Sewage: Towards Realistic Environmental Protection

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Johnston ◽  
M. MacGarvin ◽  
R. L. Stringer ◽  
S. Troendle ◽  
R. J. Swindlehurst
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Sewage Effluents ◽  
Excessive Oxygen

The disposal of sewage into aquatic systems is attracting increasing regulation at the European Community level. Initially, pollution control strategies focussed on the protection of rivers and inland waters from excessive oxygen demand loading. This has led to an increasing use of marine waters for the disposal of sewage effluents and sludges. The bacteriological hazards associated with these practices are now well understood and have led in turn to restrictions on such disposal activities. This problem is illustrated with data from Venice Lagoon showing extreme bacterial contamination. A less commonly appreciated problem relates to the chemical contamination of sewage from both household and industrial chemicals. Results from analyses of a variety of sewage effluents are presented in this paper and the implications of the inventory of chemicals found are discussed.

scholarly journals Status and Threats to Mugger Crocodile Crocodylus palustris Lesson, 1831 at Rani Tal, Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish P Bhatt ◽  
Tej Bahadur Saund ◽  
Jham Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

A study was carried out for preparing baseline information on water quality, population status and threats to Mugger crocodile, Crocodylus palustris Lesson at Rani Tal, Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve. Water quality analysis was conducted for three seasons (summer, autumn and winter) in the year 2008 - 2009. The study has found the physico-chemical contamination in the lake. The water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, total hardness, free carbon dioxide, biological oxygen demand and ammonia) exceeded the normal range to support the Muggers. A survey around the lake recorded four adult Mugger crocodiles (>180 cm body length) basking in sandy and muddy bank during the investigation period. The lake is under pressure from diverse anthropogenic factors. The principal threats to the Mugger crocodile include water pollution, habitat destruction, sedimentation, food shortage, egg collection and seasonal fluctuation of water level. The total area and depth of the lake is diminishing due to encroachment by Phragmites karka and flash flood during monsoon. Conservation and proper management of the lake are urgently required. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 125-131 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7451

The global change of continental aquatic systems: dominant impacts of human activities

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meybeck
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
New Era ◽  
Earth Systems ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Continental aquatic systems, particularly rivers, are exposed to major changes due to human pressures. Some changes are voluntary such as flow regulation and the fragmentation of river courses, both due to damming, or the water consumption particularly in dry regions, which results in a partial to complete dry-up of some rivers (neo-arheism). Other changes result from indirect impacts of other human activities, and include: sediment unbalance of river systems, chemical contamination, acidification, eutrophication, thermal unbalance, radioactive contamination, microbial contamination, and aquatic species introduction/invasion. These changes can be regarded as syndromes which have now reached a global amplitude, even in less populated regions, as the result of damning, mining and of long-range atmospheric pollution, thus defining a new era, the Anthropocene, where continental aquatic systems are no longer controlled by earth systems processes but by human activities. Each region of the globe has developed specific patterns of syndromes trajectories that can be reconstructed from historical analysis and through environmental archives. These trajectories reveal multiple types of human responses to aquatic environmental issues (e.g. water quality), usually lasting 10 to 50 years for the successful ones. The reactions of the earth system to such major changes of fluxes (water, energy, nutrients, carbon, pollutants) via the continental waterscape, the land-ocean interactions, the water bodies-atmosphere interactions, are likely to take place over a longer time scale (100-1,000 years) yet are poorly addressed by scientists and not considered in Integrated Water Management, particularly as concerns the coastal zone.

scholarly journals NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR MOSES LAKE, WASHINGTON

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Richard C. Bain ◽  
Richard R. Horner ◽  
Leigh Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nonpoint Pollution ◽  
Lake Washington

scholarly journals Public disclosure of industrial pollution: the PROPER approach for Indonesia?

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORGE H. GARCÍA ◽  
THOMAS STERNER ◽  
SHAKEB AFSAH
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
Plant Level

ABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the effectiveness of the Program for Pollution Control Evaluation and Rating (PROPER) in Indonesia. PROPER, the first major public disclosure program in the developing world, was launched in June 1995; though it collapsed in 1998 with the Asian financial crisis, it is currently being revived. There have been claims of success for this pioneering scheme, yet little formal and conclusive analysis has been undertaken. We analyze changes in emissions concentrations (mg/L) using panel data techniques with plant-level data for participating firms and a control group. The results show that there was indeed a positive response to PROPER, especially among firms with poor environmental compliance records. The response was immediate, and firms pursued further emissions reductions in the following months. The total estimated reductions in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were approximately 32 per cent.

scholarly journals Strategy of Rainwater Discharge in Combined Sewage Intercepting Manhole Based on Water Quality Control

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongqing Wei ◽  
Xiangfeng Huang ◽  
Lijun Lu ◽  
Haidong Shangguan ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Sewage Pollution ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Water Quality Control

In view of problems such as the poor control effect of combined sewage pollution caused by traditional intercepting weir and the limited extension of the urban drainage model, which needs a large amount of basic data, this paper not only studied the characteristics of mixed-flow pollution via the urban drainage model but also simulated and optimized 6 interception control strategies and proposed a water quality interception strategy based on the pollution concentration of combined sewage. The results showed that, compared with the traditional interception weir, the interception control strategy of rainwater discharge based on the mixed pipe network model can obviously improve the control rate of various pollutants and reduce the interception amount required for pollution control. Through optimization of the interception based on water quality control by the combination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4-N, the interception rate was improved by 10.9% to 56.1% in contrast to the traditional interception weir and the closure water volume was reduced by 1432–6154 m3, which effectively improved the reliability and economy of the interception.

Water pollution problems posed by small industries: a case study of India and China

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Small Industries ◽  
India And China

Small-scale industrial enterprises play a highly important role in the development of countries such as India and China since they tend to be labour-intensive, contribute to decentralised industrial development, and are flexible and responsive to emerging demands. However they also often use outdated and highly polluting technologies and, operating in very competitive environments, have very limited financial reserves to invest in “non-productive” pollution control technologies. There has been very little research anywhere into low-cost pollution-control technologies or more applicable pollution control strategies for this sector.

scholarly journals Sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> carbonaceous aerosol in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijing Bian ◽  
Badr Alharbi ◽  
Mohammed M. Sharee ◽  
Tahir Husai ◽  
Mohammad J. Pasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Continuous Method ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
The City

Abstract. Knowledge of the sources of carbonaceous aerosol affecting air quality in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia is limited, but needed for the development of pollution control strategies. We conducted sampling of PM2.5 from April to September, 2012 at various sites in the city, and used a thermo-optical semi-continuous method to quantify the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations. The average OC and EC concentrations were 4.7 ± 4.4 and 2.1 ± 2.5 μg  m

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