Performance of constructed wetland systems treating anerobic effluents

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. de Sousa ◽  
A. van Haandel ◽  
E.P.C. Lima ◽  
A.V.A. Guimaraes
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
Hydraulic Load

The purpose of this present paper is to verify the performance of three wetland systems operated with effluents from a UASB reactor, with respect nutrient removal (nitrogen and phosphorus), pathogenic organisms and remaining carbonaceous material, monitored over a three-year period. The experiment was carried out and monitored at PROSAB (Programa de Saneamento Básico) in Campina Grande, Para'ba. The removal efficiency of the carbonaceous material expressed in DQO ranged from 70 to 86%, but concerning the total suspended solids, the efficiency ranged from 50 to 71%. The removal efficiency in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus of both vegetated systems was about 65.5 to 86%, respectively, during the first year of operation. Under the operational conditions of the experiment, the removal of phosphorus in a wetland system containing washed sand as the substratum decreased, as its operation period increased. The vegetated wetland has been the most efficient in removing faecal coliforms (roughly 4 log units) as compared to the non-vegetated one (about 3 log units), when both were operated with the same hydraulic load (2.3 cm. per day). Thus, the effluent produced over the three-year period ranged from 800 to 1,800 UFC/100 mL in the analyzed samples.

Post-treatment of anaerobic effluents in constructed wetland systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. de Sousa ◽  
A. C. van Haandel ◽  
A. A.V. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Pre Treatment

This papers describes the behaviour of wetlands as a post-treatment unit for anaerobically treated sewage for the removal of organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and faecal coliforms. Raw sewage was treated in a UASB reactor with a retention time of 5 h and the effluent was used in four units of wetlands with coarse sand as the medium and operated with different hydraulic loads. Three of the units had emerging macrophytes (Juncus sp), whereas the fourth one was operated as a control unit without plants. During the 12 months of operation, the organic material removal efficiency (measured as COD) was in the range of 79 to 85%, whereas suspended solids removal varied from 48 to 71%. Faecal coliform removal was very high (99,99%); phosphorus was also efficiently removed (average efficiency of 90% for the lowest hydraulic load), but nitrogen removal was only partial (45 to 70% for ammonia and 47 to 70% for TKN). The experimental results clearly show the technical feasibility of using wetlands for treatment of municipal sewage after a pre-treatment in the UASB reactor.

Integrated mechanical, biological and physico-chemical treatment of liquid manure streams

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kalyuzhnyi ◽  
V. Sklyar ◽  
J. Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
I. Archipchenko ◽  
I. Barboulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Reactor Operating ◽  
Nitrogen Elimination

The results obtained during the first year of execution of a joint Russian-Dutch project “The development of integrated anaerobic-aerobic treatment of liquid manure streams with maximisation of production of valuable by-products (fertilisers, biogas) and re-utilisation of water” (1999–2001) are discussed. The application of a straw filter was an effective means to separate the solid and liquid fractions of diluted pig manure wastewater and resulted in the removal of a significant part of the dry matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus (65, 27 and 32%, respectively). From the filtrate generated, 60–80 % of the COD was removed in a UASB reactor operating at 20–30°C. Up to 66% of phosphate was precipitated after air stripping of the CO2 from the anaerobic effluents. Ammonia was efficiently removed (>99%) from the anaerobic effluents using zeolite (Ural laumantite) as an ion exchanger. However, the N-content of the resulting zeolite was too low to be used as a fertiliser. A feasible alternative for nitrogen elimination involved nitrification of the anaerobic effluent followed by denitrification in a UASB reactor using the COD of the filtrated manure wastewater as carbon source.

Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic Sewage under Moderate Climatic (Dutch) Conditions Using Upflow Reactors at Increased Superficial Velocities

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. M. van der Last ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Volumetric Loading

This paper describes experiments with domestic sewage using a 120 litre expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor and a 205 litre fluidised bed (FB) reactor. Presettled domestic sewage was used in the experiments, because these reactor systems are inadeguate in removing SS. Compared to conventional UASB reactors, the advantage of EGSB systems is the significantly better contact between sludge and wastewater. A batch recirculation system was used to assess the maximum achievable removal of the different COD fractions under EGSB and UASB conditions. The results obtained with the EGSB reactor reveal a removal efficiency of 90% with respect to the maximum obtainable efficiency of the soluble COD fraction under dry weather conditions. This efficiency can be obtained at hydraulic retention times (HRT) exceeding 3 hours. Even at HRT's ranging from 2 - 1.5 hours, still 84% - 77% of the maximum possible removal efficiency as assessed in batch recirculation experiments can be achieved at temperatures exceeding 13°C. The advantage of EGSB systems is the high volumetric loading rate that can be applied while maintaining a high removal of the dissolved COD fraction. Moreover, little if any accumulation of inert suspended solids occurs in the sludge bed. On the other hand, the poor removal of suspended solids can be considered as a disadvantage of these systems in treating domestic sewage. Conventional FB systems using sand as carrier material were shown to have little prospect for treating settled domestic sewage, because hardly any methanogenic activity will develop in such a system. However, it was also found that a very satisfactory guality granular sludge developed on settled sewage when operating FB systems in a mode similar to EGSB systems. This granular sludge appeared to be of a guality egual or even better than that of granular seed sludge, cultivated in a UASB reactor treating papermill wastewater.

Optimization of the performance of an integrated anaerobic–aerobic system for domestic wastewater treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tawfik ◽  
F. El-Gohary ◽  
A. Ohashi ◽  
H. Harada
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

A promising system consisting of Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Down-Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) system was investigated for removal of COD, BOD5 fractions, ammonia and faecal coliform from domestic wastewater. The combined system was operated at different HRTs of 16, 11 and 8 h. The results indicate that increasing the total HRT from 8 to 16 h significantly (p < 0.05) improves the CODtotal and BOD5 total removal mainly as a result of a higher removal of CODsoluble, BODsoluble, CODparticulate and BODparticulate. The main part of coarse suspended solids was removed in the UASB reactor (76.4±18%) and the remaining portion was adsorbed and/or enmeshed and degraded in the biomass of the DHS system. The combined system achieved a substantial reduction of total suspended solids (TSS) resulting in an average overall percentage removal of 94±6% (HRT = 16 h) and 89.5±7.8% (HRT = 8 h). Faecal coliform reduction was significantly improved when increasing the total HRT from 8 to 16 h. Residual counts of faecal coliform were 3.1 × 103/100 ml at a total HRT of 16 h, and 2.8 × 104/100 ml at total HRT of 8 h, corresponding to overall removal efficiency of 99.97±0.03 and 99.6±0.3% respectively. Despite the increase of ammonia concentration as a result of protein hydrolysis in the UASB reactor, a substantial removal of ammonia was achieved in the DHS system. The results obtained show that decreasing the OLR imposed to DHS system from 2.6 to 1.6 kg COD/m3·d significantly (p < 0.05) improves the removal efficiency of ammonia by a value of 29%. However, the removal efficiency of ammonia is not further increased when decreasing the OLR from 1.6 to 1.3 kg COD/m3·d. The discharged sludge from UASB + DHS system exerts a good settling property and partially stabilized. DHS profile results have shown that the major part of COD, BOD5, and TSS was removed in the upper part of the system, consequently, the nitrification process was occurring in the lower part of the DHS system.

Experiences of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in deep-bed filters at henriksdal sewage works in Stockholm

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
L. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
H 20

Deep-bed down-flow two-media filters were used in pilot plant studies with filtration of secondary settled wastewater. FeSO4 or FeCl5 was applied as a precipitation agent, and NaAc·3H2O was chosen as a carbon source when denitrification was desired. The concentration of PO4-P in the filtrate from the pilot plant study never exceeded 0.05 mg PO4-P/l when iron salts were dosed. The curves showing the concentration of P-tot and PO4-P in the filtrate as a function of the quotient between the dosage of iron and the concentration of PO4-P in the influent to the filter followed approximately an exponential relationship. The total nitrogen reduction over the filter bed increased from an average of 2.3 mg (NO3+NO2)-N/l at the beginning of each experiment to an average of 4.3 mg (NO3+NO2)-N/l towards the end of the test. When only secondary settled wastewater, suspended solids, primary settled wastewater, iron salts, or sodium acetate was added, at a hydraulic load of 10 m/h, the time before clogging became 100 h, 10–15 h, 20–40 h, respectively. Almost the entire pressure drop was located on the surface of the filter bed and 0.25 metre down in the expanded clay layer.

Modelling of different measures for improving removal in a stormwater pond

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. German ◽  
K. Jansons ◽  
G. Svensson ◽  
D. Karlsson ◽  
L.-G. Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Compartmental Modelling ◽  
Improvement Measure ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
Stormwater Pond ◽  
And Performance

The effect of retrofitting an existing pond on removal efficiency and hydraulic performance was modelled using the commercial software Mike21 and compartmental modelling. The Mike21 model had previously been calibrated on the studied pond. Installation of baffles, the addition of culverts under a causeway and removal of an existing island were all studied as possible improvement measures in the pond. The subsequent effect on hydraulic performance and removal of suspended solids was then evaluated. Copper, cadmium, BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal were also investigated for that specific improvement measure showing the best results. Outcomes of this study reveal that all measures increase the removal efficiency of suspended solids. The hydraulic efficiency is improved for all cases, except for the case where the island is removed. Compartmental modelling was also used to evaluate hydraulic performance and facilitated a better understanding of the way each of the different measures affected the flow pattern and performance. It was concluded that the installation of baffles is the best of the studied measures resulting in a reduction in the annual load on the receiving lake by approximately 8,000 kg of suspended solids (25% reduction of the annual load), 2 kg of copper (10% reduction of the annual load) and 600 kg of BOD (10% reduction of the annual load).

Modelling the performance of anaerobic wastewater stabilization ponds

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Saqqar ◽  
M. B. Pescod
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Wastewater Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The performance of the primary anaerobic pond at the Alsamra Wastewater Treatment Plant in Jordan was monitored over 48 months. Overall averages for the removal efficiencies of BOD5, COD and suspended solids were 53%, 53% and 74%, respectively. An improvement in removal efficiency with increase in pond water temperature was demonstrated. A model, which takes into account the variability of raw wastewater at different locations, has been developed to describe the performance of a primary anaerobic pond in terms of a settleability ratio for the raw wastewater. The model has been verified by illustrating the high correlation between actual and predicted pond performance.

EFFECTS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON SELECTED SITES OF NATIVE GRASSLAND IN WESTERN CANADA

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
S. Smoliak ◽  
W. A. Hubbard ◽  
A. Johnston ◽  
A. T. H. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Better Than

N, P, and N + P at 60, 26, and 60 + 26 lb per acre were applied on native grass sites during three successive years at seven, locations in Western Canada. Single applications of the N fertilizer resulted in 3- or 4-year total yield increases of 300 to 600 lb per acre at six locations. At Summerland the 3-year increase was nearly 1400 lb. Phosphorus fertilizer by itself provided very little yield increase. N + P gave yield increases that were only slightly better than those from N alone.Residual responses to fertilizer were important, especially in the 12- to 16-in. rainfall locations. Only about one-third of the total yield increase occurred in the first year, with the remainder coming in the subsequent seasons.Weeds, where present, showed a marked response to fertilizer N in the first season; in subsequent years the response largely disappeared.

scholarly journals UJI PERFORMANCE BIOFILTER ANAEROBIK UNGGUN TETAP MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA BIOFILTER SARANG TAWON UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG AYAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Firly Firly
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Aerobic Process ◽  
Plan Study ◽  
Plastic Media

An experiment of anaerobic biofilter using honeycomb plastic media was conducted in semi-pilot scale. This paper describes the pilot plan study of chicken’s slaughterhouse wastewater treatment using anaerobic and aerobic submerged biofilter using honeycomb plastic media. The main research was conducting by continuous operation under condition 4 days, 2 days and 1 day retention time. The result of experiment shows that within the anaerobic process under conditions 1- 4 days retention time, the removal efficiency of COD were 78 – 87 %, BOD  were 78 – 89   %, 73 – 83 % , and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were 83 – 96 %  respectively.  Using combined anaerobic and aerobic process under same conditions 1 - 4 days retention time shows increasing of removal efficiency.  The removal efficiency of COD were 86 – 90 %, BOD were 85 – 90 %, Organics (KMnO4) were 81 – 88 % and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were 94 – 96 % respectively.  The longer retention time has resulted in higher removal efficiency. Kata Kunci : Biofilter anaerobik, media sarang tawon, air limbah, rumah potong ayam.

Biological wastewater treatment for removal of polymeric resins in UASB reactor: influence of oxygen

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Durán ◽  
O. Monroy ◽  
J. Gómez ◽  
F. Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Polymeric Resins

The biological elimination of polymeric resins compounds (PRC) such as acrylic acid and their esters, vinyl acetate and styrene under methanogenic and oxygen-limited methanogenesis conditions was evaluated. Two UASB reactors (A and B) were used and the removal of the organic matter was studied in four stages. Reactor A was used as methanogenic control during the study. Initially both reactors were operated under methanogenic conditions. From the second stage reactor B was fed with 0.6 and 1 mg/L·d of oxygen (O2). Reactor A had diminution in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency from 75±4% to 37±5%, by the increase of PRC loading rate from 750 to 1125 mg COD/L·d. In this reactor there was no styrene elimination. In reactor B the COD removal efficiency was between 73±5% and 80±2%, even with the addition of O2 and increase of the PRC loading rate, owing to oxygen being used in the partial oxidation of these compounds. In this reactor the yields were modified from 0.56 to 0.40 for CH4 and from 0.31 to 0.60 for CO2. The O2 in low concentrations increased 40.7% the consumption rates of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, allowing styrene consumption with a rate of 0.103 g/L·d. Batch cultures demonstrated that under methanogenic and oxygen-limited methanogenesis conditions, the glucose was not used as an electron acceptor in the elimination of PRC.

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