Chihuahua: a water reuse case in the desert

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-S. Espino ◽  
C.-J. Navarro ◽  
J.-M. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
The City

Water supply for all kind of uses in Chihuahua is mainly groundwater. During the last decade this city has been damaged with a heavy hydrologic crisis because of a persistent drought. This came up with the overexploitation of groundwater aquifers; therefore a deficit between demand and offer was done. To minimize this problem the government authorities have started an integral plan of optimizing hydrologic resources which considers the treatment of wastewater and the use of reclaimed water. The secondary wastewater treatment facility of the city treats about 30,000 m3/d of a wastewater with high organic contents, and produces an effluent with low concentration of suspended solids, organic matter, fats, detergents, and metals. Reclaimed water is conveyed toward strategic sites for the irrigation of great green areas in sport clubs, educational institutions and industrial zones, besides of its utilization on some manufacturing processes, road service, and also over construction industry. The potential reuse of this water goes farther from those activities; the treatment of the secondary effluent until the required levels of the water-bearing recharge criteria are met for drinking water supply is considered as the next step to achieve through a suitable planning strategy for the best integral resource advantage.

Reclaimed water for the Tarragona petrochemical park

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sanz ◽  
J. Suescun ◽  
J. Molist ◽  
F. Rubio ◽  
R. Mujeriego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Start Up

The Camp de Tarragona Water Reuse Project is an emblematic example of how regional water scarcity can be overcome by considering reclaimed secondary effluent, which would otherwise be disposed of in the Mediterranean Sea, as an essential component of integrated water resources management. An advanced water reclamation plant (AWRP) was completed in 2011 to reclaim municipal secondary effluent from Tarragona and Vilaseca-Salou wastewater treatment plants. The reclaimed effluent is used for cooling and process water at the nearby Tarragona petrochemical park. The AWRP's current (2014) capacity is 19,000 m3/d (Phase I), and further expansions are planned to produce 29,000 m3/d (Phase II) and 55,000 m3/d (Phase III) in coming years. This locally available additional water supply will replace surface water supplies currently transferred from the Ebro River for use at the petrochemical park; as a result, an equivalent volume of surface water will be available for urban water supply in the coastal areas of Tarragona province. By developing this new and locally available water supply source, industrial growth in a water scarce region has been supported, while promoting local industry's sustainability. This industrial water reuse project provided 0.20 hm3 of water from September to December 2012, its first operational year, and 1.37 hm3 in 2013. The paper presents and discusses the planning, design, construction and operation phases of this water reclamation and reuse project, including start-up and commissioning, facilities preservation protocols from construction completion to servicing start-up, and the operational, management and economic arrangements adopted to provide a reliable source of reclaimed water for cooling water systems and demineralized water for boiler feed at the Tarragona petrochemical park and a nearby cogeneration power plant.

Water reuse introduces the need to integrate both water supply and wastewater management at local and regulatory levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Okun
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
The Government

Growing population and increasing urbanization is resulting in shortages of water supply for communities even in water-rich areas of the world. An approach to addressing this problem has been the introduction of wastewater reclamation and reuse for nonpotable purposes through dual distribution systems in municipalities in the United States on a significant scale in the 1970s and more recently in Japan and Australia. Many hundreds of communities, some very small and others very large, have adopted dual systems to add to their water resources and to reduce the burden of water pollution. Two issues deserve attention. The first is that the provision of water supply and its regulation by government is generally entirely separated from the provision of sewerage and wastewater treatment, so that the management of a reclaimed water service requires new arrangements both on the part of communities and of the government agencies that are concerned with the oversight of water supply and pollution control. The second issue is that the availability of new technology for treating waters drawn from polluted sources has led to proposals for purposefully using reclaimed water for potable purposes. The integration of water supply and wastewater disposal functions in professional organizations, such as IWA, is a useful step towards integrating water management in practice.

GAC Adsorption of Ozonated Secondary Textile Effluents for Industrial Water Reuse

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bergna ◽  
Roberto Bianchi ◽  
Francesca Malpei
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Textile Finishing

The paper presents the results obtained at laboratory, pilot and demonstrative scale with granular activated carbon adsorption as a mean to obtain effluent suitable as water supply for textile finishing industries, that require very stringent limits in terms of COD and colour removal. Laboratory scale tests evidenced that the specific carbon adsorption capacity, both for COD and colour, is highest for a sand-filtered + clariflocculated effluent and lowest for the sand-filtered + ozonated secondary effluent. Pilot and demonstrative scale tests were performed on three filters (0.3, 0.3 and 20 m3 of GAC each) fed with the full scale ozonated secondary effluent.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA MAKASSAR NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2013 DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK DASAR PENDIDIKAN PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DI KOTA MAKASSAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman Umar ◽  
Nur Syarif Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
City Government ◽  
School Level ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Basic Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

This study aims to determine: (1) The fulfillment of basic rights to education for Persons with Disabilities in Makassar based on Local Regulation Makassar City No. 6 of 2013, (2) Obstacles encountered in obtaining the basic right of education of persons with disabilities in the city of Makassar, (3 ) the right solution to overcome the obstacles encountered in obtaining the basic right of education of persons with disabilities in the city of Makassar. This research is a study that used a qualitative descriptive approach, which is where the primary data source being informers are students with disabilities the high school level, students with disabilities S1, officials of Education Department of Makassar, members of Parliament of Makassar, the Management Organization disabilities, Pembina NGOs and Parents persons with disabilities. The data collection procedures used were interviews and documentation. While the analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis. The results showed that: (1) Makassar City Government has sought the fulfillment of the basic right to education for persons with disabilities in the city of Makassar. it is evidenced with the local regulations require every institution in which education in the city of Makassar to provide opportunities for persons with disabilities to education. The effect of the presence of these regulations is at the moment with disabilities have been able to attend school at any educational institutions both at school SLB, Regular schools and universities. (2) they encountered several obstacles that obtained with disabilities in getting the right to education that is still no educational establishments are not willing to accept persons with disabilities to attend regular schools, educational facilities are not accessible for persons with disabilities and there are educators at regular schools who do not understand in dealing with students with disabilities. (3) to overcome these obstacles, the government should socialize more about the policies that guarantee basic rights of education of persons with disabilities in educational institutions that are still not willing to accept students with disabilities. In addition, the government should identify the persons with disabilities who attend regular school, then allocate the budget for the procurement of infrastructure and training of educators in dealing with students with disabilities in regular schools and universities.

Jordan Strategy for the Collection, Treatment and Reuse of Wastwater

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. R. Arar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Total Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
Water Strategy ◽  
High Level

Jordan is situated in an arid to semi- arid zone with low and unpredictable rainfall. The country has an exceptionally low per capita water supply at less them 200 cubic meters per annum; one of the lowest on record world wide. This situation is exacerbated by increasing demand for water resulting from rapid growth in population due in part to the arrival of refugees and displaced persons, increased urbanization. improved standard of living and the continuing demands for irrigation. The gap between total demand and water supply is estimated by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) at about 336 MCM in 2005 and this to increase to about 434 MCM in 2020. To minimize the negative impact of this shortage one of the country water strategy is to increase the water supply through maximizing the production of treated wastewater and its use for irrigation / industry and other suitable uses in order to protect the environment and to save fresh water for drinking purposes. At present 90% of the population are served by piped water and 65% by sewerage network with 22 treatment plants producing the equivalent to 10% of the total water resources. This will increase to reach, in 2020, about 18.6% of the total water resources. To ensure the implementation of the reuse projects successfully the country has created the Water Use and Environment Unit supported by the necessary legislative and institutional frame work and human resources development programme and by the establishment of the high level National Water Reuse Co-ordinating Committee, representing all those Concerned in the government agencies and the private sector.

scholarly journals Water reuse system in Xi'an Municipality of China

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Chen ◽  
Xiaochang Wang ◽  
Yanzheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Central City ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Reuse System

A water reuse system was formulated for the Xi'an International Metropolitan Urban Planning Project, with the aim of mitigating water stress in the central city of Xi'an, China in 2020. The main reuse purposes of the reclaimed water were agriculture, industry, municipal, ecological, and indoor uses. A wastewater reuse potential capacity of 427.2 × 106 m3/yr was deduced by analyzing the water demand for the different reuse purposes. This reuse capacity makes significant contribution to increasing the total urban water supply capacity and mitigating the water shortage problems imposed by the process of urbanization. A supply scheme for the reclaimed water was configured, which comprised the reclaimed water sources, water supply service areas, and the main reuse purposes. As a result, a wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)-centered reclaimed water supply system was formed, and the main reuse purposes of the 15 WWTPs and their service districts were defined. Through an economic analysis, the feasibility and benefits of the water reuse system were ascertained. Overall, this study provided the theoretical basis and implementation strategies for a system configuration of water reuse in Xi'an City and also contributed to solving the water-deficiency problems associated with the rapidly developing urban areas in China.

scholarly journals PEMBAHARUAN AKSES PENDIDIKAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Sulistyo Anjarwati ◽  
Rochmat Rochmat
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
Reception System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
New Student

This article discusses how parents' perceptions of students when responding to the zoning system in the New Student Reception System (PPDB), especially in the City of Blitar. This research is based on qualitative data obtained from the field (field research), both from primary sources: interviews and observations, as well as other secondary sources: studies on the development of PPDB studies that occur in Indonesia, both from print or electronic media. The results showed that parents of students still felt that the zoning system in PPDB did not provide free space in accessing education as desired. The government has changed the old pattern of society into a new, more complex arrangement in terms of educational facilities. In addition to having effectiveness in changing people's perceptions of the differences between favorite and non-favorite schools, this system is conceptually good, but it is not yet effective enough to equalize the quality of education, so there is still a need for deep integrative studies, strategic efforts between educational institutions and relevant agencies. This step can be done through optimizing the socialization of the PPDB zoning system to the community that promotes openness and is in favor of the people's aspirations.

On-site water recycling systems in Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yamagata ◽  
M. Ogoshi ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
M. Ozaki ◽  
T. Asano
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Recycling Systems

Non-potable urban water reuse is Japan's main water reuse practice, which includes water for environmental uses, in-stream flow augmentation, toilet flushing, and industrial reuse. On-site water recycling systems reclaim wastewater on site as well as harvest rainwater in one or more large buildings and distributing the reclaimed water within the buildings for non-potable reuse. Based on our survey conducted in 1999 on current status of on-site water recycling systems in 23 wards of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government District, the following findings are reported in this paper: (1) on the average, 61% of non-potable water demand is met by reclaimed water, and the deficit is made up by tap water from city water supply, (2) biological treatment or ultrafiltration processes can provide reliable treatment and suitable water quality. Some technical problems such as odor from on-site treatment facilities have occurred in a few buildings, (3) there has been no serious accident involving human health by accidentally ingesting reclaimed water, and (4) there is a scale merit in the construction cost of on-site water recycling systems. An on-site wastewater recycling system larger than 100 m3/d is more economically justifiable when compared to a conventional domestic water supply system. An on-site water recycling system can provide an effective, safe, and economical urban water resource for non-potable water reuse applications.

Water from (waste)water – the dependable water resource (The 2001 Stockholm Water Prize Laureate Lecture)

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Dependable Water

Water reclamation and reuse provides a unique and viable opportunity to augment traditional water supplies. As a multi-disciplined and important element of water resources development and management, water reuse can help to close the loop between water supply and wastewater disposal. Effective water reuse requires integration of water and reclaimed water supply functions. The successful development of this dependable water resource depends upon close examination and synthesis of elements from infrastructure and facilities planning, wastewater treatment plant siting, treatment process reliability, economic and financial analyses, and water utility management. In this paper, fundamental concepts of water reuse are discussed including definitions, historical developments, the role of water recycling in the hydrologic cycle, categories of water reuse, water quality criteria and regulatory requirements, and technological innovations for the safe use of reclaimed water. The paper emphasizes the integration of this alternative water supply into water resources planning, and the emergence of modern water reclamation and reuse practices from wastewater to reclaimed water to repurified water.

“A Spirit of Bolshevism?”: Perth’s Water Crisis of the 1920s

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Jenny Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
State Government ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water History ◽  
Public Meetings ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Government ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

The early 1920s were a pivotal period in Perth’s water history, marked by conflict over the inadequacies of the city’s water supply. Only a small area of the city had reticulated water; most people relied on wells or rainwater tanks. Water shortages, particularly in new suburbs and higher districts, prompted the Western Australian Government to impose water restrictions. The press, local government authorities, and opposition politicians took the government to task, and officials and householders protested at public meetings. This article analyzes the causes of water shortages, the level of protest, tensions over the governance of the water supply, and the response of the state government. As on America’s west coast in the same period, government decision making was often influenced by rural needs, but the role played by urban householders, with the support of the press and opposition politicians, was paramount in shaping new water supply systems for city dwellers.

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