Assumed Non-Point Water Pollution Based on the Nitrogen Budget in Polish Agriculture

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sapek ◽  
B. Sapek
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nitrogen Budget ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Nitrogen Surplus ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Communist System

The nitrogen balance made on a national, regional and/or farm basis provides valuable information about the surplus of nitrogen in agricultural production. This surplus of nitrogen is dispersed into the environment, causing water pollution with nitrate and other compounds of nitrogen, air pollution with ammonia and nitrous oxide. The nitrogen balance in Polish agriculture has undergone vast changes during the last few years, according to economic and social transformations after the collapse of the communist system. The surplus of nitrogen decreased from about 90 kg N/ha in 1989 to about 60 kg N/ha in 1991. More than 30% of nitrogen surplus is volatilized into the atmosphere in the form of ammonia, while similar amounts find their way into the water, particularly groundwater. The amounts of nitrogen losses due to denitrification are difficult to estimate.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY FOR THE NITRATE VULNERABLE ZONES DESIGNATION IN SURFACE AND GROUND WATER

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
N.M. Osadcha ◽  
◽  
V.I. Osadchyi ◽  
V.V. Osypov ◽  
S.V. Biletska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Surplus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Zones

The article presents the national methodology for the identification of vulnerable areas to pollution of surface and ground water by nutrients compounds. The designation of nitrate vulnerable zones is an effective tool to reduce the impact of agricultural activities on water pollution by nutrients and is used for managing of diffuse pollution within river basins to achieve “good” ecological status. The analysis of heterogeneity of natural conditions in Ukraine and intensity of agricultural activity allows to determine 3 types of zones which differ in vulnerability: 1. Zones of high risk of water pollution, where nitrogen surplus in soil and washing and periodic washing regime are favorable for the nitrate leaching; 2. Zones of potential water pollution, where a deficient nitrogen balance in soil is observed in conditions of washing and periodic washing regime; 3. Zones of short-term pollution, where positive nitrogen balance in soil is noted by the unwashed water regime. The content of dissolved forms of mineral nitrogen (Nminer) in water and the presence of eutrophication process in the water body were recommended to use as criterias for designation of vulnerable zones. For the small rivers with a Strahler coefficient < 5, the nitrate vulnerable zones designation is recommended using the criterion of the nitrogen mineral forms content with a threshold value of 11,3 mgN/l. For the rivers with a Strahler coefficient ≥ 5, reservoirs, estuaries and coastal waters the designation is carried out on the basis of eutrophication. For the groundwater, it is based on the content of nitrogen mineral forms less than 9,7 mgN/l. This method was developed in Ukraine for the first time.

scholarly journals The Nitrogen Balancing Act: Tracking the Environmental Performance of Food Production

BioScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen L McLellan ◽  
Kenneth G Cassman ◽  
Alison J Eagle ◽  
Peter B Woodbury ◽  
Shai Sela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Farmers, food supply-chain entities, and policymakers need a simple but robust indicator to demonstrate progress toward reducing nitrogen pollution associated with food production. We show that nitrogen balance—the difference between nitrogen inputs and nitrogen outputs in an agricultural production system—is a robust measure of nitrogen losses that is simple to calculate, easily understood, and based on readily available farm data. Nitrogen balance provides farmers with a means of demonstrating to an increasingly concerned public that they are succeeding in reducing nitrogen losses while also improving the overall sustainability of their farming operation. Likewise, supply-chain companies and policymakers can use nitrogen balance to track progress toward sustainability goals. We describe the value of nitrogen balance in translating environmental targets into actionable goals for farmers and illustrate the potential roles of science, policy, and agricultural support networks in helping farmers achieve them.

Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Richardson ◽  
◽  
Eric Dixon ◽  
Ted Boettner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Negative Impacts

Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.

scholarly journals Identification of Leaching Zone in Pasirimpun Dump Station, West Java, Indonesia Using Resistivity and Induced Polarization Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Alfin Ari Nugraha ◽  
A.` A. Ilmanto ◽  
J. Jonathan ◽  
R. M. Rashad ◽  
S. Maghrifa
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Polarization Method ◽  
West Java ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Geophysical Measurements

The presence of dump stations around resident's houses besides resulting air pollution, it is also affectingthe cleanliness of water used by society to meet their daily needs. Location where we researched is at ex-Pasirimpun Dump Station, Karang Pamulang Village, Kecamatan Cicadas, Bandung. Although Pasirimpun Dump Station has been closed and turned function into Taman Abdi Negara, it is feared that there is a water pollution caused by leach zone. Geophysical measurements by geoelectric method are performed to prove the leaching zone. This study aims to determine the depth of the leaching zone, its position against the groundwater level, and what potential harm can caused by the leaching zone. The methodology that is used are direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. Our measurements is done by using schlumberger conguration and Induced Polarization (IP) method on morphology that tend to be at with a length of 141 meters stretch and a spaceof 3 meters. Groundwater faces are mapped to be correlated with the depth of the existing leaching zone. From the results of literature studies, there is a leaching zone in the area with a depth of about 30 meters. By knowing this leaching zone, we hope that there will be cooperation between government and society to avoidthe impacts of leaching zone on the water which they consumed. One way to know, is to drill deeper water level from the leach zone.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Surplus—A Unified Indicator for Water Pollution in Europe?

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Klages ◽  
Claudia Heidecke ◽  
Bernhard Osterburg ◽  
John Bailey ◽  
Irina Calciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Nitrogen Surplus ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Nitrogen Budgeting

Pollution of ground-and surface waters with nitrates from agricultural sources poses a risk to drinking water quality and has negative impacts on the environment. At the national scale, the gross nitrogen budget (GNB) is accepted as an indicator of pollution caused by nitrates. There is, however, little common EU-wide knowledge on the budget application and its comparability at the farm level for the detection of ground-and surface water pollution caused by nitrates and the monitoring of mitigation measures. Therefore, a survey was carried out among experts of various European countries in order to assess the practice and application of fertilization planning and nitrogen budgeting at the farm level and the differences between countries within Europe. While fertilization planning is practiced in all of the fourteen countries analyzed in this paper, according to current legislation, nitrogen budgets have to be calculated only in Switzerland, Germany and Romania. The survey revealed that methods of fertilization planning and nitrogen budgeting at the farm level are not unified throughout Europe. In most of the cases where budgets are used regularly (Germany, Romania, Switzerland), standard values for the chemical composition of feed, organic fertilizers, animal and plant products are used. The example of the Dutch Annual Nutrient Cycling Assessment (ANCA) tool (and partly of the Suisse Balance) shows that it is only by using farm-specific “real” data that budgeting can be successfully applied to optimize nutrient flows and increase N efficiencies at the farm level. However, this approach is more elaborate and requires centralized data processing under consideration of data protection concerns. This paper concludes that there is no unified indicator for nutrient management and water quality at the farm level. A comparison of regionally calculated nitrogen budgets across European countries needs to be interpreted carefully, as methods as well as data and emission factors vary across countries. For the implementation of EU nitrogen-related policies—notably, the Nitrates Directive—nutrient budgeting is currently ruled out as an entry point for legal requirements. In contrast, nutrient budgets are highlighted as an environment indicator by the OECD and EU institutions.

scholarly journals Pollution, Health, and the Moderating Role of Physical Activity Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6272
Author(s):  
George B. Cunningham ◽  
Pamela Wicker ◽  
Brian P. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Particle Matter ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Effect

Air and water pollution have detrimental effects on health, while physical activity opportunities have a positive relationship. The purpose of this study was to explore whether physical activity opportunities moderate the relationships among air and water pollution, and measures of health. Aggregate data were collected at the county level in the United States (n = 3104). Variables included the mean daily density of fine particle matter (air pollution), reported cases of health-related drinking water violations (water pollution), subjective ratings of poor or fair health (overall health), the number of physically and mentally unhealthy (physical and mental health, respectively), and the percentage of people living in close proximity to a park or recreation facility (access to physical activity). Air and water pollution have a significant positive effect on all measures of residents’ poor health, while physical activity opportunities only have a negative effect on overall health and physical health. Access to physical activity only moderates the relationship between air pollution and all health outcomes. Since physical activity behavior can be more rapidly changed than some causes of pollution, providing the resident population with better access to physical activity can represent an effective tool in environmental health policy.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulations, Air and Water Pollution, and Infant Mortality in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 3038-3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Rema Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Institutional Settings

Using the most comprehensive developing country dataset ever compiled on air and water pollution and environmental regulations, the paper assesses India's environmental regulations with a difference-in-differences design. The air pollution regulations are associated with substantial improvements in air quality. The most successful air regulation resulted in a modest but statistically insignificant decline in infant mortality. In contrast, the water regulations had no measurable benefits. The available evidence leads us to cautiously conclude that higher demand for air quality prompted the effective enforcement of air pollution regulations, indicating that strong public support allows environmental regulations to succeed in weak institutional settings. (JEL I12, J13, O13, Q53, Q58)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document