The influence of environmental pollution on the SOD and GST-isoenzyme patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lenártová ◽  
K. Holovská ◽  
P. Javorský
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Sod Isoforms ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns

The present study investigates the change of the specific isoenzyme pattern of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the livers of sheep and fish after their exposure to metal pollutants (predominantly Cu, Hg, and Fe) in industrial areas. Moreover, the influence of mercury on the activities of antioxidant enzymes of rumen bacteria Streptococcus bovis and Selenomonas ruminantium have been studied. In the liver of sheep, the new SOD isoforms (pI 5.7, 5.3 and 5.1) were seen in polluted animals as well as in the liver of fish (pI 5.2, 5.1 and 4.45). With regard to GST isoenzymes, in the liver of sheep, subunit 1 was induced in polluted sheep, and subunit 3 was induced in both polluted sheep and fish liver. Subunit 7 was inactivated in sheep and fish liver. The SOD activity of S. bovis which was considered as Mn-SOD, increased when incubated with HgCl2 in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. S. ruminantium showed no SOD activity. The differences in antioxidant activity between polluted and reference animals led us to propose that the induction of some isoenzymes of SOD and GSTs could provide useful biomarkers for monitoring environmental pollution.

scholarly journals De Novo Synthesis of Amino Acids by the Ruminal Bacteria Prevotella bryantii B14,Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, and Streptococcus bovis ES1

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2836-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Atasoglu ◽  
Carmen Valdés ◽  
Nicola D. Walker ◽  
C. James Newbold ◽  
R. John Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Total N ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Prevotella Bryantii

ABSTRACT The influence of peptides and amino acids on ammonia assimilation and de novo synthesis of amino acids by three predominant noncellulolytic species of ruminal bacteria, Prevotella bryantii B14, Selenomonas ruminantiumHD4, and Streptococcus bovis ES1, was determined by growing these bacteria in media containing 15NH4Cl and various additions of pancreatic hydrolysates of casein (peptides) or amino acids. The proportion of cell N and amino acids formed de novo decreased as the concentration of peptides increased. At high concentrations of peptides (10 and 30 g/liter), the incorporation of ammonia accounted for less than 0.16 of bacterial amino acid N and less than 0.30 of total N. At 1 g/liter, which is more similar to peptide concentrations found in the rumen, 0.68, 0.87, and 0.46 of bacterial amino acid N and 0.83, 0.89, and 0.64 of total N were derived from ammonia by P. bryantii, S. ruminantium, andS. bovis, respectively. Concentration-dependent responses were also obtained with amino acids. No individual amino acid was exhausted in any incubation medium. For cultures of P. bryantii, peptides were incorporated and stimulated growth more effectively than amino acids, while cultures of the other species showed no preference for peptides or amino acids. Apparent growth yields increased by between 8 and 57%, depending on the species, when 1 g of peptides or amino acids per liter was added to the medium. Proline synthesis was greatly decreased when peptides or amino acids were added to the medium, while glutamate and aspartate were enriched to a greater extent than other amino acids under all conditions. Thus, the proportion of bacterial protein formed de novo in noncellulolytic ruminal bacteria varies according to species and the form and identity of the amino acid and in a concentration-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Nickel toxicity induced antioxidant enzyme and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. cotyledons

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yan ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
W. Yang ◽  
M. Cao ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Nickel Toxicity ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
High Nickel ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns ◽  
Negative Link

<I>Jatropha curcas</I> L. embryos were germinated and grown in vitro under nickel concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 &mu;mol to observe the effects of high nickel concentrations on seedling growth. Observed biological makers included biomass, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the cotyledons. The fresh weight of cotyledons in all the tested nickel concentrations was lower than that of the control, but dry weight of cotyledons increased with increasing nickel concentrations up to 200 &mu;mol. SOD activity increased significantly up to 400 &mu;mol and then decreased at 800 &mu;mol nickel. POD activities were induced remarkably at 100 and 200 &mu;mol, but the activity decreased with increasing nickel concentrations. Similarly, a negative link between CAT activity and nickel concentrations was observed in this experiment. PAL activity had a positive correlation to nickel concentrations, and the highest activity was found at 400 &mu;mol nickel. Electrophoresis analysis suggested that a significant correlation between nickel concentrations and isoenzyme patterns of SOD and POD was observed, and these results were consistent with the changes of the activity assayed in solutions.

scholarly journals Profiling of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in compartments of the developing bovine antral follicles

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M H Combelles ◽  
Emily A Holick ◽  
Louis J Paolella ◽  
David C Walker ◽  
Qiaqia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Sod Isoforms

The antral follicle constitutes a complex and regulated ovarian microenvironment that influences oocyte quality. Oxidative stress is a cellular state that may play a role during folliculogenesis and oogenesis, although direct supporting evidence is currently lacking. We thus evaluated the expression of the three isoforms (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3) of the enzymatic antioxidant superoxide dismutase in all the cellular (granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and oocytes) and extracellular (follicular fluid) compartments of the follicle. Comparisons were made in bovine ovaries across progressive stages of antral follicular development. Follicular fluid possessed increased amounts of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 in small antral follicles when compared with large antral follicles; concomitantly, total SOD activity was highest in follicular fluids from smaller diameter follicles. SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 proteins were expressed in granulosa cells without any fluctuations in follicle sizes. All three SOD isoforms were present, but were distributed differently in oocytes from small, medium, or large antral follicles. Cumulus cells expressed high levels of SOD3, some SOD2, but no detectable SOD1. Our studies provide a temporal and spatial expression profile of the three SOD isoforms in the different compartments of the developing bovine antral follicles. These results lay the ground for future investigations into the potential regulation and roles of antioxidants during folliculogenesis and oogenesis.

The effects of fatty acids on pure cultures of rumen bacteria

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

SummaryThe effects of fatty acids, at low concentrations (0–005-O5 g/1), on the growth of seven species of rumen bacteria were examined.Anaerovibrio lipolytica(strain 5 S),Peptostreptococcus elsdenii(type 2),Bacteroides ruminicola46/52 andSelenomonas ruminantium(strain 17) were unaffected by addition of oleic acid to the medium. Growth ofButyrivibrioB 835 was stimulated by low concentrations of oleic (< 0–01 g/1), lauric (< 0–1 g/1) or capric (< 0–1 g/1) acids while higher concentrations of these acids were inhibitory. Myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were inhibitory at all concentrations tested.Ruminococcus4263/1 was inhibited at all concentrations of the six acids. Production of methane by pure cultures ofMethanobacterium ruminantiumwas also inhibited by the additions of long-chain fatty acids. Oleic acid was the most inhibitory of the series of acids. These results are consistent with the reported effects of lipids on rumen function.

Response of Marine Fish Liver on Environmental Pollution

2017 ◽  
pp. 383-402
Author(s):  
Irina I. Rudneva ◽  
Maria P. Rudyk ◽  
Victoria V. Shepelevich ◽  
Larisa M. Skivka ◽  
Natalia N. Roslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Liver
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