Sludge Incineration Process of Kyoto City – The Employment and Heat Balance of the Step Grate Stoker Furnace

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 1763-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiya Ito
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Kyoto City ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
The City

Kyoto City, an ancient city of international tourism, has been actively constructing its public sewerage system as one of the most important policies of the city. As of April, 1989, 79.6% of the urbanization promotion area of the city has been sewered. The fully completed sewerage system will be established in 1994, the 1200th anniversary of the founding of the city as the ancient Heian capital of Japan. However, the increase of the sewered ratio effects a steady increase in the influent volume of wastewater. Due to the inland location of the city, sludge produced in the wastewater treatment plants has been landfilled after incineration, but recently the securing of appropriate sites for landfill is difficult, and hence sludge treatment and disposal is an important issue for Kyoto City. In order to minimize the ultimate disposal volume, incineration of the entire volume of sludge has been undertaken in early days of sewerage operations. This report introduces the sludge incineration system and assesses the newly adopted step grate stoker furnace. At present, Kyoto City has 4 treatment plants in operation. The Toba Treatment Plant, which has the largest treatment capacity receives sludge cake trucked from the Fushimi Treatment Plant and excess sludge pumped through pipes from the Kisshoin Treatment Plant, and incinerates the whole amount of sludge cake generated in the plant. The sludge cake produced at the Ishida Treatment Plant is incinerated at an adjacent refuse sanitation plant together with the municipal refuse from the city. The characteristics of sludge treatment systems are given in this report. The step grate stoker furnace system was introduced to reduce the final disposal volume and to save energy. Through comparison with the multiple-hearth furnace system the actual results of operation were verified. The volume of generated ash was decreased by more than 50%, and energy consumption was reduced by 77%, resulting in an 18% reduction of operating expenses.

Production of fuels on the basis of sewage sludge through conditioning using high calorific value fractions

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Georg Schmelz ◽  
Anja Reipa ◽  
Hartmut Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Plastic Components

Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband operate 59 wastewater treatment plants which produce approx. 100,000 Mg TS of sewage sludge each year. Using sludge pressure pipelines, about 60 % of this sludge are transported to the central sludge treatment plant in Bottrop. The digested sludges are conditioned using fine coal and polymers and are dewatered using membrane filters. By adding coal, the heating value of the sludge is raised which enables autothermal combustion of the dewatered sludges in fluidised bed furnaces at the central sludge treatment plant. In order to replace coal, a fossil fuel, as conditioning agent, experiments were conducted using alternative materials with high heating values. The addition of shredder fluff agglomerates proved to be particularly successful. Shredder fluff agglomerates are a residue from the recycling of used cars and are generated in a multistage process (e.g. Volkswagen-SiCon Process) by separating the light shredder fraction (plastic components etc.) from the total shredder fluff. The fibrous material is outstandingly suitable for improving the dewaterability and for sufficiently raising the heating value of the dewatered sludge in order to enable autothermal combustion. Since first experiments showed very positive results, a full-scale long-term test-run will take place in 2007.

scholarly journals IL CONTRIBUTO DEI SERVIZI IDRICI INTEGRATI AL FABBISOGNO IRRIGUO DEI COMPRENSORI AGRICOLI: IL CASO DI MILANO

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Brown
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Effective Water ◽  
Drainage Waters ◽  
Significant Model

During its history Milan city has been able to treasure its wastewater collected by Vettabbia irrigation ditch. Since the XII century, also thanks to Cistercensi (monks from Chiaravalle Abbey) great endeavour, the use of effusing the filthy waters from Vettabbia over the rotten lawns of a great and huge agricultural district, situated in the South the City, was going to become the most spread method used to regain the nutrients contained into the wastewaters and, at the same time, a great procedure to optimize the fresh forage production. During the second half of XIX century this technique was refined and made more efficient in order to allow the sustainable and ecofriendly disposal of the drainage waters raised from the new sewerage system of the City. Since 2004 Milan adopted an effective water treatment plant which permits the reuse of the purified waters for what concerns agriculture, becoming, in this field, the most significant model in Europe.

The Vienna Sewerage System

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Peter Bortenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
The City

After the practice for many decades had been to introduce waste waters into the nearest receiving bodies, i.e. Wien River, Donaukanal, and Danube, a multitude of intercepting sewers and a central treatment plant were built from 1969 to 1980. Subsumed under the working title “WABAS 80 -- Wiener Abwasserbeseitigungssysteme 1980”, these facilities guaranteed that all effluent produced in Vienna was brought to the central treatment plant for purification. Since 1986 a programme has been in effect to expand the existing sewage system and improve obsolete sewers, the aim being to preserve groundwater quality. Providing also for the construction of relief interceptors along the Donaukanal and the Wien River as well as the enlargement of the central treatment plant, the programme was designed not only to preserve but also to improve water quality in the Donaukanal and the Danube itself. The City has set apart AS 12 000 million for this project, which is to be completed by 2000.

Decentralisation of the Emscher Sewerage System - Planning of the Bottrop Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
B. Teichgräber
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
System Planning ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Activated Sludge System

The Emschergenossenschaft plans to improve the Emscher drainage system by separating sewage and clean water. 6 or 7 subcatchment areas will be created and served by separate wastewater treatment plants. The Bottrop WWTP has been planned for 1.3 million population equivalents. It is scheduled to start operation in 1995 and its costs are estimated as totalling 820 million DM in total. Biological treatment will be effected by a low-loaded, single-stage activated sludge system with cascade denitrification and modified UCT process.

Application of heat shock protein assay and proteome assay to water from wastewater treatment plant

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Funamizu ◽  
Mikako Takenaka ◽  
Junkyu Han ◽  
Hiroko Isoda
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Decay Process ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Sludge Treatment

In this study we applied bioassay using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with a heat shock protein (HSP) 47 promoter to the effluent of the wastewater treatment plants in Sapporo and we observed the statistically significant HSP production. This implied the effluent contained some organic matter which can stress the CHO cells. To investigate the possible causes of the toxicity of the effluent, we applied the assay to the rejected water from the sludge treatment plant, the mixtures of sewage and rejected water. The evolution of HSP production during the aerobic decay process and thickening process of sludge was also examined. These assay results showed that dissolved microbial products generated and/or released from activated sludge during its decay process in the aeration tank and during thickening and dewatering process in the sludge treatment train contributed to develop HSP production. The proteomics analysis was also applied to the effluent and detected the production of elongation factor 1β. This result implies that the effluent from wastewater treatment plants may cause changes in cell proteins involved in allergic reaction.

scholarly journals Assessment of the current status of waste sludge treatment of the industrial parks in Binh Duong Province

2020 ◽  
pp. 435-441
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Industrial Parks

Study on sampling sludge from 04 industrial parks in Binh Duong province such as My Phuoc, Dong An, Viet Huong 1, Song Than 2 to analyze the pollution criteria to assess the pollution possibility of industrial waste sludge. The research results show that: at present, the total volume of sludge generated today in the industrial park fluctuates about 4,450 – 6,255 kg/day, equivalent to dry sludge volume is 1,035.725 – 1,532.11 kg/day. The estimated volume of dry sludge generated from industrial parks in the future from 2019 to 2020 ranges from 30,023 to 31,396 kg/day. Most sludge from 04 wastewater treatment plants hadn’t heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd), especially Dong An Industrial park Treatment plant had Zn, value 49.7 – 49.9 mg/l. The sludge from the wastewater treatment plants of 04 industrial parks had amount of helminth eggs that exceeds the USEPA's regulations on pathogens (type A sludge).

scholarly journals Estimation of the Amount of Electrical Energy Available From the Biogas Produced at the Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant in the City of Sokodé

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitale M'Balikine Krou ◽  
Gnon Baba ◽  
Ogouvidé Akpaki
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City ◽  
Recoverable Energy ◽  
Faecal Sludge

 The purpose of this study is to estimate the amount of energy produced from biogas at the faecal sludge treatment plant in the city of Sokodé. The methodological approach consisted in producing biogas by co-digestion of faecal sludge with the fermentable fractions of solid waste then in estimating the quantity of energy available from the produced biogas. Tests of co-digestion of faecal sludge and fermentable fractions of solid waste, showed that from 2258 tons/DM of biomass in one year, 44476 m3 of biogas, or 29177 m3 of methane could be produced. The methane content, which is 65.6 %, is a very interesting source of energy. Several techniques for producing energy from biogas exist, one of which is the production of electricity. In this study, it is a question of making the choice of an adequate electric motor which will allow to produce electric energy from the biogas on the faecal sludge treatment plant. Thus, it was necessary to estimate the quantity of energy available from the biogas produced. To do so, it was calculated the quantity of energy that can be produced by the biogas in one year, the quantity of recoverable energy produced in a year and the quantity of energy supplied by biogas in one hour. The results showed that by 2035, the co-digestion of fermentable solid waste and faecal sludge from the city of Sokodé, would produce 534,246 kWh. The recoverable part would be 507,534 kWh and the energy supplied is 58 kWh.

Operation of Centralized Sludge Treatment Facilities

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 1753-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senji Kaneko ◽  
Hachiro Shimomura
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Service Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The City

Construction of sewerage systems in the city of Yokohama has proceeded at a rapid pace ever since the first wastewater treatment plant went into operation in 1962. By 1984, all eleven of the planned wastewater treatment plants were in operation. By March 1989, the sewerage service rate had reached 80 percent, representing over 2.56 million of the city's residents. Naturally, the expansion of the sewerage system was reflected in a commensurate increase in the quantity of sludge for treatment and disposal. Recognizing the critical importance of keeping abreast of this increase, the city has promoted the development of technology for more efficient treatment and disposal of sludge throughout the intervening years. In recent years, the city has also seen extensive urbanization and mounting concern among its citizenry for conserving the environment. In response, it was decided to shift from the former decentralized method of sludge treatment (i.e., treatment of sludge at the plant generating it) to a method of centralized treatment at two sludge treatment centers, each built within a different wastewater treatment plant located in the waterfront area. Yokohama was the first city in Japan to adopt this form of centralized sludge treatment. The construction of the centralized sludge treatment facilities made extensive use of results from a program of technological development. The centers feature the first egg-shaped digestion tanks, a high-concentration mode of digestion made possible by the use of centrifugal thickeners, power generator fueled with digestion gas, effective use of the waste heat from these generators, and the saving of fuel by the use of incinerators equipped with dryers. The record for the first year of full-scale operation clearly demonstrated the merits of centralized treatment. The quantity of digestion gas generated at the center was double that of the quantity generated under the former method for an equivalent quantity of sludge. Power generation fueled by digestion gas supplied 64 percent of the center's own power needs. While operating at only one-fifth of the planned sludge capacity, the center boasted a savings of about 200 million yen for the year, and the treatment costs were less than half of the treatment cost of the same quantity utilizing the former method. This report presents an account of the operational record for the first year of this center (the Hokubu Sludge Treatment Center) and the system of effective energy use that took place in it.

Critical factors for implementing sludge processing of the Rome Wastewater Treatment Plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
G. Mininni ◽  
A. Salera ◽  
E. Rolle ◽  
A. Carucci
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Thermal Drying ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
The City ◽  
Disposal Cost

The use of sludge thermal drying after mechanical dewatering implies a sharp increase in capital costs but can be effective in reducing both transport and disposal costs. In this paper the most critical factors affecting economics in implementing with sludge thermal drying the four wastewater treatment plants serving the city of Rome are discussed. As alternatives, replacement of belt presses with filter presses in the plant of Rome East, due to the low concentration of sludge cake (18%) presently produced, and centralised treatment in the plant of Rome South of the sludge produced in this plant and in the plant of Rome Ostia are also considered. Thermal drying appeared more convenient especially when dewatering operation is poorly performed (Rome East), but in the large plants (Rome South alone or with Ostia) the upgrading of the plant is always economical. Other contingent and local situations can also play an important role in this prospect (distance from the landfill site, transport and disposal unit costs), thus making not convenient the adoption of thermal drying for the plants of Rome North and Ostia. For disposal cost lower than 52 ECU/t replacement of the present belt presses with filter presses in Rome East plant is more advantageous than the construction of a drying plant.

scholarly journals Particle balance and return loops for microplastics in a tertiary-level wastewater treatment plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Salmi ◽  
Kalle Ryymin ◽  
Anna K. Karjalainen ◽  
Anna Mikola ◽  
Emilia Uurasjärvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Exit Route ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
The One

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) from households, stormwater, and various industries are transported to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where a high proportion of them are captured before discharging their residuals to watersheds. Although recent studies have indicated that the removed MPs are mainly retained in wastewater sludge, sludge treatment processes have gained less attention in MP research than water streams at primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments. In this study, we sampled twelve different process steps in a tertiary-level municipal WWTP in central Finland. Our results showed that, compared to the plant influent load, three times more MPs circulated via reject water from the sludge centrifugation back to the beginning of the treatment process. Especially fibrous MPs were abundant in the dewatered sludge, whereas fragment-like MPs were observed in an aqueous stream. We concluded that, compared to the tertiary effluent, sludge treatment is the major exit route for MPs into the environment, but sludge treatment is also a return loop to the beginning of the process. Our sampling campaign also demonstrated that WWTPs with varying hydraulic conditions (such as the one studied here) benefit from disc filter–based tertiary treatments in MP removal.

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