The Run off of Nutrients from Funen, Denmark, and the Consequences for Its Coastal Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
J. D. Petersen ◽  
N. Rask ◽  
H. B. Madsen ◽  
S. E. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Run Off

Coastally trapped waves, baroclinic eddies, internal tides and oceanic fronts at the shelf break: their implications for exchanges between shelf and oceanic waters

1981 ◽  
Vol 302 (1472) ◽  
pp. 661-661 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Shelf Break ◽  
Internal Tides ◽  
Oceanic Fronts ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Break Surface ◽  
Seaward Edge ◽  
Coastally Trapped Waves ◽  
Topographic Rossby Waves

The seaward edge of the continental shelf, or shelf break, is the locus of strong physical variability in the overlying waters. Near the shelf-break, surface tides scatter energy into internal modes that propagate both onshore and offshore and produce strong vertical shears. Atmospheric forcing generates subinertial-frequency topographic Rossby waves, which propagate parallel to the coastline and are strongly trapped near the shelf break. Relative to the sloping topography, wind-driven coastal upwelling generates prograde fronts, and river run-off generates retrograde fronts. Located near the shelf break, these fronts are boundaries between oceanic and coastal waters. Oceanic eddies impinge on, and move along, the shelf-break entraining coastal waters. Eddies may also be shed by shelf-break fronts. Submarine capes and canyons contort the shelf break and significantly modify the enumerated processes. Based on observational evidence from a few coastal regimes, the shelf break is a zone where several mesoscale and synoptic-scale processes operate and probably produce significant turbulent transfers.

scholarly journals Monitoring marine plastics – will we know if we are making a difference?

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Ryan ◽  
Lorien Pichegru ◽  
Vonica Perold ◽  
Coleen L. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Heterogeneity ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Making A Difference

In the context of marine anthropogenic debris management, monitoring is essential to assess whether mitigation measures to reduce the amounts of waste plastic entering the environment are being effective. In South Africa, baselines against which changes can be assessed include data from the 1970s to the 1990s on microplastics floating at sea, on macro- and microplastic beach debris, and interactions with biota. However, detecting changes in the abundance of microplastics at sea is complicated by high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in net samples. Beach debris data are easier to gather, but their interpretation is complicated by the dynamic nature of debris fluxes on beaches and the increase in beach cleaning effort over time. Sampling plastic ingested by biota is a powerful approach, because animals that retain ingested plastic for protracted periods integrate plastics over space and time, but there are ethical issues to using biota as bioindicators, particularly for species that require destructive sampling (e.g. turtles, seabirds). Bioindicators could be established among fish and invertebrates, but there are technical challenges with sampling microplastics smaller than 1 mm. Fine-scale debris accumulation on beaches provides an index of macroplastic abundance in coastal waters, and offers a practical way to track changes in the amounts and composition of debris in coastal waters. However, upstream flux measures (i.e. in catchments, rivers and storm-water run-off) provide a more direct assessment of mitigation measures for land-based sources. Similarly, monitoring refuse returned to port by vessels is the best way to ensure compliance with legislation prohibiting the dumping of plastics at sea. Significance: • Monitoring is required to assess whether mitigation measures to reduce waste plastics at sea are making a difference. • Monitoring the leakage of plastic from land-based sources is best addressed on land (e.g. in storm drains and river run-off) before the plastic reaches the sea. • Illegal dumping from ships is best addressed by monitoring the use of port waste reception facilities. • Sampling plastic ingested by biota is a powerful approach, using fish and invertebrates as bioindicators for larger microplastic fragments.

scholarly journals Kondisi Terumbu Karang Di Pantai Empu Rancak Kabupaten Jepara

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryono Suryono ◽  
Edi Wibowo ◽  
Raden Ario ◽  
Nur Taufiq SPJ ◽  
Ria Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Line Intercept

Abstract Coral Reef Condition In Coastal Waters of Empu Rancak, Mlonggo, Regency of Jepara Empu Rancak coastal  waters in Karanggondang village, Mlonggo District is one of the coral reef ecosystem location in coastal area of  Jepara Regency. Following the growth of culinary and Marine  tourism bring the need for monitoring the condition of coral reefs so that such activity does not provide ecological impacts against the condition of coral reefs. The method used to assess the condition of coral reefs  is Line Intercept Transect which done by percentage calculation of living coral coverage. The research results shows that the condition of the coral reefs in a depth of 3 metres found coral cover percentage of 4.5%, while at a depth of 6 meters found coral cover percentage of 9.7%. From this result indicates the coral reefs in critical condition，however the high biodiversity and dominance index value is presumed that these coral reefs was in good condition. It`s showed by the high percentage of coral die either at a depth of 3 metres (95.54%) or at a depth of 6 meters(90.30%). The diversity of species of coral were found at a depth of 3 meters consist of 6 genus, they are: Goniastrea sp., Favia sp., Galaxea sp., Porites, Acropora sp. and Montipora sp., whereas at a depth of 6 meters were found more species of coral diversity for at least 11 genus, they are: Acropora sp., Favites sp., Echinopora sp., Goniastrea sp. Symphyllia agaricia sp, Favia sp., Goniopora sp., Porites sp., Montipora sp., Platygyra sp., and Montastrea sp. The condition of coral reefs cover which relatively critical are caused by decreasing the quality of waters ecology that caused by sedimentation rate and runoff processes of land activity, high waves in northwest monsoon and the growth of culinary tourism as well as marine  tourism in Empu Rancak coastal  waters gradually worsen the condition of coral reefs. Keywords : Coral reef, tourism, Line Intercept Transect, AbstrakPerairan pantai Empu Rancak desa Karanggondang, Kecamatan Mlonggo merupakan salah satu lokasi ekosistem  terumbu karang yang berada pesisir di kabupaten Jepara. Dengan berkembangnya aktivitas wisata kuliner serta wisata  bahari, maka perlu dilakukan pemantauan kondisi terumbu karang agar kegiatan tersebut tidak tidak memberikan dampak ekologi terhadap kondisi terumbu karang. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk menilai kondisi terumbu karang adalah  dengan metode perhitungan persentase penutupan karang hidup menggunakan Line Intercept Transect. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kondisi terumbu karang di kedalaman 3 meter ditemukan prosentasi tutupan karang sebesar 4,5 %, sedangkan pada kedalaman 6 meter ditemukan prosentase tutupan karang sebesar 9,7 %, maka kondisi terumbu karang di perairan pantai empu rancak Mlonggo, dalam kondisi buruk sekali, namun tingginya keanekaragaman dan nilai indeks dominasi, maka diduga bahwa terumbu karang dilokasi penelitian pernah dalam kondisi baik sebelumnya. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan tingginya prosentase karang mati baik pada kedalaman 3 meter (95,54 %) maupun pada kedalaman 6 meter (90,30 %). Keanekaragaman jenis karang yang ditemukan pada kedalaman 3 meter terdiri atas 6 genus yaitu : GoniastreaSp., Favia Sp., Galaxea Sp., Porites Sp., Acropora Sp.,dan Montipora Sp.,sedangkan pada kedalaman 6 meter ditemukan keanekaraamanan jenis karang yang lebih banyak (11 genus), yaitu : Acropora sp., Favites sp., Echinopora sp., Goniastrea sp., Symphyllia agaricia, Favia sp., Goniopora sp., Porites sp., Montipora sp., Platygyra sp. ,dan Montastrea sp. Kondisi tutupan terumbu karang yang relatif buruk sekali  diduga  diakibatkan oleh menurunnya kualitas ekologi perairan yang diakibatkan oleh oleh tekanan  laju  sedimentasi serta proses  run off dari aktivitas didaratan, tingginya paparan  gelombang pada saat musim barat serta  berkembangnya  wisata kuliner serta wisata bahari  di perairan Pantai Empu rancak yang  memperburuk kondisi terumbu karang.  Kata Kunci : Terumbu Karang, pariwisata, Line Intercept Transect

Chemical and Hydrographic Observations in the Bristol Channel During April and June 1971

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Abdullah ◽  
H. M. Dunlop ◽  
D. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Run Off

The nature and the quantity of run-off into coastal waters will to a large extent influence the occurrence and distribution of a number of chemical components such as nutrient salts, organic matter and trace metals in these waters. In open coastal environments the run-off is usually quickly dispersed and diluted so that little of it remains at concentrated levels in the vicinity of the discharge point. On the other hand, if such discharge is made into closed or confined waters, the rate of dispersal will depend on the circulation pattern and the rate of flushing of the run-off. Thus in some areas where the circulation is restricted, a build up of compounds may occur which, depending on the run-off composition, may have a marked effect on the ecology of these waters. The situation may be further aggravated if the run-off includes large quantities of industrial and domestic waste.

scholarly journals INCORPORATION OF CONTINENTAL AND URBAN RUN-OFF INTO A COASTAL CIRCULATION MODEL: APPLICATION TO THE CATALAN COAST

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Liste ◽  
Manel Grifoll ◽  
Ingrid Keupers ◽  
Jaak Monbaliu ◽  
Manuel Espino
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Ocean Modeling ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Regional Ocean Modeling System ◽  
Catalan Coast ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Short Period

A 3D hydrodynamical model has been set up to incorporate the continental and urban run-off into the Catalan Coastal waters. Particular attention was paid to introducing correctly the freshwater plumes and attention was also paid to determinate the influence of the land discharge profile with regard to the distributed continental run-off. The model domain includes a small part of the Catalan Coast where the combination of local land topography with torrential rainfall caused considerable local runoff on a short period of time with a large impact on the receiving coastal waters. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) simulations were used to examine the dispersal to a freshwater delivery from two relevant event; a low river discharge typical of mean conditions during April 2011 and a high discharge representative of the storm event during March 2011 are considered. We have observed the plume responses to an abrupt change in river discharge. During the mean conditions, low salinity water is concentrated around the rivers mouth while during the flood event, the plume spread offshore in the direction of river water outflow and turned downstream close to the coast. The differences between a simulation including the river outflow as a land forcing and a simulation including river and urban runoff as a land forcing suggested that the urban runoff plays an important role in the spreading and shape of the river plume.

scholarly journals Total suspended matter derived from MERIS data as indicator for coastal processes in the Baltic Sea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kyryliuk ◽  
S. Kratzer
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Total Suspended Matter ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Baltic Proper ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Total suspended matter (TSM) is an indicator of coastal processes and can be retrieved reliably from MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) data. In this project we used MERIS TSM data from a Swedish coastal monitoring system www.vattenkvalitet.se to evaluate the physical extend of coastal processes. The data set consisted of all viable MERIS scenes during summer (June–August) 2009–2011, covering the whole Baltic Sea area. Monthly composite images were produced for each year, and the monthly composites were subsequently evaluated with regards to terrestrial influence, and the typical features caused by cyanobacteria blooms (typically during July and August). Next, a composite image from early June 2011 was generated in order to exclude a possible influence from cyanobacteria on the patterns of TSM distribution. This early June composite was then used as a basis to evaluate the extent of terrestrial influence using the NW Baltic Proper (Swedish coastal areas) and the SE Baltic Proper (Latvian, Lithuanian and Polish coastal waters) as examples. In both areas the averaged TSM scenes from early June were used to extract transects of TSM data perpendicular to the coast, spanning from coastal to offshore waters. Based on previous bio-optical research in the NW Baltic Sea and on further statistical analysis of MERIS scenes local coastal water thresholds were defined for different areas in the Baltic Sea. Using these local thresholds, it was found that coastal processes in the NW Baltic Sea extend to approximately 15–27 km off-shore, whereas in the SE Baltic Sea the coastal influence extended to about twice the distance i.e. to about 34–52 km off-shore. Next, the trendlines of TSM distribution along transects was evaluated mathematically. The trend line for the NW Baltic proper was best described by a polynomial equation, whereas the trend line from the transect in SE coastal waters was best described logarithmically in areas of high resuspension. These differing trends indicate different hydrological regimes in the two areas, which are mostly driven by a combination of land run-off distributed by diffusional processes, and coastal dynamics driven by local wind exposure. The results demonstrate that ocean colour remote sensing can provide important information for Baltic Sea research and management, as well as for the monitoring of coastal processes. The method allows for an evaluation of the extent of coastal influence, and of seasonal fluctuations in river run-off and phytoplankton dynamics. Furthermore, the concentrations of total suspended matter in the different sub-basins of the entire Baltic Sea can be compared synoptically.

scholarly journals Particle sources and transport in stratified Nordic coastal seas in the Anthropocene

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Linders ◽  
Eduardo Infantes ◽  
Alyssa Joyce ◽  
Therese Karlsson ◽  
Helle Ploug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Bottom Current ◽  
Benthic Boundary Layer ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Run Off ◽  
In Situ Sensors

Particles of all origins (biogenic, lithogenic, as well as anthropogenic) are fundamental components of the coastal ocean and are re-distributed by a wide variety of transport processes at both horizontal and vertical scales. Suspended particles can act as vehicles, as well as carbon and nutrient sources, for microorganisms and zooplankton before eventually settling onto the seafloor where they also provide food to benthic organisms. Different particle aggregation processes, driven by turbulence and particle stickiness, composition, abundance and size, impact the transport and sinking behavior of particles from the surface to the seafloor. In deep coastal waters, the deposition, resuspension, and accumulation of particles are driven by particle stickiness, composition and aggregate structure. In contrast, wave-driven and bottom current-driven processes in the nepheloid benthic boundary layer of shallow waters are of greater importance to the settling behavior of particles, while the retention capacity of benthic vegetation (e.g., seagrasses) further influences particle behavior. In this review, we consider the various processes by which particles are transported, as well as their sources and characteristics, in stratified coastal waters with a focus on Nordic seas. The role of particles in diminishing the quality of coastal waters is increasing in the Anthropocene, as particle loading by rivers and surface run-off includes not only natural particles, but also urban and agricultural particles with sorbed pollutants and contaminants of organic, inorganic and microplastic composition. Human activities such as trawling and dredging increase turbidity and further impact the transport of particles by resuspending particles and influencing their vertical and horizontal distribution patterns. An interdisciplinary approach combining physical, chemical and biological processes will allow us to better understand particle transport and its impact on coastal waters and estuaries at an ecosystem level. There is a need for development of novel analytical and characterization techniques, as well as new in situ sensors to improve our capacity to follow particle dynamics from nanometer to millimeter size scales.

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