Appropriate Environmental Standards in Developing Nations

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
H. F. Ludwig ◽  
R. G. Ludwig ◽  
D. R. Anderson ◽  
W. F. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
The Media

Developing Countries are increasing their wealth, but have substantial ecological problems including high population growth, mass movement of rural populations to cities, and severe net negative cultural and ecological/environmental impacts. Additionally the World Community is now so closely watched by the media that political leaders of developing countries are forced by their citizens to give the appearance of personal and environmental protection by adopting the same ecological/environmental standards/criteria as the industrialized nations, when the economic and manpower resources make enforcement essentially impossible. The problem is intensified by the fact that the standards/criteria for industrialized countries are often based upon non-scientific/non-economic rationales driven by politically motivated media and environmental pressure groups. The developing countries, as well as the industrialized countries must eventually maximize the utilization of their available resources by utilizing the best scientific/economic rationale possible. Data is presented for the U.S.A. showing its development from about 1890 to the present. From these data it was apparent that the developing countries are following a very similar pattern. It is accordingly very important that these countries be aided to develop and utilize scientific/economic standards/criteria appropriate to their stage of development.

Foreign nurse recruitment

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Christine Delucas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Healthcare Crisis ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
Foreign Nurse

Recruitment of nurses by industrialized nations from developing countries has been common practice for decades. Globalization, a crucial trend of the 21st century, raises the world’s awareness of the economic and social disparities between nations. The direct impact on nurse emigration emphasizes the ethical, economic, and social inequalities between source and destination countries. It is often more cost-effective for industrialized countries to recruit from developing countries; however, the depletion of source country resources has created a global healthcare crisis. Destination countries are being challenged on the ethical implications of aggressive recruitment and their lack of developing a sustainable self-sufficient domestic workforce. Similarly, source countries are confronting the same challenges as they struggle to fund and educate adequate numbers of nurses for domestic needs and emigrant replacement. This article will review the ethical, economic, and social impacts of continued unrestricted international recruitment of nurses and present a proposal for development of an international treaty addressing global sustainability.

scholarly journals Portrayal of Women

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Dima Dabbous-Sensenig
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The Media ◽  
Communist Countries

Generally, women are portrayed in the media as being submissive, passive, dependent, inferior, and subservient to men. Cross-cultural research, moreover, has found great similarities in these portrayals between western industrialized countries,eastern communist (or ex-communist) countries, and southern developing countries: women are overall underrepresented in the media, in production as well as in content.

Free Trade and/or Environmental Protection?

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bernauer ◽  
Quynh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
International Trade Agreements

Many political leaders of the Global South oppose linkages between trade liberalization and environmental protection. We field-tested a combination of surveys and conjoint experiments in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Vietnam to examine whether citizens in developing countries share this position. The results show that citizens do not view economic integration and environmental protection as a trade-off. To the contrary, individuals with greener preferences are more supportive of trade liberalization. Furthermore, and in contrast to prevailing government rhetoric, the majority of citizens support environmental clauses in trade agreements. These findings suggest that there might be room for more ambitious efforts to include environmental standards in international trade agreements.

scholarly journals Les transferts de technologie nord-sud en matière de télécommunications par satellites

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-889
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Prémont
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Law ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Right To Communicate

While the industrialized countries are already involved in the new information age, the developing countries are still trying to achieve some measure of industrialization. Although by themselves the satellite telecommunication systems will not solve all the problems of developing countries, nevertheless, they could facilitate the shortcircuiting of a number of preliminary steps leading to the new communications era. However, as most of the knowledge concerning these satellite systems — from their design until the final stage of production — are concentrated in industrialized nations, this leaves developing countries in a vulnerable and dependent position. This article analyses some of the established and evolving legal norms towards the promotion of technological parity between the industrialized and non-industrialized nations ; these can be grouped under five specific headings : 1. « Space Law »; 2. « New International Economic Order »; 3. « Right to Communicate » ; 4. « Code of Conduct on Technological Transfer » ; 5. « New International Law of Survival ». Following these legal considerations, we analyse the types and means of technological transfers taking place between industrialized and non-industrialized countries. In this connection, it is important to distinguish between the transfer of specified equipment only from that of its engineering. We examine these transfers, first following the initiative of the government-sponsored agencies, and second, as a transaction taking place on the free international market. In our study, it is evident that while non-industrialized countries have access to satellite communications equipment, this however does not apply to their engineering. Will the new rules of international law be capable to launch a free flow of technological knowledge between the industrialized and non-industrialized countries ? On this point, we express our reservations.

Diversification propaganda work with foreign audiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4(13)) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past decade, bilateral relations between China and Russia have attracted the attention of the whole world. As neighbors and rapidly developing countries, China and Russia are becoming increasingly important in the international arena. The strategic partnership and interaction between China and Russia occupy a significant place in the politics of both countries. Cooperation is developing dynamically in various fields, primarily in politics. After 2012, a change of government took place in China and Russia, which brought new changes to international relations. Studying the involvement of the media in this process can clarify their impact on international relations, in particular, their role in the relationship between China and Russia.

Competition Policy for the New Era

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The World

This book presents a new stage in the contributions of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) to the development of Competition Law and policy. These countries have significant influence in their respective regions and in the world. The changing global environment means greater political and economic role for the BRICS and other emerging countries. BRICS countries are expected to contribute nearly half of all global gross domestic product growth by 2020. For more than a century, the path of Competition Law has been defined by the developed and industrialized countries of the world. Much later, developing countries and emerging economies came on the scene. They experience many of the old competition problems, but they also experience new problems, and experience even the old problems differently. Where are the fora to talk about Competition Law and policy fit for developing and emerging economies? The contributors in this book are well-known academic and practising economists and lawyers from both developed and developing countries. The chapters begin with a brief introduction of the topic, followed by a critical discussion and a conclusion. Accordingly, each chapter is organized around a central argument made by its author(s) in relation to the issue or case study discussed. These arguments are thoughtful, precise, and very different from each another. Each chapter is written to be a valuable freestanding contribution to our collective wisdom. The set of case studies as a whole helps to build a collection of different perspectives on competition policy.

The awakening information needs of the developing countries

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn V. Tell
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Centres Of Excellence

The developing countries arc emulating the industrialized countries when setting up information services to cater for their information needs. However, the traditional infrastruc ture of service organisations may not be the best model for supporting easy and speedy access to information. A different approach is argued, founded upon the enthusiasm with which many developing countries have taken to online systems when demonstrated there. A model for a ministerial information network is proposed as part of a "social intel ligence function" of the country. It is proposed that Unesco and UNIDO should set up regional "centres of excellence" according to this model for developing countries.

scholarly journals Manually operated pile driver for use in the south Iraqi Marshlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Monti ◽  
Giuseppe Rossi ◽  
Stefano Simonini ◽  
Francesco Sorbetti Guerri ◽  
Matteo Barbari
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Pile Driver ◽  
Floating Pier

Anthropizations are necessary to implement the maintenance, recovery and utilization of wetlands. These interventions should be sustainable in every sense, in particular they should be marked by a low environmental impact. In general this aim can be achieved by using natural materials and carrying out procedures minimally invasive. In Developing Countries the latter point is often supported by the lack of equipment and energy availability, normally obtainable in Industrialized Countries. In practice, to build micro-infrastructures with the above said characteristics, it is normally necessary to drive poles, in our case in wood, in marshland’s soil. In order to accomplish this task a manually operated pile driver was designed and built. To operate in the water, a floating pier consisting of removable modular elements was also designed.

scholarly journals Newspaper attention and policy activities in Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chaqués Bonafont ◽  
Frank R. Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Comprehensive Database ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Media ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSpain's newspapers are characterised by strong partisan identities. We demonstrate that the two leading newspapers nonetheless show powerful similarities in the topics of their coverage over time. The media system is strongly related to the policy process and it shows similar levels of skew (attention focuses on just a few topics) and friction (attention lurches rapidly from topic to topic) as others have shown for policy processes more generally. Further, media attention is significantly related to parliamentary activities. Oral questions in parliament track closely with media attention over time. Our assessment is based on a comprehensive database of all front-page stories (over 95,000 stories) in El País and El Mundo, Spain's largest daily newspapers, and all 7,446 oral questions from 1996 to 2009. The paper shows that explanations of friction and skew in governmental activities should incorporate media dynamics as well. Political leaders are clearly sensitive to media salience.

scholarly journals Media frames and public perceptions of global poverty in the UK: Is there a link?

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Vossen ◽  
Lau Schulpen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Media Frames ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between media frames and public perceptions of global poverty. Building on a frame analysis, the paper reconstructs prevailing poverty narratives in British news articles and non-governmental organizations’ (NGO’s) advertisements between 2011 and 2013. Following this, these narratives are compared with the narratives that emerge from public opinion studies. The findings suggest that there is a strong connection between media frames and public knowledge and perceptions of global poverty. Both the media and the public define poverty in developing countries’ terms of destitute victims, lack of development and bad governance. Both suggest that the causes of poverty are internal to developing countries and imply that there has been little progress in reducing global poverty.

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