Summary and Conclusions 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Civilized Society

Water security for a world under rapid change Since water represents a profound need of both organisms and society, a crucial question is how that need can be satisfied in a secure manner. There is something fundamentally wrong when we still, in what we call a modern and civilized society, are willing to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on building a space station, and exploring other planets in the search for water, while millions of people die each year due to preventable water-related diseases due to polluted water supply. At the millennium shift, the water management profession and society at large are facing a challenge, the magnitude and complexity of which no earlier generation has had to face. A key issue is to strive towards water security for everyone and to identify the innovative approaches needed to achieve this. Long-term challenges in water management are not so much linked to classical scientific and technical aspects as to institutional innovations. As the world is changing rapidly, so do water professionals, who have to keep up with such changes. Education and competence development is more important than ever.

scholarly journals Local Experts as the Champions of Water Security in the Nepalese town of Dhulikhel

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Hemant Ojha ◽  
Eszter K Kovacs ◽  
Kamal Devkota ◽  
Kaustuv Raj Neupane ◽  
Ngamindra Dahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Supply Management ◽  
Hybrid Knowledge ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
Local Expert ◽  
Local Water

This commentary paper examines our local expert engagement methodology that we developed to understand water supply issues as well as to inform the direction of our action research conducted in Dhulikhel, a small town in Nepal. Through three years of field-based research at Dhulikhel, our inquiry uncovered a range of data ‘gaps’ and emergent as well as long-term conflicts around increasingly scarce water resources. To respond to this gap and contribute to inclusive water management, we developed and used a local expert engagement method, through which we were able to pool and mobilise a rich repertoire of hybrid knowledge from a range of local experts in Dhulikhel and others from nearby towns. The method of expert engagement was simultaneously linked to deliberations among local water stakeholders concerned with water supply management. Based on the lessons from this work, we argue that rich local expertise exists in water management and policy in Nepal, one that transcends the dichotomy between indigenous and scientific knowledge. We also show that as formal scientific knowledge becomes hybridised in different ways, this creates an important and actionable opportunity for advancing local science-policy processes to support water security agendas across the country.

Applied Perspectives on Pre-Columbian Maya Water Management Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 505-523
Author(s):  
Christian Isendahl ◽  
Vernon L. Scarborough ◽  
Joel D. Gunn ◽  
Nicholas P. Dunning ◽  
Scott L. Fedick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Water Abundance ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Technological Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Water

Water security is a fundamental global challenge for humanity. Suggesting that scholars, water management engineers, and policy-makers draw from a wide range of examples, this chapter argues that knowledge gained from archaeological research provides unique insights into the long-term function and efficacy of water management systems. This chapter presents six cases of water management systems in the pre-Columbian Maya lowlands, from the Yalahau, Puuc-Nohkakab, Petén Karst Plateau, and Belize River Valley subregions, that demonstrate significant variation; a product of the interplay between social, political, and economic factors and hydrological regimes. The analysis suggests four insights relevant for current water security concerns: (1) water management systems are characterized by a diversity of solutions, (2) water scarcity promotes increased management investments that result in long-term vulnerability, (3) water abundance does not require complex management systems but increases the risk for mismanagement, and (4) institutional and technological diversity provide flexibility and greater security.

Glacier melt poses multiple threats around the world

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Security ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The World ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Mountain Development

Subject Melting glaciers. Significance The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, in Nepal, released a report in February highlighting the long-term impact of increasing glacial melt in the Himalayas and the risks that climate change will pose to fragile mountain ecosystems and societies. Similar issues affecting glaciers in the Andes have also raised concerns about water security. Venezuela’s last glacier, Pico Humboldt, is no longer a significant source of water and is expected to disappear completely by 2021. Longer-term warnings have been issued regarding Ecuador’s Carihuairazo glacier. Impacts Impacts of reduced glacial melt will be greatest on areas closest to glaciers, but distant areas downstream will also be affected. Effective adaptation responses will rely on increased coordination among governance institutions, including across national boundaries. Increased water stress in agricultural areas will risk food insecurity and exacerbate migration pressures internally and internationally. Demographic changes and development efforts suggest that water demand will increase, putting further pressure on supplies.

scholarly journals Economic Security Management of Insurance Services Market of Ukraine: The Theoretical Aspects and Practical Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
R. V. Kobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article is aimed at defining the theoretical aspects of managing the economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, searching for ways to develop special practical recommendations to solve the outlined problem. In the context of transformational changes and globalization metamorphoses, the issue of ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market in Ukraine is one of the priorities. The article discusses the risk factors influencing the provision of a high level of economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, analyzes the mechanisms for managing the economic security of the insurance services market. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of models of the State regulation of economic security of the insurance services market of the countries of the world, which helps to form the main emphasis on the state of development of the insurance services market of Ukraine. The practice of developed countries of the world indicates the inadmissibility of such a mechanism for ensuring economic balance as insurance premiums, and the need to focus on the formation of insurance reserves. Based on the practice of the developed countries of the world, it is advisable to summarize the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the insurance services market as a single system, monitoring of which will ensure systematic economic development, quick managerial decisions in transformational conditions and attraction of investment funds for long-term strategic planning. In addition, the article draws a parallel between ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market and the development of the Ukrainian economy in the context of a rapid change in external influence factors, involving priority mechanisms for ensuring the long-term investment development of the country. The main directions of improvement of the State regulation of economic security of insurance services market are proposed.

Exploring nature-based adaptation options for improved water security in the deglaciating Andes of Peru

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Drenkhan ◽  
Boris F. Ochoa-Tocachi ◽  
Pedro Rau ◽  
Walescka Cachay ◽  
Nilton Montoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Natural Grasslands

<p>In the tropical Andes, mountain communities and coastal livelihoods downstream strongly depend on glaciers and Andean ecosystems for their water security. Year-round streamflow from glaciers, high-altitude peat bogs and hydraulic infrastructure buffer water scarcity and discharge variability in many areas. Nonetheless, climatic and non-climatic stressors are altering the hydrological regime and exacerbating human vulnerabilities. In the Vilcanota-Urubamba basin (VUB) in Southern Peru, the overall glacier area has substantially decreased by 37% between 1988 and 2016. At the same time, water demand from growing population, irrigated agriculture and hydropower is considerably increasing. This development bears threats to local water security and several challenges to long-term water management and governance in a context of data scarcity and social conflicts arising from socioenvironmental grievances, and highlights the need for interdisciplinary and interlinked water resource research and management.</p><p>In this context, the two projects <em>Water security and climate change adaptation in Peruvian glacier-fed river basins</em> (RAHU) and <em>Natural Infrastructure for Water Security</em> (NIWS) are collaborating at developing adaptation strategies to increase long-term water security in deglaciating basins in Peru. In the face of global environmental change, natural infrastructure – including forests, wetlands, and nature-based solutions – has been promoted as a buffer to attenuate the loss of hydrological ecosystem services caused by accelerated glacier shrinkage. Furthermore, natural infrastructure can provide a complement to man-made ‘grey’ infrastructure enhancing its performance, lifespan, and adaptability and provide multiple defense lines against natural disasters and other climate risks.</p><p>Here, we implemented hydrological data collection using participatory monitoring approaches and integrated ancestral and contemporary nature-based solutions. Conservation of natural grasslands can avoid streamflow variability and flashiness caused by common land-use activities such as cultivation and grazing. Flow duration curves show that median flows in cultivated catchments are approximately half those of natural catchments, whereas low flows are up to five times lower but high flows remain virtually the same. Despite being highly promoted, afforestation interventions reduce water yield significantly. High and mean daily flows in afforested catchments are approximately four times lower than in natural grasslands, whilst low flows are between seven to ten times lower. Most catchment management practices, however, are more complex, and involve a combination of interventions. An example of this are pre-Inca infiltration enhancement systems, which divert water from headwater streams onto mountain slopes to increase the yield and longevity of downslope natural springs. Tracer experiments in another study site reveal that water residence times range between 2 weeks and 8 months, with a mean of 45 days, which might be able to increase dry season flow downstream by up to 33%.</p><p>Currently, a first Water Management Plan is being implemented in the VUB and part of its headwaters have just been declared a Regional Conservation Area. This progress in local policy and headwater conservation offers new opportunities for the project consortium to provide scientific evidence to stakeholders. Our first findings have particular implications for the implementation of robust adaptation measures for future water management planning embedded into local-national policies in close collaboration with science and society.</p>

Decision-Making in a Water Crisis: Lessons From the Cape Town Drought for Urban Water Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Brühl ◽  
Leonard le Roux ◽  
Martine Visser ◽  
Gunnar Köhlin
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Information Transparency ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Urban Water Policy

The water crisis that gripped Cape Town over the 2016–2018 period gained global attention. For a brief period of time in early 2018, it looked as if the legislative capital of South Africa would become the first major city in the world to run out of water. The case of Cape Town has broad implications for how we think about water management in a rapidly urbanizing world. Cities in the global South, especially, where often under-capacitated urban utilities need to cope with rapid demographic changes, climate change, and numerous competing demands on their tight budgets, can learn from Cape Town’s experience. The case of Cape Town draws attention to the types of decisions policymakers and water utilities face in times of crisis. It illustrates how these decisions, while being unavoidable in the short term, are often sub-optimal in the long run. The Cape Town drought highlights the importance of infrastructure diversification, better groundwater management, and communication and information transparency to build trust with the public. It also shows what governance and institutional changes need to be made to ensure long-term water security and efficient water management. The implementation of all of these policies needs to address the increased variability of water supplies due to increasingly erratic rainfall and rapidly growing urban populations in many countries. This necessitates a long-term planning horizon.

scholarly journals We Have Plenty of Water, Don’t We? Social Norms, Practices, and Contentions in a Drought-Ridden Country

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Angela T. Ragusa
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Australian Water ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Interdependent System

Climate and land use change pose global challenges to water policy and management. This article furthers calls for integrated research conceptualizing water management as a holistic, interdependent system that may benefit from sociological research. To better understand how socioenvironmental change affects lifestyle expectations and experiences, interviews with in-migrants (relocated to inland Australia from metropolitan cities), industry and government informants are thematically analyzed. Results show in-migrants engage in adaptive water management and conservation strategies to enhance water security, yet call for council provision of water management education to minimize vulnerability. Industry informants perceive few water supply or pollution issues, favoring technological solutions to support unfettered growth and water amenities, while de-prioritizing environmental sustainability goals. Government priorities reflect drought narratives in Australian water policy reform and show concern about meeting consumer water supply and preserving water quality. With predictions of greater weather severity, including flooding, and in-migrants’ difficulty managing heavy rainfall, national legislation and policy modifications are necessary. Specifically, normalizing climate variability in policy and social identities is desirable. Finally, practices prioritizing water scarcity and trading management over environmental protection indicate a need to surpass environmental commodification by depoliticizing water management.

Development of Network Pressure-Superposed Secondary Water Purification

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 606-611
Author(s):  
Feng Xun Tan ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Dao Ji Wu ◽  
Xiao Xiang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Current Water

Secondary water supply equipment was designed based on the current water supply source and municipal pipe network. The combination between Water purification and pressure-superposed water supply could guarantee the drinking water security, fully exploit the municipal pipe network pressure, and effectively save the energy. Catalytic oxidation of ozone, complex adsorption, and microbial degradation collaborated to treat the micro-polluted water. Activated alumina was employed for the high fluoride water purification with HCl/NaOH deep regeneration. For the brackish water, membrane treatment was adopted. A collaborative technology of ozone oxidation, contact oxidation, and biological oxidation was used for the iron/manganese-rich water. The results showed that all the effluents could meet the requirement of "Sanitary standard for drinking water" (GB5749-2006) and "Water quality standards for fine drinking water" (CJ94-2005).

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

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