regard to the treatment of concentrated waste waters or waters containing poorly degradable substances like halogenated hydrocarbons and heavy metal-compounds.

Development of a portable direct filtration water treatment plant in northern Manitoba

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-729
Author(s):  
John W. Markowsky ◽  
David L. Woytowich ◽  
Ian C. Goulter
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Construction Operation

The Limestone Generating Project was reactivated in 1985. Part of the development of the project was to review and implement, if feasible, potable water treatment facilities for the construction community of Sundance. The source water, from the Nelson River, is of reasonably good quality. The turbidity, however, ranges from 4 to 70 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), averaging 15.2 NTU. Following preliminary and pilot plant studies, a high rate, deep bed direct filtration system was proposed and constructed to reduce turbidity to acceptable levels. A key feature of the plant is its portability. Owing to the innovative design, the three filters can be easily transferred for use at future construction sites on the Nelson River. This paper reviews and discusses the design, construction, operation, and costs of the plant. Key words: construction, design, direct filtration, high rate, Nelson River, operation, portability, turbidity.

Impact of Feeding Activity of Silver Carp on Plankton Removal from a High-Rate Pond Effluent

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Berday ◽  
Driss Zaoui ◽  
Abdeljaouad Lamrini ◽  
Mustapha Abi
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Plankton Communities

Abstract The effect of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) feeding activity on the plankton communities in a high-rate pond technology system (HRPTS) effluent was investigated over a period of 100 days. The experiment was conducted at the experimental wastewater treatment plant of the Agronomic and Veterinary Medicine Institute (AVI) of Rabat, Morocco, using a HRPTS in a fish pond receiving the plant effluent. The effluent was highly dominated by phytoplankton (99.95%). Silver carp could survive and grow in the fish pond. Production was 37 kg with a very low mortality rate (12%). The high specific intestine weight (7%) and intake rates of biomass and phytoplankton by silver carp (616 g kg-1 of fish day-1 and 1.6 x 1011 cell kg-1 of fish day-1, respectively) demonstrated the importance of the feeding activity of the fish. Zooplankton intake rates were lower (2 x 107 bodies kg-1 of fish day-1). The high intestine index (3 to 4.3 for fish sizes of 14 to 22 cm) and the dominance of phytoplankton in the gut contents (99.95%) confirmed an omnivorous/ phytoplanctivorous diet. Silver carp were efficient in removing plankton from the HRPTS effluent. The net removal yields of biomass were 285 g m-3 day-1 and 322 g kg-1 of fish day-1, 7 x 1010 algal cells kg-1 of fish day-1 and 8.7 x 107 zooplankton bodies kg-1 of fish day-1, with net removal rates of 47, 64 and 62%, respectively. The total suspended solids concentration decreased from 211 in the inflow to 112 mg L-1 in the fish pond.

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of the Beni Suef City Wastewater Treatment Plant

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Shock Load ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Trickling Filter

Many of Egypt's cities have existing treatment plants under operation that have been constructed before 1970. Almost all of these treatment plants now need rehabilitation and upgrading to extend their services for a longer period. One of these plants is the Beni Suef City Wastewater Treatment Plant. The Beni Suef WWTP was constructed in 1956. It has primary treatment followed by secondary treatment employing intermediate rate trickling filters. The BOD, COD, and SS concentration levels are relatively high. They are approximately 800, 1100, and 600 mg/litre, respectively. The Beni Suef city required the determination of the level of work needed for the rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing 200 l/s plant and to extend its capacity to 440 l/s at year 2000 A description of the existing units, their deficiencies and operation problems, and the required rehabilitation are presented and discussed in this paper. Major problems facing the upgrading were the lack of space for expansion and the shortage of funds. It was, therefore, necessary to study several alternative solutions and methods of treatment. The choice of alternatives was from one of the following schemes: a) changing the filter medium, its mode of operation and increasing the number of units, b) changing the trickling filter to high rate and combining it with the activated sludge process, for operation by one of several possible combinations such as: trickling filter-solids contact, roughing filter-activated sludge, and trickling filter-activated sludge process, c) dividing the flow into two parts, the first part to be treated using the existing system and the second part to be treated by activated sludge process, and d) expanding the existing system by increasing the numbers of the different process units. The selection of the alternative was based on technical, operational and economic evaluations. The different alternatives were compared on the basis of system costs, shock load handling, treatment plant operation and predicted effluent quality. The flow schemes for the alternatives are presented. The methodology of selecting the best alternative is discussed. From the study it was concluded that the first alternative is the most reliable from the point of view of costs, handling shock load, and operation.

High rate and compact single sludge pre-denitrification process for retrofit

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyshi Emori ◽  
Hiroki Nakamura ◽  
Tatsuo Sumino ◽  
Tadashi Takeshima ◽  
Katsuzo Motegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Denitrification Process

For the sewage treatment plants near rivers and closed water bodies in urbanized areas in Japan and European countries, there is a growing demand for introduction of advanced treatment processes for nitrogen and phosphorus from the viewpoints of water quality conservation and environmental protection. In order to remove nitrogen by the conventional biological treatment techniques, it is necessary to make a substantial expansion of the facility as compared with the conventional activated sludge process. In such urbanized districts, it is difficult to secure a site and much capital is required to expand the existing treatment plant. To solve these problems, a compact single sludge pre-denitrification process using immobilized nitrifiers was developed. Dosing the pellets, which are suitable for nitrifiers growth and physically durable, into the nitrification tank of single sludge pre-denitrification process made it possible to perform simultaneous removal of BOD and nitrogen in a retention time equal to that in the conventional activated sludge process even at the low water temperature of about 10 °C. The 3,000 m3/d full-scale conventional activated sludge plant was retrofitted and has been successfully operated.

scholarly journals Primitive techno-economic study of bio-diesel and bio-active compound production from microalgae

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayeda M. Abdo ◽  
Guzine I. El Diwani ◽  
Kamel M. El-Khatib ◽  
Sanaa A. Abo El-Enin ◽  
Mohammed I. El-Galad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Compound ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microscopical Examination

Abstract Background Microalgae cells can be identified as a potential source for new and renewable energy. The economic investigation for biodiesel and bio-active compound production from the microalgae community (Bloom), which are collected from the high rate algal pond (HRAP) constructed to treat municipal wastewater at Zenin wastewater treatment plant, Giza, was the main target of study. Results The microscopical examination showed that Scenedesmus obliquus is the dominant species. The total carotenoids were extracted using jojoba oil and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to reach 81.44 μg/g. The biodiesel production through acid transesterification reaction recorded 70.6% of fatty acid methyl ester content with high cetane number (44) and low acid value. Such results prove that the obtained biodiesel has better ignition quality. The total phenolic and flavonoid compounds have been derived from the remaining biomass to give 5.36 ± 0.03 and 1.50 ± 0.19 mg/g respectively. Finally, total proteins and carbohydrates content in algal cells were recorded 54.3 and 1.5 mg/g successively Conclusion The preliminary economic evaluation showed that the production of biodiesel and carotenoids from the microalgae growing in municipal wastewater can be considered, as a techno-economic feasible process.

Rehabilitation of water treatment plants with operational constrains: a study on turbidity removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Sookhak Lari ◽  
Morteza Kargar
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Long Term Effect

High-rate lamella settlers in clarifiers and triple media filters have been implemented in Isfahan water treatment plant (known as ‘Baba-Sheikh-Ali’) in Iran to upgrade existing clarification/filtration processes during the recent years. The applied technologies are mainly used to reduce finished water turbidity as the primary regional criterion on water quality. However, application of both technologies faced some operational limitations since they began to work. These problems are due to the existing layout of the process units and available materials. The current study focuses on performance of restricted application of the two technologies with respect to turbidity removal. Online measured turbidity data from a two-year field observation (since March 2010) are used. In particular, results show a more promising and long-term effect on turbidity removal due to tripling filter media rather than application of the lamella settlers in clarifiers. The reasons for these observations are discussed.

The importance of the treatment plant performance during rain to acute water pollution

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rauch ◽  
P. Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Total System ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
The Difference

Rain causes not only pollution loads from combined sewer overflows but also from treatment plants. High hydraulic load conditions can affect the secondary clarifier performance, resulting in a massive loss of sludge from the plant. The consequence to the oxygen concentration in the recipient can be described by the same simplified mechanism, because the principle remains the same. The difference that has to be accounted for, is the different organic characteristics of the discharged water. The analysis of a hypothetical urban drainage system by means of a deterministic model reveals the importance of the treatment plant in this respect. Oxygen depletion in urban rivers is caused by intermittent discharges from both sewer system and wastewater treatment plant. Neglecting one of them in the evaluation of the environmental impact gives a wrong impression of total system behavior. Linear sensitivity analysis provides useful information for water quality management. The significant parameters in terms of acute water pollution are identified.

A Dynamic Secondary Clarifier Model including Processes of Sludge Thickening

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Härtel ◽  
H. J. Pöpel
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Hindered Settling ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Secondary Clarifier ◽  
Sludge Thickening

Dynamic simulation models of the activated sludge process are a planning and designing tool solving and answering problems that cannot be dealt with by static design models or procedures. In dynamic modelling, however, the settling and thickening processes have to be taken into account which have been neglected until now. Therefore, a dynamic model simulating the processes of settling and of thickening in the secondary clarifier is developed and finally integrated into a dynamic biochemical reaction model. The validity of the model approach is evaluated by simulation runs showing the velocities of hindered settling, the concentration profiles of MLSS over the tank depth, and the effluent concentrations of MLSS. Basic variables for the validation are the influent MLSS concentrations and the sludge volume index quantifying the settling characteristics of the sludge. The consequences for the MLSS content in the aeration tank, as well as for the plant effluent quality, of neglecting and of including the clarifier model into the integrated model are shown at variable conditions of wastewater inflow, especially for periods of higher storm water flows to the treatment plant

scholarly journals Recirculation of sludge-water in the water treatment process – a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Tomáš Kučera ◽  
Veronika Hanušová
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Waste Water Management ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Abstract This paper presents the results of the first phase of research that evaluates options for the optimization of waste-water management during water treatment. The research was conducted in a specific treatment plant, with surface-water sources, to verify the option of recirculating part of the sludge-water back to the beginning of the technological line and mixing this with a portion of raw water. An evaluation of risk factors is necessary for such treatment, as they could render the recirculation of the backwashing water impossible. The motivation behind this research lies in the potential savings of operating costs, particularly the costs of pumping raw water from a watercourse. This research evaluated data regarding the quality of both raw and processed water, focusing on six indicators – turbidity, color, chemical oxygen demand, and concentrations of aluminum, iron and manganese. The evaluation established through these factors indicates that the plan for returning a certain volume of sludge-water back into the process is possible and should cause no problems regarding the quality of drinking water produced. Based on the results of the first phase of this research, it is possible to recirculate up to 6% of overall raw-water volume back into the process.

Stages of launching a biological treatment plant at the wastewater treatment facilities with dosing easily oxidable organic matter

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
В.А. Кондрашев ◽  
С.Г. Метелица
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Numerous Experimental Data ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Equipment Configuration

Рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с проведением пусконаладочных работ биоблока станции очистки хозяйственно-бытовых и близких к ним по составу сточных вод при пробном пуске в эксплуатацию очистных сооружений. Подробно рассмотрены этапы пусконаладочных работ биоблока очистных сооружений с «затравкой» активным илом из действующих биологических очистных сооружений и с дозировкой легкоокисляемой органики. Описан состав оборудования станции КОС-9 производства «Гермес Групп». Рассмотрены все этапы пусконаладочных работ биоблока на примере запуска очистных сооружений КОС-9 с привлечением многочисленных опытных данных. Определены периоды этапов пусконаладки биоблока. Приведены проблемы наладки биоблока и пути их решения с достижением требуемого результата. Технология, используемая на станции, обеспечивает очистку сточных вод, соответствующую требованиям, предъявляемым к выпуску очищенных стоков в водоем рыбохозяйственного значения. Issues related to commissioning a biological treatment plant at the facilities for household and similar in composition wastewater treatment during the trial start of the treatment facilities are considered. The stages of commissioning a biological treatment plant at the wastewater treatment facilities with «inoculating» activated sludge from the operating biological treatment facilities and with dosing easily oxidable organic matter are considered in detail. The equipment configuration of the WWTP-9 produced by Germes Group is described. All stages of the biological treatment plant commissioning are considered through the example of the start-up of WWTP-9 with the use of numerous experimental data. The periods of biological treatment plant commissioning stages have been determined. The problems of adjusting the biological treatment plant and the ways of their elimination to achieve the required result are presented. The technology used at the WWT facilities provides for the effluent quality that meets the requirements for the discharge into a water body of commercial fishing importance.

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