Pharmaceutical rejection by membranes for wastewater reclamation and reuse

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-Y. Park ◽  
J.H. Lee ◽  
I.S. Kim ◽  
J. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Hydrodynamic Condition ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Mass Transfer Parameter ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
By Products

Various membranes, which have different materials and nominal molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO), were compared in terms of rejection of ibuprofen and removal of effluent organic matter (EfOM) from membrane bioreactor (MBR), because pharmaceutical compounds contain a potential risk and EfOM is the precursor of carcinogenic disinfection by-products when reusing for drinking water source. To provide equivalent comparison with respect to hydrodynamic condition, mass transfer parameter, J0/k ratio, was used. A tight-UF membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 8,000 daltons exhibited 25∼95% removal efficiencies of ibuprofen with a molecular weight of 206 with and without presence of EfOMMBR. EfOMMBR caused the reduction of ibuprofen removal efficiency for UF membrane. Rejection of EfOMMBR by UF and NF membranes ranged 29∼47% and 69∼86%, respectively. UF membrane could successfully remove ibuprofen at lower J0/k ratio range (≤1) in organic free water but could not efficiently reject ibuprofen with a relatively hydrophilic EfOMMBR (SUVA ≤3).

RISK EVALUATION OF PATHOGENS IN WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AS A DRINKING WATER SOURCE

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (11) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Koshi Hashimoto ◽  
Yoshiaki Abe ◽  
Tatsuo Omura
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation

Dissolved Organic Carbon Removal from a Prairie Water Supply Using Ozonation and Biological Activated Carbon

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Sketchell ◽  
Hans G. Peterson ◽  
Nick Christofi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Chlorine Demand ◽  
Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
By Products

Abstract Large quantities of dissolved organic carbon in prairie surface water reservoirs make sustainable treatment quite challenging. Organic material is a precursor for the formation of disinfection by-products. Here, ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration were used as methods for removing dissolved organic carbon from the water of a small prairie reservoir used as a drinking water source. Biofiltration alone yielded significant reductions in dissolved organic carbon, colour, total trihalomethanes and chlorine demand. When ozonation preceded biofiltration, the increased proportion of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon allowed for significantly greater (p<0.05

Study on secondary reaction and fate of hazardous chemicals by oxidants

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Kim ◽  
K. H. Oh ◽  
S. H. Lee ◽  
S. S. Choi ◽  
K. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Emergency Control ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
By Products

The water treatment procedure can lead to the formation of by-products, when the drinking water source is contaminated with trace amounts of organic matter. In this study, the disinfection by-products (DBPs) of trace organic compounds were identified to provide the knowledge on the possible DBPs of the contaminated water during the general or emergent water treatment procedure. Chlorination or ozonation was performed in the laboratory scale under the conditions for the drinking water treatments, and the DBPs of 16 VOCs and 4 phenols were screened using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). By the chlorination, dichlorobenzene was produced from benzene, ethylbenzene and styrene. 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane and phenol produced 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chloroform and chlorophenol, respectively. By the ozonation, bromoform changed to dibromomethane and styrene produced benzaldehyde. Finally, the water treatment method of each classified contaminant group was suggested for the emergency control of contamination.

Ozone-enhanced photocatalytic degradation of natural organic matter in water

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zhang ◽  
L. Jian
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Toc Removal

Ozone-enhanced photocatalytic degradation of macromolecular natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water source was investigated. The influences of ozone dosage, retention time and bicarbonate concentration on the NOM degradation rate were studied. The change of molecular weight distribution of NOM caused by ozone-enhanced photocatalysis was analysed, as well as the degradation rate of NOM with different molecular weight (MW). It was shown that ozone-enhanced photocatalysis was much better for NOM degradation than sole ozonation or photocatalysis. Increase of both ozone dosage and retention time could effectively increase the TOC removal rate, while biodegradability could be improved solely by an increase in ozone dosage. The existence of bicarbonate significantly reduced the photocatalytic degradation rate of NOM; however, its impact was effectively offset by the addition of ozone into the photocatalytic process. Macromolecular NOM was transformed into smaller molecules, and the larger NOM was mineralized by ozone-enhanced photocatalysis much faster than the smaller NOM.

Performance improvement of hybrid membrane bioreactor with PAC addition for water reuse

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
H. Cui ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Coat Layer

A study was carried out on a hybrid (AS-SBF) membrane bioreactor (HMBR) for the municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse at Chengfengzhuang WWTP in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. It was found that the effects of DO and water temperature on performance of the HMBR was significant. Under the conditions of water temperature in range of 10–14°C, pH of 6.6–7.0, DO of 4–6mg/l and HRT of 7h, the HMBR exhibited removal efficiencies for CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N and TN of 96.7%, 98.9%, 93.7% and 60.5% respectively. The turbidity of effluent from HMBR was below 1NTU. The effluent of HMBR meets the standard of wastewater reclamation for oil exploitation. PAC was added into the bioreactor at the second operating stage, in order to further research parameters variation. The flux was improved by 53.2%, compared to the membrane without PAC-addition, due to formation of a PAC pre-coat layer on the membrane surface, with lots of advantages such as larger granules, higher porosity, non-compressibility, higher filterability and easy removal, compared with pure biomass layer. In addition, the performance of HMBR was further improved, due to adsorption and degradation of SMPs, the average removal of CODcr and TN was further improved by 5.1% and 13.5% respectively. Biomass in the HMBR was quantitatively measured, of which the biofilm played a major role in pollutants removal.

Full scale application of the coupled alternate cycles-membrane bioreactor (AC-MBR) process for wastewater reclamation and reuse

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Battistoni ◽  
F. Fatone ◽  
D. Bolzonella ◽  
P. Pavan
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Energy Consumptions

The paper deals with the full scale application of the alternate cycles-membrane bioreactor (AC-MBR) process for wastewater reclamation and reuse. The studied plant treats up to 6000 m3/d and is located at Viareggio, central Italy. The validation of the process is presented discussing its behaviour in two different steady state conditions: the first with MLSS of some 8 g/l at 18.7 Celsius degrees, and the second with some 6 g/l at 24.3 Celsius degrees. Removals of TSS, COD and TN were 100%, >90% and >80%, respectively, while TP removal reached values up to 67% without any chemical precipitation process. The specific energy consumptions were 110÷113 Wh/PE depending mainly on the adopted MLSS.

Probing the mechanisms of NOM chlorination using fluorescence: formation of disinfection by-products in Alento River water

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fabbricino ◽  
G.V. Korshin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Emission Band ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
By Products

Experiments with Alento River water (a drinking water source in the province of Salerno, Italy) showed that considerable amounts of disinfection by-products, primarily chloroform and haloacetic acids, form in that water upon chlorination. The total yield of haloacetic acids was almost twice as high as that of chloroform. Chlorination also caused significant changes in the intensity of NOM fluorescence and the position of the emission band. To quantify the latter, the wavelength that corresponds to the position of the emission band at its half-intensity (λ0.5) was employed. Chlorination caused the λ0.5 values to decrease, while the THMs and HAAs concentrations were linearly correlated with the corresponding λ0.5 values. The strength of correlations between DBP concentrations and λ0.5 values indicates that the latter parameter can be employed in studies of DBP formation in drinking water.

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