Microbiological performance and salmonella dynamics in a wastewater depuration pond system of southeastern spain

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Emparanza-Knörr ◽  
Francisco Torrella
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Village ◽  
Final Effluent

The Salmonella presence and the microbiological quality indicators, total and fecal coliforms and coliphages of E. coli C, have been studied in a overloaded wastewater lagoon system treating urban wastewatrers of the village of Guardamar del Segura (Alicante, Spain). Classical microbiological technology to detect salmonellae was used, including pre-enrichment, enrichment, selective media plating and biochemical and serological confirmation. Water was physicochemically characterized according to COD, SS, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The selective migration step through Rappaport-Vassiliadis semisolid agar medium was essential for the consistent detection of Salmonella in the different lagoon effluents. Total and fecal coliform levels of up to 105-106 MPN/100 ml were detected in the final effluent. High coliphage concentrations of 103-104 pfu/ml were also found in the effluent waters. Salmonella was always detected in 100 ml samples and eventually reached an order of value of 103 MPN/100 ml. Total coliform reduction was higher in the anaerobic ponds whereas fecal coliforms were more efficiently eliminated in the facultative (mostly “anoxic”) lagoons. Coliphage reduction was higher in the facultative lagoons when compared to the anaerobic ponds. On many occasions, no reduction or eventual increment of the concentration of salmonellae was detected in the effluents from the anaerobic ponds compared to concentrations of the patohogen in the influent raw wasterwaters. The possibility exists for a capacity of Salmonella to multiply in the anoxic phase of the wastewater treatment, but the presence of microorganisms in raw sewage waters which could maskSalmonella detection with the enrichment methodology employed cannot be ruled out.

Yeasts and coliform bacteria of water accumulated in bromeliads of mangrove and sand dune ecosystems of southeast Brazil

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 973-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen N. Hagler ◽  
Carlos A. Rosa ◽  
Paula B. Morais ◽  
Leda C. Mendonça-Hagler ◽  
Georgia M. O. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Yeast Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeasts

Yeasts and coliform bacteria were isolated from water that accumulated in the central cups and adjacent leaf axilae of two bromeliads, Neoregelia cruenta of a coastal sand dune and Quesnelia quesneliana of a mangrove ecosystem near the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mean total coliform counts were above 10 000 per 100 mL for waters of both plants, but the mean fecal coliform counts were only 74 per 100 mL for Q. quesneliana and mostly undetected in water from N. cruenta. Of 90 fecal coliform isolates, 51 were typical of Escherichia coli in colony morphology and indol, methyl red, Volges–Proskauer, and citrate (IMViC) tests. Seven representatives of the typical E. coli cultures were identified as this species, but the identifications of nine other coliform bacteria were mostly dubious. The yeast community of N. cruenta was typical of plant surfaces with basidiomycetous yeasts anamorphs, and the black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans was prevalent. Quesnelia quesneliana had a substantial proportion of ascomycetous yeasts and their anamorphs, including a probable new biotype of Saccharomyces unisporus. Our results suggested that the microbial communities in bromeliad waters are typically autochtonous and not contaminants.Key words: yeasts, fecal coliforms, bromeliad waters, mangrove, Restinga.

Seasonal Variation in the Fecal Coliform Population of Louisiana Oysters and its Relationship to Microbiological Quality

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANE PAILLE ◽  
CAMERON HACKNEY ◽  
LAWERENCE REILY ◽  
MARY COLE ◽  
MARILYN KILGEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Sewage Pollution ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
E Coli

Seasonal variation was observed in the type of bacteria which comprised the fecal coliform population of oysters. Escherichia coli was the principal fecal coliform when water temperatures were below 22°C. Conversely, Klebsiella sp. predominated during the summer months. No significant relationship was observed between levels of E. coli and enterococci and non-E. coli fecal coliforms in oysters. Fecal coliform and E. coli levels were significantly (p >0.001) related in water. Klebsiella sp. isolated from oysters demonstrated considerably less multiple antimicrobial agent resistance than clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. Fecal coliform-positive Klebsiella species had characteristics of environmental organisms. Results of this study suggest that high levels of non-E coli fecal coliforms in oysters harvested in the summer from beds meeting the fecal coliform water standard are not indicative of sewage pollution. Furthermore, it is suggested that the safety indicator in the guideline for oyster meats should be changed form fecal coliforms to E. coli.

scholarly journals Socio-environmental and microbiological assessment of the river Piancó, Pombal, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Eulina Kelly Guilherme Lacerda ◽  
Edevaldo Da Silva ◽  
Rosália Severo Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Town ◽  
Home Consumption

The River Piancó in the municipality of Pombal on the western stretch of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, receives contaminated effluents. Current assay evaluates the microbiological quality of the river water and analyzes the social and environmental aspects of the riverine community with regard to the water and its use of the river. The water´s microbiological quality was verified at four sites on the river in five two-monthly collections throughout the year (totaling 20 samples) for the following analyses: Most Probably Number (MPN), Total (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) and identification of Escherichia coli. The social and environmental aspects were assessed by a 15-question questionnaire given to thirty homes. Results report Fecal Coliforms (> 240 to > 1,100 MPN 100 mL-1), Total (> 93 to > 1,100 MPN 100 mL-1) and high concentrations of E. coli (> 898 to > 1,100 UFC 100 mL-1) in all the sampling sites. The river is frequented by the riverine people for home consumption, recreation and fishing. Conditions of the River Piancó, especially in the stretch that margins the town of Pombal, are highly critical and exceed the limits of current Brazilian legislation with regard to drinking and swimming conditions. 

Identification of strains isolated as total and fecal coliforms and comparison of both groups as indicators of fecal pollution in tropical climates

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc C. Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Metallic Sheen ◽  
Tropical Climates

This study was undertaken to better characterize the groups of total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC) and to evaluate both groups as indicators of fecal contamination of drinking well water in a tropical climate (The Ivory Coast, West Africa). Isolated colonies obtained as TC or FC on membrane filters were identified using the API-20E system. From the well water samples, 58 golden-green colonies with a metallic sheen isolated on Endo medium (TC) were identified as Escherichia coli (55%), Enterobacter (26%), Klebsiella (14%), Proteus (3%), and Citrobacter (2%). Among 132 colonies isolated on Endo medium as non-TC (not showing the characteristic golden metallic sheen), 10% were identified as E. coli. The 196 blue colonies isolated on M-FC medium at 44.5 °C (FC) were identified as E. coli (66%), Klebsiella (12%), Enterobacter (10%), Citrobacter (5%), Salmonella (3%), Serratia (3%), Proteus (2%), and Yersinia (0.5%). Among 24 nonblue colonies on M-FC medium, none were identified as E. coli. Of the colonies isolated from human feces, E. coli represents 92% of the TC and 89% of the FC. Although these results are limited, they tend to confirm the greater specificity of the fecal coliform technique over that of total coliform for the detection of fecal contamination of untreated well water. From the results presented here and the observations of other workers, it is suggested that the use of FC instead of TC should be considered as the method of choice for determining drinking water pollution of untreated groundwater supplies.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fecal Coliform Agar and Violet Red Bile Lactose Agar for Fecal Coliform Enumeration in Foods

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1631-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leclercq ◽  
C. Wanegue ◽  
P. Baylac
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Hafnia Alvei ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Mashed Potatoes

ABSTRACT A 24-h direct plating method for fecal coliform enumeration with a resuscitation step (preincubation for 2 h at 37 ± 1°C and transfer to 44 ± 1°C for 22 h) using fecal coliform agar (FCA) was compared with the 24-h standardized violet red bile lactose agar (VRBL) method. FCA and VRBL have equivalent specificities and sensitivities, except for lactose-positive non-fecal coliforms such as Hafnia alvei, which could form typical colonies on FCA and VRBL. Recovery of cold-stressed Escherichia coli in mashed potatoes on FCA was about 1 log unit lower than that with VRBL. When the FCA method was compared with standard VRBL for enumeration of fecal coliforms, based on counting carried out on 170 different food samples, results were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Based on 203 typical identified colonies selected as found on VRBL and FCA, the latter medium appears to allow the enumeration of more true fecal coliforms and has higher performance in certain ways (specificity, sensitivity, and negative and positive predictive values) than VRBL. Most colonies clearly identified on both media were E. coli and H. alvei, a non-fecal coliform. Therefore, the replacement of fecal coliform enumeration by E. coli enumeration to estimate food sanitary quality should be recommended.

scholarly journals Tokat Bez Sucuğunun Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesinin İncelenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2683-2694
Author(s):  
Nesrin Kaval ◽  
Nilgün Öncül ◽  
Zeliha Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

In this study, the microbiological quality of traditionally produced Bez Sucuk in Tokat and its vicinity was investigated. For this purpose, 30 Bez Sucuk samples obtained from butchers, producers of Bez Sucuk, were analyzed for total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts-moulds, total coliform, fecal coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Cl. perfringens. Also, the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were investigated in all samples. pH and water activity of the samples were determined. As the result of the analysis, the counts of the microbiological parameters investigated were found as follows: total mesophilic aerobic bacteria 3.5×106-4.23×109 CFU/g, lactic acid bacteria 5.55×105-2.45×109 CFU/g, yeasts and moulds 2.50×103-6.90×109 CFU/g, total coliform

Occurrence of Enteric Bacteria and Viruses in Oysters

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK D. SOBSEY ◽  
CAMERON R. HACKNEY ◽  
ROBERT J. CARRICK ◽  
BIBEK RAY ◽  
MARVIN L. SPECK
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Closed Area ◽  
Vibrio Parahemolyticus

Enteric bacteria and virus levels were determined in oysters from paired stations that were opened or closed for commercial shellfishing on the basis of total coliform levels in the water. Six pairs of stations were sampled quarterly over a 1-year period. Enteric viruses were found in 3 of 24 50-g oyster samples from closed areas and in none of 23 samples from open areas. Salmonella was found in 2 of 47 samples of 40 g each, one from an open and the other from a closed area. Although enteric pathogens of fecal origin were found only in oysters that exceeded the recommended market limit of 230 fecal coliforms per 100 g of meat, the fecal coliform levels in some virus-positive samples were much lower than those in Salmonella-positive samples. Vibrio parahemolyticus levels were similar in oysters from both open and closed beds, indicating no particular association with fecal pollution. However, there was a marked seasonal variation in V. parahemolyticus levels. Total but not fecal coliform levels in oysters from open beds correlated with the occurrence of rainfall 1 or 2 days before sample collection. Neither total nor fecal coliform levels in oysters from closed beds correlated with rainfall. These findings suggest that fecal coliforms levels in oysters are less influenced by rainfall than are total coliforms, and therefore may be a more specific indicator of recent fecal pollution.

Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in and the Microbiological Quality of Seafood in North Carolina1

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. HACKNEY ◽  
B. RAY ◽  
M. L. SPECK
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Microbiological analyses of 716 seafood samples over a 3-year period revealed that the microbiological quality of fresh seafood in North Carolina was generally acceptable. The mean aerobic counts (APC) and fecal coliform counts were low as was the occurrence of enteric pathogens, except for Vibrio parahaemolyticus and coagulase-positive staphylococci. Salmonella species were isolated from three samples, but the fecal coliform counts of these samples far exceeded the shellfish standard of the United States Food and Drug Administration. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated in low numbers from nearly all the different types of seafoods; unpasteurized crabmeat and head-peeled shrimp samples showed the highest counts (10% of these samples had numbers which exceeded 100/g). V. parahaemolyticus occurred frequently in fresh seafood (overall 46% of the samples were positive) and its numbers showed a definite seasonal variation. No positive statistical correlation was found between the numbers of V. parahaemolyticus and the bacteriological indices, such as coliforms, fecal coliforms, enterococci and APC. Processing practices were found to influence the occurrence of V. parahaemolvticus in seafood; for example, improperly cleaned flumes were found to be a reservoir for V. parahaemolyticus in mechanical scallop processing plants. Also ‘picking’ waste ‘containers’ were found to be sources of V. parahaemolyticus in crab processing plants. Some processing practices such as heat shocking of oysters to facilitate opening were found to reduce the numbers of V. parahaemolyticus. Fifty V. parahaemolyticus isolates from different seafoods were tested for their Kanagawa reaction and all were found to be negative.

scholarly journals Presence and Sources of Fecal Coliform Bacteria in Epilithic Periphyton Communities of Lake Superior

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 3771-3778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried B. Ksoll ◽  
Satoshi Ishii ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky ◽  
Randall E. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Animal Hosts

ABSTRACT Epilithic periphyton communities were sampled at three sites on the Minnesota shoreline of Lake Superior from June 2004 to August 2005 to determine if fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli were present throughout the ice-free season. Fecal coliform densities increased up to 4 orders of magnitude in early summer, reached peaks of up to 1.4 � 105 CFU cm−2 by late July, and decreased during autumn. Horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced repetitive-PCR DNA fingerprint analyses indicated that the source for 2% to 44% of the E. coli bacteria isolated from these periphyton communities could be identified when compared with a library of E. coli fingerprints from animal hosts and sewage. Waterfowl were the major source (68 to 99%) of periphyton E. coli strains that could be identified. Several periphyton E. coli isolates were genotypically identical (≥92% similarity), repeatedly isolated over time, and unidentified when compared to the source library, suggesting that these strains were naturalized members of periphyton communities. If the unidentified E. coli strains from periphyton were added to the known source library, then 57% to 81% of E. coli strains from overlying waters could be identified, with waterfowl (15 to 67%), periphyton (6 to 28%), and sewage effluent (8 to 28%) being the major potential sources. Inoculated E. coli rapidly colonized natural periphyton in laboratory microcosms and persisted for several weeks, and some cells were released to the overlying water. Our results indicate that E. coli from periphyton released into waterways confounds the use of this bacterium as a reliable indicator of recent fecal pollution.

scholarly journals Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Carrying Virulence Genes in Coastal Marine Sediments

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (17) ◽  
pp. 5659-5668 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Luna ◽  
C. Vignaroli ◽  
C. Rinaldi ◽  
A. Pusceddu ◽  
L. Nicoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Despite the recognized potential of long-term survival or even growth of fecal indicators bacteria (FIB) in marine sediments, this compartment is largely ignored by health protection authorities. We conducted a large-scale study over approximately 50 km of the Marche coasts (Adriatic Sea) at depths ranging from 2 to 5 m. Total and fecal coliforms (FC) were counted by culture-based methods. Escherichia coli was also quantified using fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting specific 16S rRNA sequences, which yielded significantly higher abundances than culture-based methods, suggesting the potential importance of viable but nonculturable E. coli cells. Fecal coliforms displayed high abundances at most sites and showed a prevalence of E. coli. FC isolates (n = 113) were identified by API 20E, additional biochemical tests, and internal transcribed spacer-PCR. E. coli strains, representing 96% of isolates, were then characterized for genomic relatedness and phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, and D) of origin by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and multiplex-PCR. The results indicated that E. coli displayed a wide genotypic diversity, also among isolates from the same station, and that 44 of the 109 E. coli isolates belonged to groups B2 and D. Further characterization of B2 and D isolates for the presence of 11 virulence factor genes (pap, sfa/foc, afa, eaeA, ibeA, traT, hlyA, stx 1, stx 2, aer, and fyuA) showed that 90% of B2 and 65% of D isolates were positive for at least one of these. Most of the variance of both E. coli abundance and assemblage composition (>62%) was explained by a combination of physical-chemical and trophic variables. These findings indicate that coastal sediments could represent a potential reservoir for commensal and pathogenic E. coli and that E. coli distribution in marine coastal sediments largely depends upon the physical and trophic status of the sediment. We conclude that future sampling designs aimed at monitoring the microbiological quality of marine coastal areas should not further neglect the analysis of the sediment and that monitoring of these environments can be improved by including molecular methods as a complement of culture-based techniques.

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