Anaerobic reactors for food processing wastewater treatment: established technology and new developments

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. H. V. Oliva ◽  
M. Zaiat ◽  
E. Foresti
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Rational Design Parameters ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Food Processing Wastewater

This paper presents the features and the most important empirical design parameters of anaerobic filters (AF) and up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors which are the main anaerobic process units used for the treatment of low-strength food-processing wastewaters in Brazil. The technology associated with this type of reactors can be considered well established, since they are reliable operating at temperatures ranging from 15 to 30°C and at volumetric organic loading rates (OLR) lower than 5.0 kg COD.m−3.d−1. Recently, a new configuration of anaerobic reactor - the horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized sludge (HAIS) reactor, has been proposed for the treatment of low-strength wastewaters. The sequence of fundamental and applied researches aiming to establish rational design parameters for the HAIS reactor scale-up is presented here.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING THE CRITICAL CUTTING SPEED OF THE MECHANISM FOR FORMING AND TRIMMING THE FALSE EDGE OF THE DORNIER RAPIER LOOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Svitlana V. Bukina ◽  
Tatiana A. Sitnikova
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Rational Design Parameters ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Knife Blade ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a method for determining the critical cutting speed of the threads of the false edge of the edge-forming mechanism of the weaving rapier machine. The proposed calculation method takes into account the impact nature of the cutting process at a critical speed, which allows taking into account the mutual influence of the parameters of the working process and more fully assess the mechanics of this process, in which the intensity of the cutting force and the value of the contact stress take the maximum value. The paper calculates the critical cutting speed for some of the main types of threads used and the parameters of the knife blade. The presented calculation results can be used to select rational design parameters of the knife blade, depending on the type of processed threads, when designing and researching new edge-forming mechanisms on looms.

Granular Sludge Formation in the Anaerobic Expanded Micro-Carrier Bed Process

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yoda ◽  
M. Kitagawa ◽  
Y. Miyaji
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Sludge Formation ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The anaerobic expanded micro-carrier bed (MCB) process, which utilizes fine (50-100 microns) support materials as expanded bed media, was found to have the ability to cultivate granular sludge similar to that formed in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process. Two laboratory-scale MCB reactors were studied with VFA and glucose wastewaters to clarify the role of the micro-carrier and the influence of substrates on granular sludge formation. Based on these results, a scale-up model with a reactor volume of 800 1 was successfully operated using molasses wastewater to demonstrate the feasibility of granular sludge formation in the MCB process.

scholarly journals Constraints, performance and perspectives of anaerobic sewage treatment: lessons from full-scale sewage treatment plants in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bressani-Ribeiro ◽  
L. A. Chamhum-Silva ◽  
C. A. L. Chernicharo
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Design Construction

Abstract There are hundreds of full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors in operation in various parts of the tropical world, notably in India and Latin America, Brazil being the holder of the largest park of anaerobic reactors for sewage treatment in the world. Despite the recognized advantages of UASB reactors, there are problems that have prevented their maximum operational performance. Neglecting the existence and delaying the solution of these challenges can jeopardize the important advances made to date, impacting the future of anaerobic technology in Brazil and in other countries. This work aims to evaluate the operational performance of five full-scale UASB reactors in Brazil, taking into account a monitoring period ranging between two and six years. The main observed design, construction, and operational constraints are discussed. Some outlooks for important upcoming developments are also provided, considering that most of the observed drawbacks can be tackled without significant increases on reactor costs.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Physiological Insights into the Robustness of Long Filamentous Cells of Methanosaeta harundinacea, Prevalent in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Granules

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liguang Zhou ◽  
Haiying Yu ◽  
Guomin Ai ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Songnian Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Aceticlastic Methanogenesis ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

ABSTRACTMethanosaetaspp. are widely distributed in natural environments, and their filamentous cells contribute significantly to sludge granulation and the good performance of anaerobic reactors. A previous study indicated thatMethanosaeta harundinacea6Ac displays a quorum sensing-regulated morphological transition from short to long filaments, and more acetate is channeled into methane production in long filaments, whereas more is channeled into biomass synthesis in short filaments. Here, we performed transcriptomic and physiological analysis to gain insights into active methanogenesis in long filaments ofM. harundinacea6Ac. Both RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR indicated that transcription of the genes involved in aceticlastic methanogenesis and energy metabolism was upregulated 1.2- to 10.3-fold in long filaments, while transcription of the genes for the methyl oxidative shunt was upregulated in short filaments. [2-13C]acetate trace experiments demonstrated that a relatively higher portion of the acetate methyl group was oxidized to CO2in short filaments than in long filaments. The long filaments exhibited higher catalase activity and oxygen tolerance than the short ones, which is consistent with increased transcription of the oxidant-scavenging genes. Moreover, transcription of genes for cell surface structures was upregulated in the long filaments, and transmission electron microscopy revealed a thicker cell envelope in the filaments. RNA-seq determined a >2-fold upregulation of a variety of antistress genes in short filaments, like those encoding chaperones and DNA repair systems, which implies that the short filaments can be stressed. This study reveals the genetic basis for the prevalence of the long filamentous morphology ofM. harundinaceacells in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket granules.

scholarly journals TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL TILLAGE WORKING UNITS ON THE BASIS OF FIELDS SOLIDGRAMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юрий Казаков ◽  
Yuriy Kazakov ◽  
Владимир Медведев ◽  
Vladimir Medvedev ◽  
Алексей Терентьев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rational Design Parameters ◽  
Automatic Adaptation ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

When solving engineering problems in soil cultivation, soil resistivity is applied. The use of solidograms is more preferable in the construction of soil-working tools and the operation of agricultural machinery. The developed technologies and instruments for continuous layerwise determination of the longitudinal hardness of the arable layer make it possible to obtain soil maps by hardness, to create a database. Factors affecting hardness variability include crop cultivation technology, row spacing, parameters, number and gauge of movers of mobile power tools and agricultural tools, the width of the technological track. The influence of the degrees of freedom of the working units on the intensity of loosening of the soil, the magnitude and nature of the change in the traction resistance, both as a separate working unit and the entire implement, is considered. A combined working unit consisting of a cutaway knife, a built-in drainer, a spring bender on a spring-loaded draft, which creates conditions for the realization of low-intensity types of deformation, the Baushinger effect is proposed. The advantage of the working unit is the continuous automatic adaptation of geometric parameters. For design and strength calculation of such working units, synthesis of elastic characteristics, it is recommended to use methods of the theory of random oscillations. The force and kinematic perturbation of the oscillations is caused by the variability of the hardness of the arable layer, the speed of movement of the working organ, the vibrorheological properties of the soil, and the parameters of the elastic characteristics of the system of springs. The rationale for the smoothing capability of the dynamical system being designed is substantiated by justifying rational design parameters, selecting the material, determining the system parameters by known characteristics at the input and output.

scholarly journals Multi-section coupling device for aggregation of modern seeding machines

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
G.G. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
S.I. Kambulov ◽  
I.V. Bozhko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Coupling Device ◽  
Rational Design Parameters ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Choosing rational design parameters of the coupling device for multi-section aggregation of seeders, it is possible to ensure full loading of the power unit while maintaining quality indicators of the technological process at a sufficiently high level. Foreign aggregates are not suitable for use in the Russian Federation due to the different soil and climatic conditions. Purpose of the study: to develop an effective device for multi-section aggregation suitable for domestic modern seeding machines. Subject of the research: the relationship of design parameters and modes of operation of the device for multi-section aggregation of seeders with indicators of the technological process of sowing. A monographic survey of known structures has been carried out, a device for multi-section aggregation of seeding machines has been substantiated by the design and construction method, indicators of the technological process of sowing have been experimentally obtained. The developed coupling device for multi-section aggregation consists of a central frame resting on the wheels and articulated side sections: left and right, which fold when transporting the seeding unit. The total working width of the seeding unit is up to 12.5 meters. According to the research results, the quality of the technological process by the seeding devices meets the regulatory requirements. The instability of the total seeding (0.6–1.1 % for barley and 0.4–0.7 % for wheat) is within the tolerance (up to 3 percent); uneven seeding between devices 3.9–4.2 percent (barley) and 2.6–4.2 percent (wheat) corresponds to the norm (up to 5 percent). The number of seeds embedded at a predetermined depth of the soil corresponds to the required (not less than 80 percent) and was 81.8–83.9 percent for barley and 80.1–83.3 percent for wheat. Not embedded seeds were found in the soil.

Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment in the Food Processing Industry: Two Case Studies

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Campos ◽  
E. Foresti ◽  
R D. P. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Food Processing Industry ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This article relates two experiments with wastewater treatment in the food processing industry. One of them refers to the use of an anaerobic filter (meat processing industry) and the other to the use of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor-UASB (vegetable and fruit processing industry). In the first case, the study describes the performance of an anaerobic filter which has been working for 6 years and provides COD removal efficiency (including primary treatment) equal or better than 80% with an organic loading of 1.4 kg of COD/m3 day. The reactor has a bed of broken stones with size of 0.75 m having a medium hydraulic detention time of 13 h. Discharges of accumulated sludge in a false bottom below the filter are made at intervals of 2 or 3 months.In the second case, the study describes the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (88 m3) during 255 days of operation including the adaptation phase or startup. This reactor receives wastewater from vegetable and fruit processing including tomato , corn, guava and peach. At the end of each operational phase studied, the COD removal efficiency was about 80%. In the last phase (7.5 h hydraulic detention time), the organic loading was 1.4 kg of COD/m3 day and the hydraulic loading was 3.2 m3/m3 day.

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