Integrated natural systems for treating potato processing wastewater

Potato processing wastewater contains high concentrations of COD, TSS and TKN. A combination of surface flow wetlands, intermittent vertical flow wetlands, ponds and land application has been used for treatment. This engineered natural system balances irrigation requirements, nitrogen supply and seasonal growth patterns to provide effective year-round operation. A first pilot wetland was operated to determine operability, effectiveness, and plant survival at high COD and nitrogen concentrations. A second pilot system of four wetlands in series was operated to obtain design and operating information. Two surface flow wetlands provided TSS and COD reduction, and ammonified the organic nitrogen. Subsequently, nitrification occurred in the vertical flow wetlands, followed by denitrification in a surface flow wetland. The design target was a balanced nitrogen and irrigation supply for application to crops. Winter storage was used to match the crop application period to the growing season. Both pilot projects met design objectives, and a full-scale system has begun operation.

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Deterministic and stochastic aspects of constructed wetland performance and design

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0185 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 149-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Robert H. Kadlec

Keyword(s):

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Land Application ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Vertical Flow ◽

Potato Processing ◽

Pilot Projects ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

In Series ◽

High Concentrations

Potato processing wastewater contains high concentrations of COD, TSS and TKN. A combination of surface flow wetlands, intermittent vertical flow wetlands, ponds and land application has been used for treatment. This engineered natural system balances irrigation requirements, nitrogen supply and seasonal growth patterns to provide effective year-round operation. A first pilot wetland was operated to determine operability, effectiveness, and plant survival at high COD and nitrogen concentrations. A second pilot system of four wetlands in series was operated to obtain design and operating information. Two surface flow wetlands provided TSS and COD reduction, and ammonified the organic nitrogen. Subsequently, nitrification occurred in the vertical flow wetlands, followed by denitrification in a surface flow wetland. The design target was a balanced nitrogen and irrigation supply for application to crops. Winter storage as used to match the crop application period to the growing season. Both pilot projects met design objectives, and a full scale system has begun operation.

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Treatment of Potato Processing Wastewater with Engineered Natural Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0164 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 211-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Peter S. Burgoon ◽

Robert H. Kadlec ◽

Mike Henderson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Water Surface ◽

Free Water ◽

High Strength ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Natural System ◽

Vertical Flow ◽

Potato Processing ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Free Water Surface

A full-scale integrated natural system has been used to treat high strength potato processing water for 2 years. The integrated natural system consists of free water surface and vertical flow wetlands, and a facultative storage lagoon. Influent wastewater averages 2800 mg/L COD, 150 mg/L TN and 350 mg/L TSS. Approximately 5300 m3/d of wastewater flows through the treatment system annually. The treatment objective is a 53% reduction in total nitrogen. The wastewater application permit requires an annual nitrogen load of 500 kg/ha yr on 213 hectares of land used to grow alfalfa and other fodder crops. Free water surface wetlands are used for sedimentation, mineralization of organic matter, and denitrification. Vertical flow wetlands oxidize organic matter and nitrogen. A lagoon provides storage during the winter when irrigation is not possible and functions as a facultative lagoon. Free water surface wetlands were planted with Typha latifolia and Scirpus validus in fall 1995. Wastewater application began in July of 1996. In the summer months COD removal has been greater than 95% through the free water surface wetlands and vertical flow wetlands. The removal rate decreased to about 75% in the winter. Average summer water temperatures are 18°C; average winter water temperatures are 3°C. Ammonia removal through the vertical flow wetlands averages 85% during the summer and 30-50% removal during the winter. Addition of exogenous carbon to the free water surface wetlands resulted in 95% removal of NO3-N. Use of natural systems have proved to be a cost effective treatment alternative for high strength industrial wastewater.

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Increasing the fertilizer value of palm oil mill sludge: bioaugmentation in nitrification

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0608 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (10) ◽

pp. 157-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C.O. Onyla ◽

A.M. Uyub ◽

J.C. Akunna ◽

N.A. Norulaini ◽

A.K.M. Omar

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Fertilizer Value ◽

Pond System ◽

In Series ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

High Concentrations

Malaysia is essentially an agricultural country and her major polluting effluents have been from agro-based industries of which palm oil and rubber industries together contribute about 80% of the industrial pollution. Palm oil sludge, commonly referred to, as palm oil mill effluent (POME) is brown slurry composed of 4-5% solids, mainly organic, 0.5-1% residual oil, and about 95% water. The effluent also contains high concentrations of organic nitrogen. The technique for the treatment of POME is basically biological, consisting of pond systems, where the organic nitrogen is converted to ammonia, which is subsequently transformed to nitrate, in a process called nitrification. A 15-month monitoring program of a pond system (combined anaerobic, facultative, and aerobic ponds in series) confirmed studies by other authors and POME operators that nitrification in a pond system demands relatively long hydraulic retention time (HRT), which is not easily achieved, due to high production capacity of most factories. Bioaugmentation of POME with mixed culture of nitrifiers (ammonia and nitrite oxidizers) has been identified as an effective tool not only for enhancing nitrification of POME but also for improving quality of POME as source of liquid nitrogen fertilizer for use in the agricultural sector, especially in oil palm plantations. Nitrate is readily absorbable by most plants, although some plants are able to absorb nitrogen in the form of ammoniun. In this study, up to 60% reduction in HRT (or up to 20% reduction in potential land requirement) was achieved when bioaugmentation of POME was carried out with the aim of achieving full nitrification.

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Treatment performances of French constructed wetlands: results from a database collected over the last 30 years

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.089 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

pp. 1333-1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

A. Morvannou ◽

N. Forquet ◽

S. Michel ◽

S. Troesch ◽

P. Molle

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Vertical Flow ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽

Small Communities ◽

Technical Department ◽

In Series ◽

High Chemical Oxygen Demand

Approximately 3,500 constructed wetlands (CWs) provide raw wastewater treatment in France for small communities (<5,000 people equivalent). Built during the past 30 years, most consist of two vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) in series (stages). Many configurations exist, with systems associated with horizontal flow filters or waste stabilization ponds, vertical flow with recirculation, partially saturated systems, etc. A database analyzed 10 years earlier on the classical French system summarized the global performances data. This paper provides a similar analysis of performance data from 415 full-scale two-stage VFCWs from an improved database expanded by monitoring data available from Irstea and the French technical department. Trends presented in the first study are confirmed, exhibiting high chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal rates (87%, 93% and 84%, respectively). Typical concentrations at the second-stage outlet are 74 mgCOD L−1, 17 mgTSS L−1 and 11 mgTKN L−1. Pollutant removal performances are summarized in relation to the loads applied at the first treatment stage. While COD and TSS removal rates remain stable over the range of applied loads, the spreading of TKN removal rates increases as applied loads increase.

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Characterization of simultaneous uptake of xylose and glucose in Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis for optimal hydrogen production

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-021-01938-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thitiwut Vongkampang ◽

Krishnan Sreenivas ◽

Jonathan Engvall ◽

Carl Grey ◽

Ed W. J. van Niel

Keyword(s):

Glucose Uptake ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Sugar Uptake ◽

Uptake System ◽

Sugar Mixtures ◽

Xylose Uptake ◽

Growth Profiles ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Xylose Transporter

Abstract Background Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis has gained interest for its ability to grow on various lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth profiles of C. kronotskyensis in the presence of mixtures of glucose–xylose. Recently, we characterized a diauxic-like pattern for C. saccharolyticus on lignocellulosic sugar mixtures. In this study, we aimed to investigate further whether C. kronotskyensis has adapted to uptake glucose in the disaccharide form (cellobiose) rather than the monosaccharide (glucose). Results Interestingly, growth of C. kronotskyensis on glucose and xylose mixtures did not display diauxic-like growth patterns. Closer investigation revealed that, in contrast to C. saccharolyticus, C. kronotskyensis does not possess a second uptake system for glucose. Both C. saccharolyticus and C. kronotskyensis share the characteristics of preferring xylose over glucose. Growth on xylose was twice as fast (μmax = 0.57 h−1) as on glucose (μmax = 0.28 h−1). A study of the sugar uptake was made with different glucose–xylose ratios to find a kinetic relationship between the two sugars for transport into the cell. High concentrations of glucose inhibited xylose uptake and vice versa. The inhibition constants were estimated to be KI,glu = 0.01 cmol L−1 and KI,xyl = 0.001 cmol L−1, hence glucose uptake was more severely inhibited by xylose uptake. Bioinformatics analysis could not exclude that C. kronotskyensis possesses more than one transporter for glucose. As a next step it was investigated whether glucose uptake by C. kronotskyensis improved in the form of cellobiose. Indeed, cellobiose is taken up faster than glucose; nevertheless, the growth rate on each sugar remained similar. Conclusions C. kronotskyensis possesses a xylose transporter that might take up glucose at an inferior rate even in the absence of xylose. Alternatively, glucose can be taken up in the form of cellobiose, but growth performance is still inferior to growth on xylose. Therefore, we propose that the catabolism of C. kronotskyensis has adapted more strongly to pentose rather than hexose, thereby having obtained a specific survival edge in thermophilic lignocellulosic degradation communities.

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Evaluating the mechanisms of the impacts of key factors on soil soluble organic nitrogen concentrations in subtropical mountain ecosystems

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.097 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 651 ◽

pp. 2187-2196 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shihe Xing ◽

Biqing Zhou ◽

Liming Zhang ◽

Yanling Mao ◽

Fan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Key Factors ◽

Mountain Ecosystems ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Soluble Organic Nitrogen

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Enzyme Method-Based Microfluidic Chip for the Rapid Detection of Copper Ions

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12111380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1380

Author(s):

Binfeng Yin ◽

Xinhua Wan ◽

Changcheng Qian ◽

A. S. M. Muhtasim Fuad Sohan ◽

Teng Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Microfluidic Chip ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Enzyme Method ◽

In Series ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Biochemical Detection ◽

Seawater Samples

Metal ions in high concentrations can pollute the marine environment. Human activities and industrial pollution are the causes of Cu2+ contamination. Here, we report our discovery of an enzyme method-based microfluidic that can be used to rapidly detect Cu2+ in seawater. In this method, Cu2+ is reduced to Cu+ to inhibit horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity, which then results in the color distortion of the reaction solution. The chip provides both naked eye and spectrophotometer modalities. Cu2+ concentrations have an ideal linear relationship, with absorbance values ranging from 3.91 nM to 256 μM. The proposed enzyme method-based microfluidic chip detects Cu2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.87 nM. Other common metal ions do not affect the operation of the chip. The successful detection of Cu2+ was achieved using three real seawater samples, verifying the ability of the chip in practical applications. Furthermore, the chip realizes the functions of two AND gates in series and has potential practical implementations in biochemical detection and biological computing.

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Recycling and Conversion of Yeasts into Organic Nitrogen Sources for Wine Fermentation: Effects on Molecular and Sensory Attributes

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7040313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 313

Author(s):

Paula Rojas ◽

Daniel Lopez ◽

Francisco Ibañez ◽

Camila Urbina ◽

Wendy Franco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Principal Component ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Isoamyl Alcohol ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Higher Alcohols ◽

Fermentation Performance ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Significant Positive Influence

Organic nitrogen plays a significant role in the fermentation performance and production of esters and higher alcohols. This study assessed the use of yeast protein hydrolysate (YPH) as a nitrogen source for grape must fermentation. In this study, we prepared an enzymatic protein hydrolysate using yeasts recovered from a previous fermentation of wine. Three treatments were performed. DAP supplementation was used as a control, while two YPH treatments were used. Low (LDH) and high degrees of hydrolysis (HDH), 3.5% and 10%, respectively, were chosen. Gas chromatography and principal component analysis indicated a significant positive influence of YPH-supplementations on the production of esters and higher alcohols. Significantly high concentrations of 3-methyl-1-penthanol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol, and 2-phenylethanol were observed. Significant odorant activity was obtained for 3-methyl-1-pentanol and ethyl-2-hexenoate. The use of YPH as nitrogen supplementation is justified as a recycling yeasts technique by the increase in volatile compounds.

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Mycelial biomass cultivation of Lentinus crinitus

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n6a2020-51183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Itaruã Machri Colla ◽

Olavo Bilac Quaresma de Oliveira Filho ◽

Janyeli Dorini Silva de Freitas ◽

Míria Benetati Delgado Bertéli ◽

Giani Andrea Linde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Biomass Growth ◽

Mycelial Biomass ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Temperature Growth ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

High Concentrations

Lentinus crinitus is a medicinal basidiomycete, little studied regarding the basic cultivation conditions, which is used in bioremediation and consumed by native Indians from the Brazilian Amazon. Also, it produces a fungal secondary metabolite panepoxydone that has been described as an essential regulator of the inflammatory and immune response. This study aimed to evaluate basic conditions of temperature, pH, and nitrogen concentration and source in the cultivation of L. crinitus mycelial biomass. In order to evaluate fungal growth temperature, 2% malt extract agar (MEA) medium, pH 5.5, was utilized from 19 to 40 °C. For pH, MEA had pH adjusted from 2 to 11 and cultivated at 28 °C. Urea or soybean meal was added to MEA to obtain final concentration from 0.5 and 16 g/L of nitrogen, pH of 5.5, cultivated at 28 °C. The best temperature growth varies from 31 to 34 ºC and the optimal one is 32.7º C, and the best pH ranges from 4.5 to 6.5 and the optimal one is 6.1. Protein or non-protein nitrogen concentration is inversely proportional to the mycelial biomass growth. Nitrogen concentrations of 2.0 g/L soybean meal and urea inhibit mycelial biomass growth in 11% and 12%, respectively, but high concentrations of 16.0 g/L nitrogen inhibit the growth in 46% and 95%, respectively. The fungus is robust and grows under extreme conditions of temperature and pH, but smaller adaptation with increasing nitrogen concentrations in the cultivation medium, mainly non-protein nitrogen.

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