A cost-effective method for detoxification of sludge containing lead

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
K. Banerjee ◽  
C.D. Blumenschein
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Feasibility Evaluation

The industrial wastewater treatment plant discussed in this paper generates sludge containing heavy metals, including lead. Occasionally, the concentration of lead in the Toxic Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) extract from the sludge exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory limit of 5 mg/l and resulted in the solid waste exhibiting the characteristics of toxicity. The technical and economic feasibility of a process for conditioning the lead-containing sludge was investigated. The results revealed that the lead-laden sludge could be made non-hazardous by chemical conditioning. The lead reduction efficiency of triple super phosphate (TSP) is higher than that of either calcium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide. The laboratory and pilot-scale tests indicated that the conditioning system consistently reduced the lead in the TCLP extract below the regulatory limit of 5 mg/l. The economic feasibility evaluation demonstrated that more than US$450,000 could be saved annually by conditioning the sludge with TSP and disposing it as a non-hazardous material in a landfill. The results obtained from the laboratory as well as from the pilot-scale operation are described and discussed in this paper.

Denitrificiation in a Non-Nitrifying Activated Sludge System

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1097-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lyngå ◽  
P. Balmér
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Nitrate Supply

Post-nitrification and recycling of the nitrified effluent to an anoxic zone in an activated sludge system for denitrification is proposed as a potentially cost-effective method for nitrogen removal in existing activated sludge treatment plants. Denitrification in a non-nitrifying activated sludge system with a SRT of 3-4 days has been studied in pilot scale. The results show that denitrification rates of at least 10 g N03-N/(kgVSS h) can be achieved. At COD/NO3-N ratios above 15, nitrate supply appears to control the denitrification rate while at COD/NO3-N ratios below 15 the rate appears to be controlled by the supply of easily biodegradable organic matter.

scholarly journals Application of integrated MBR in a centralized WTP for a chemical industrial park: A case study in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
Zhang Jinsong ◽  
Liu Jerry
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Chemical Industrial Park ◽  
Porous Resin ◽  
Aerated Filter

Abstract Wastewaters from chemical industries usually contain pollutants which are toxic and non-biodegradable. Treatment of chemical wastewaters is always a challenging topic in view of the stringent environmental regulations that have to be adhered to. Since 2014, the Chinese government has been continuously tightening the industrial wastewater (IWW) discharge standards, which requires improved quality of IWW effluent. This poses great challenges to the chemical industries in China, especially to many of the chemical industry clusters where the wastewaters usually contain more toxic and non-biodegradable contaminants. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been proved to be a reliable and cost-effective solution for the treatment of IWW. However, MBR alone could not effectively remove non-biodegradable organics, it needs to be integrated with advanced oxidization process and/or other physical-chemical treatment processes to improve the overall treatment efficiency. In this paper, studies on the performance of different integrated MBR processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant-A (IWTP-A) will be discussed, including Fenton + MBR, MBR + ozonation + biological aerated filter, and MBR + porous resin sorption.

scholarly journals The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skrzypiecbcef ◽  
Magdalena H. Gajewskaad
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Constructed wetlands are characterized by specific conditions enabling simultaneous various physical and biochemical processes. This is the result of specific environment for the growth of microorganisms and hydrophytes (aquatic and semiaquatic plants) which are capable of living in aerobic, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions. Their interaction contributes to the intensification of oxidation and reduction responsible for the removal and retention of pollutants. These processes are supported by sorption, sedimentation and assimilation. Thanks to these advantages, treatment wetland systems have been used in communal management for over 50 years. In recent years, thanks to its advantages, low operational costs and high removal efficiency, there is growing interest in the use of constructed wetlands for the treatment or pre-treatment of various types of industrial wastewater. The study analyzes current use of these facilities for the treatment of industrial wastewater in the world. The conditions of use and efficiency of pollutants removal from readily and slowly biodegradable wastewater, with special emphasis on specific and characteristic pollutants of particular industries were presented. The use of subsurface horizontal flow beds for the treatment of industrial wastewater, among others from crude oil processing, paper production, food industry including wineries and distillery, olive oil production and coffee processing was described. In Poland constructed wetlands are used for the treatment of sewage and sludge from milk processing in pilot scale or for dewatering of sewage sludge produced in municipal wastewater treatment plant treating domestic sewage with approximately 40% share of wastewater from dairy and fish industry. In all cases, constructed wetlands provided an appropriate level of treatment and in addition the so-called ecosystem service.

scholarly journals Development of innovative environmental applications of attapulgite clay

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zotiadis ◽  
A. Argyraki
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Attapulgite Clay

In this paper we present a series of laboratory and field, pilot- scale applications of attapulgite clay as an amendment for the stabilization of metals in contaminated soil and sewage sludge. Attapulgite’s structure together with its fine particle size and fibrous habit are responsible for its high specific surface area and sorption properties. A pilot scale application of attapulgite clay as a binder for in situ stabilization of toxic metals in contaminated land showed significant reduction in the water leachable metal fraction (Cu: 17%, Pb: 50%, Zn: 45%, Cd: 41%, Ag: 46%, As: 18%, Mn: 47%, Ba: 45%, Sb: 29%). In a second pilot scale environmental application, an innovative attapulgite “Geosynthetic Reactive Clay - GRC” was designed and developed for “capping” and “stabilization”of toxic metals in contaminated soil. Also, laboratory scale experiments with fresh sewage sludge from a municipal water treatment plant showed that addition of attapulgite clay in sludge, significantly reduced the leachable concentrations of phenol, DOC, Hg, Cu, Mo, Pb, Se, As, Zn and pathogen population over a 4 weeks observation period. The developed soil remediation techniques are promising and cost-effective under present market conditions. Concerning treatment of sewage sludge, attapulgite clay is an effective additive that could enhance the composting procedure creating an environmental added value, final compost product.

Drying kinetics and stabilization of sewage sludge in lagoon in hot climate

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Idris ◽  
O.B. Yen ◽  
M.H.A. Hamid ◽  
A.M. Baki
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Drying Kinetic ◽  
Drying Behavior ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Sludge Drying ◽  
Drying Efficiency

A sludge lagoon has been adopted as a simple and cost effective method for dewatering of sludge. The processes occurring in a sludge lagoon include thickening, dewatering, storage and stabilization; all happening simultaneously. The objective of this study is to determine the dewatering and drying rates at pilot-scale which occur in a lagoon having different design configurations. Two types of sludge lagoons with different initial sludge depth (0.75 m and 0.375 m) were investigated to measure the drying behavior and drying efficiency. The first design is a sludge lagoon with a clay bottom where the dewatering mechanisms are decanting supernatant and evaporation. The second design is a sludge lagoon installed with a sand and underdrains system, where the dewatering mechanisms are filtration or draining and evaporation. Sludge drying kinetic models with high fitness were plotted to describe the sludge drying behavior. Drying of sludge in a sludge lagoon with a clay bottom can best be described by an exponential function. Whereas, drying of sludge in a sludge lagoon with sand and underdrains system followed a logarithmic function. A lagoon designed with sand and underdrains system and having shallower sludge depth was the most efficient. The reduction in volatile solids was lower than 4% during the study period. The drying process proceeded with an increase in dryness and decline in pH value.

Feasibility evaluation of the treatment and recycling of shale gas produced water: a case study of the first shale gas field in the Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoji Zhang ◽  
Yiling Zhuang ◽  
Junjie Li ◽  
Zejun Zhou ◽  
Shaohua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Eastern Sichuan Basin ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Feasibility Evaluation ◽  
Eastern Sichuan

Laboratory and pilot-scale feasibility evaluation of cost-effective treatment and recycling of shale gas produced water.

Industrial wastewater treatment by on-site pilot static granular bed reactor (SGBR)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Park ◽  
Jin Hwan Oh ◽  
Eric A. Evans ◽  
Michael F. Lally ◽  
Keith L. Hobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Active Volume ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Continuous Basis ◽  
Static Granular Bed Reactor

The on-site pilot-scale Static Granular Bed Reactor (SGBR) was used to treat the dairy processing wastewater at the Tulare Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant (IWTP). A pilot unit with approximately 42.5 m3 of active volume was operated for 7 months on a continuous basis with a range of 9 to 48 h HRT condition at ambient temperature. Throughout the whole study, COD and BOD5 removal was consistently over 90% under a broad range of organic loading conditions ranging from 0.63 to 9.72 kg/m3/d. TSS removal was also greater than 80% on average. In terms of organic removal, the SGBR system was robust to the temperature variations ranging from 10 to 29 °C. The adequate periodic backwashing consistently provided the maintenance of a head loss and the wastewater level in the reactor. Based on these results, the SGBR seems to be an excellent alternative for the required pretreatment system from the Tulare IWTP. Several benefits for IWTP could be provided by a full scale application of SGBR due to its simple design and operational advantages over conventional high rate anaerobic systems.

A Heat-Recovery System for Process Steam Industries

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Gaggioli ◽  
William J. Wepfer ◽  
Hsiu-H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Steam System

A new cost-effective method for integrating heat recovery into a process steam system has been conceived which conserves boiler fuel and capital—the cost of the recovery components is less than the cost of additional boiler capacity. The essential element is the use of the process equipment not only as the condenser of a boiler loop but also as the condenser of a refrigeration cycle. This method can be incorporated into any process steam system where sizable effluent losses are available from the processes being served. This article presents a case study of an application to paper making. The company, which cogenerates process steam and electricity, was planning to add an additional paper machine. Although there was some spare boiler capacity, the new machine would have required investment in an additional boiler. Inasmuch as some of the existing capacity was gas-fired, the tentative plan was to add a sizable coal-fired boiler. A study was made of a design incorporating the new heat recovery method, as an alternative to the coal-fired boiler. Actually, several versions of the new method were analyzed—for both technical and economic feasibility. Virtually every version saved capital and saved fuel, although electric power production was reduced. The economic analysis—taking into account interest, depreciation, and taxes—showed that most versions were preferable to the planned new boiler.

scholarly journals Separation of Fructose and Glucose via Nanofiltration in Presence of Fructooligosaccharides

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Zulhaj Rizki ◽  
Anja E. M. Janssen ◽  
Albert van der Padt ◽  
Remko M. Boom
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Rejection Ratio ◽  
Molecular Weight Cutoff ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Glucose Ratio ◽  
Preferential Binding

Fructose and glucose are commonly present together in mixtures and may need to be separated. Current separation methods for these isomers are complex and costly. Nanofiltration is a cost-effective method that has been widely used for separating carbohydrates of different sizes; however, it is not commonly used for such similar molecules. Here, we report the separation of fructose and glucose in a nanofiltration system in the presence of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Experiments were performed using a pilot-scale filtration setup using a spiral wound nanofiltration membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 1 kDa. We observed three important factors that affected the separation: (1) separation of monosaccharides only occurred in the presence of FOS and became more effective when FOS dominated the solution; (2) better separation was achieved when the monosaccharides were mainly fructose; and (3) the presence of salt improved the separation only moderately. The rejection ratio (Rf/Rg) in a fructose/glucose mixture is 0.92. We reported a rejection ratio of 0.69, which was observed in a mixture of 50 g/L FOS with a fructose to glucose ratio of 4.43. The separation is hypothesized to occur due to selective transport in the FOS layer, resulting in a preferential binding towards fructose.

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