scholarly journals Presence and Sources of Fecal Coliform Bacteria in Epilithic Periphyton Communities of Lake Superior

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 3771-3778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried B. Ksoll ◽  
Satoshi Ishii ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky ◽  
Randall E. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Animal Hosts

ABSTRACT Epilithic periphyton communities were sampled at three sites on the Minnesota shoreline of Lake Superior from June 2004 to August 2005 to determine if fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli were present throughout the ice-free season. Fecal coliform densities increased up to 4 orders of magnitude in early summer, reached peaks of up to 1.4 � 105 CFU cm−2 by late July, and decreased during autumn. Horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced repetitive-PCR DNA fingerprint analyses indicated that the source for 2% to 44% of the E. coli bacteria isolated from these periphyton communities could be identified when compared with a library of E. coli fingerprints from animal hosts and sewage. Waterfowl were the major source (68 to 99%) of periphyton E. coli strains that could be identified. Several periphyton E. coli isolates were genotypically identical (≥92% similarity), repeatedly isolated over time, and unidentified when compared to the source library, suggesting that these strains were naturalized members of periphyton communities. If the unidentified E. coli strains from periphyton were added to the known source library, then 57% to 81% of E. coli strains from overlying waters could be identified, with waterfowl (15 to 67%), periphyton (6 to 28%), and sewage effluent (8 to 28%) being the major potential sources. Inoculated E. coli rapidly colonized natural periphyton in laboratory microcosms and persisted for several weeks, and some cells were released to the overlying water. Our results indicate that E. coli from periphyton released into waterways confounds the use of this bacterium as a reliable indicator of recent fecal pollution.

Reactivation and/or growth of fecal coliform bacteria during centrifugal dewatering of anaerobically digested biosolids

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.N. Qi ◽  
S. Gillow ◽  
D.S. Herson ◽  
S.K. Dentel
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Media Type

Fecal coliform bacteria are used as indicator organisms for the presence of pathogens. In sludges, it has often been assumed that the counts of fecal coliforms after digestion (where the sludges may also be called biosolids) are representative of the counts when the sludge is disposed or recycled, such as by land application. The possibility has been raised, however, that dewatering processes can lead to increased counts of fecal coliforms and, by inference, human pathogens. This paper presents data from previous studies of this possibility; the results were inconsistent but showed observable increases in fecal coliforms at one treatment plant. Additional studies were then performed at another treatment facility, which showed statistically significant increases in fecal coliform counts after dewatering and two days of aging. The increases exceeded two orders of magnitude and included two centrifuge types and two biosolids types. Artifacts of media type and enumeration method have been excluded, and shearing of the material by commercial blender did not produce the same effects.

Yeasts and coliform bacteria of water accumulated in bromeliads of mangrove and sand dune ecosystems of southeast Brazil

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 973-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen N. Hagler ◽  
Carlos A. Rosa ◽  
Paula B. Morais ◽  
Leda C. Mendonça-Hagler ◽  
Georgia M. O. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Yeast Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeasts

Yeasts and coliform bacteria were isolated from water that accumulated in the central cups and adjacent leaf axilae of two bromeliads, Neoregelia cruenta of a coastal sand dune and Quesnelia quesneliana of a mangrove ecosystem near the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mean total coliform counts were above 10 000 per 100 mL for waters of both plants, but the mean fecal coliform counts were only 74 per 100 mL for Q. quesneliana and mostly undetected in water from N. cruenta. Of 90 fecal coliform isolates, 51 were typical of Escherichia coli in colony morphology and indol, methyl red, Volges–Proskauer, and citrate (IMViC) tests. Seven representatives of the typical E. coli cultures were identified as this species, but the identifications of nine other coliform bacteria were mostly dubious. The yeast community of N. cruenta was typical of plant surfaces with basidiomycetous yeasts anamorphs, and the black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans was prevalent. Quesnelia quesneliana had a substantial proportion of ascomycetous yeasts and their anamorphs, including a probable new biotype of Saccharomyces unisporus. Our results suggested that the microbial communities in bromeliad waters are typically autochtonous and not contaminants.Key words: yeasts, fecal coliforms, bromeliad waters, mangrove, Restinga.

scholarly journals The origin of bacterial contamination in AL-Habania reservoir in Iraq

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

Bacterial contamination of AL-Habania reservoir was studied during the period from February 2005 to January 2006; samples were collected from four stations (AL-Warrar, AL-Theban regulator, middle of the reservoir and the fourth was towards AL-Razzaza reservoir). Coliform bacteria, faecal Coliforms, Streptococci, and faecal Streptococci were used as parameters of bacterial contamination in waters through calculating the most probable number. Highest count of Coliform bacteria (1500 cell/100ml) was recorded at AL-Razaza during August, and the lowest count was less than (300 cell/100ml) in the rest of the collection stations for all months. Fecal Coliform bacteria ranged between less than 300 cells/100ml in all stations for all months to 700 cell/100ml in AL-Warrar, AL-Razaza and in the middle of the reservoir stations during August. Streptococci bacteria count ranged between less than 300 cell/100ml to 700 cell/100ml as a highest record in AL-Razaza station during August for both. The ratio between fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci (FC: FS) was detected to determined the origin of the pollution in the reservoir depending on Geldrich statistical law in this research, the ratio ranged between (1) to (2.3).

Isolation of Fecal Coliform Bacteria from the Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin centrata)

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 865-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Harwood ◽  
Joseph Butler ◽  
Danny Parrish ◽  
Victoria Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Diamondback Terrapin ◽  
Malaclemys Terrapin ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Diamondback Terrapins

ABSTRACT Total and fecal coliform bacteria were isolated from the cloaca and feces of the estuarine diamondback terrapin. The majority of samples contained fecal coliforms. Escherichia coli was the predominant fecal coliform species isolated, and members of the genusSalmonella were isolated from 2 of 39 terrapins. Fecal coliform numbers are used to regulate shellfish harvests, and diamondback terrapins inhabit the brackish-water habitats where oyster beds are found; therefore, these findings have implications for the efficacy of current regulatory parameters in shellfishing waters.

Salmonella and the Sanitary Quality of Aquacultured Shrimp

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2527-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRETT KOONSE ◽  
WILLIAM BURKHARDT ◽  
STUART CHIRTEL ◽  
GEORGE P. HOSKIN
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Fecal Bacteria ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Unit Increase

In this study, we examined the prevalence of Salmonella and coliform bacteria on shrimp aquaculture farms to develop guidelines or preventative measures for reducing Salmonella and fecal contamination on products harvested from these farms. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in conjunction with foreign government regulatory agencies, the aquaculture industry, and academia affiliates, analyzed 1,234 samples from 103 shrimp aquaculture farms representing six countries between July 2001 and June 2003 for fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. A significant relationship was found (P = 0.0342) between the log number of fecal bacteria and the probability that any given sample would contain Salmonella. The likelihood of any given sample containing Salmonella was increased by 1.2 times with each 10-fold increase in either fecal coliform or E. coli concentration. The statistical relationship between Salmonella concentration and that of both fecal coliforms and E. coli was highest in grow-out pond water (P = 0.0042 for fecal coliforms and P = 0.0021 for E. coli). The likelihood of finding Salmonella in grow-out pond water increased 2.7 times with each log unit increase in fecal coliform concentration and 3.0 times with each log unit increase in E. coli concentration. Salmonella is not part of the natural flora of the shrimp culture environment nor is it inherently present in shrimp grow-out ponds. The occurrence of Salmonella bacteria in shrimp from aquaculture operations is related to the concentration of fecal bacteria in the source and grow-out pond water.

Comparison of Two Rapid Test Procedures with the Standard EC Test for Recovery of Fecal Coliform Bacteria from Shellfish-Growing Waters

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A Hunt ◽  
Janet Springer
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
And Control

Abstract A study was conducted to compare recovery and enumeration capability of two 24-hr multitube fermentation tests with the standard EC test for fecal coliform levels in shellfish-growing waters. The 2 tests were the A-1 test developed by Andrews and Presnell, specifying 24-hr incubation in A-1 medium at 44.5CC; and a modification of the A-1 test requiring a 3-hr resuscitation at 35°C before incubation at 44.5°C for 21 hr. Fifteen State, Federal, and Provincial laboratories examined 10 routine shellfish-growing area samples per month in parallel by the 3 methods for 1 year. IMViC tests (indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, and citrate) were conducted on all gas-positive tubes. The modified A-1 test recovered higher levels of fecal coliforms than the A-1 test. Although there were seasonal and geographic variations in recovery and enumeration by the modified A-1 test, overall there was good correlation of the modified A-1 test with the EC test. Both the A-1 and modified A-1 tests were more specific for Escherichia coli than the EC test. Results of the study indicate that the 24-hr modified A-1 test can be used as an alternative test for the standard 72-hr EC test as an adjunct to the sanitary survey for the classification and control of shellfish-growing area waters.

scholarly journals Fethiye Bölgesinde Açıkta Satılan Tüketime Hazır Bazı Gıdalarda Koliform Bakteri Sayısının Belirlenmesi

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2552-2559
Author(s):  
Mehtap Çiftçi ◽  
Nilgün Öncül
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens

Since coliform bacteria are common both in the intestine and in nature (soil, plant, etc.), they are considered as a sanitation indicator in the food industry. It is known that the majority of bacteria defined as fecal coliform in the coliform group are Escherichia coli. The presence of E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria in any sample is an indication that the necessary hygienic measures are not taken during production, storage, and sale. That means the sample is directly or indirectly contaminated with faeces, and/or other intestinal pathogens may also exist. In this study, raw milk, freshly squeezed fruit juices, unpackaged ice cream, shaved ice, and ice-cold samples were purchased from the famous touristic destination Fethiye and analyzed for coliform bacteria. For this purpose, the samples were purchased from local marketplaces, buffets, cafes, patisseries, restaurants, and roadsides at Fethiye. In total 60 samples were analyzed using Violet Red Bile (VRB) Agar. The results of coliform bacteria ranged

Automatic Incubator for Use with Modified A-l Test for Enumerating Fecal Coliform Bacteria in Shellfish Growing Waters

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-773
Author(s):  
David W Cook
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Incubation Method

Abstract An automatic water bath incubator which can be constructed from easily obtainable materials is described. This incubator provides temperatures necessary for both the 35 ± 0.5°C resuscitation period and the 44.5 ± 0.2°C final incubation period as required in the AOAC method for enumerating fecal coliforms by the modified A-l test. Statistical analysis of experimental data indicated no significant differences (P> 0.50) in fecal coliform counts obtained by using the automatic incubator and the AOAC incubation method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Activated Sludge Process in the Elimination Both ATB-Resistant and ATB-Susceptible E. coli Strains

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5868
Author(s):  
Iwona Beata Paśmionka ◽  
Karol Bulski ◽  
Piotr Herbut ◽  
Elżbieta Boligłowa ◽  
Frederico Márcio C. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Water reuse is now becoming a global necessity. However, one of the drawbacks in releasing wastewater into the environment is some persistent pollutants that are not completely removed in wastewater treatment plant. Residual bacteria and antibiotics in the inflowing wastewater can contribute to the antibiotic resistance spread in the aquatic environment. This study determined the effectiveness of activated sludge process for fecal coliform bacteria elimination, and also the Escherichia coli resistance to antimicrobial agents as erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, and metronidazole in treated wastewater. The research was carried out using the membrane filtration technique, and the susceptibility of isolates to antimicrobial agents was tested by the disc diffusion method. The concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli differed significantly depending on the seasonal period in which it was carried out. Despite up to 99% reduction in the number of sanitary indicators in biologically treated wastewater, 89% of E. coli isolates resistant to the tested antibiotics was found, while 100% of the isolates were susceptible to metronidazole. Most of the isolates showed resistance to trimethoprim, and the fewest isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, indicating that some strains may react differently to antibiotics.

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