Nitrification potential in waste stabilisation ponds: comparison of a secondary and tertiary pond system

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yamamoto ◽  
M. D. Short ◽  
B. van den Akker ◽  
N. J. Cromar ◽  
H. J. Fallowfield
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Nitrification Potential ◽  
Laboratory Microcosm ◽  
Natural Pond ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study compared the nitrification potential of two separate Waste Stabilisation Ponds (WSPs) operating under differing physical and chemical conditions. In order to probe the nitrification potential of each system, the oxidation of ammonium and also the intermediate product nitrite was assessed using both in situ and laboratory micro-scale incubations. The role of sediment in determining the nitrification potential of the two WSPs was also investigated. Results from laboratory microcosm incubations revealed a competent and strikingly similar nitrification potential for both WSPs in spite of their differing nitrogen and organic loadings, and also suggested a significant role for sediment in WSP nitrogen cycling. Results from in situ field experiments identified biomass uptake to be the dominant nitrogen removal mechanism in natural pond environments. Other aspects of WSP nitrogen cycling are also discussed.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Distribution of Marine Magnetotactic Bacteria in a Seasonally Stratified Coastal Salt Pond

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 6230-6239 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Simmons ◽  
S. M. Sievert ◽  
R. B. Frankel ◽  
D. A. Bazylinski ◽  
K. J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Magnetotactic Bacteria ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Salt Pond ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT The occurrence and distribution of magnetotactic bacteria (MB) were studied as a function of the physical and chemical conditions in meromictic Salt Pond, Falmouth, Mass., throughout summer 2002. Three dominant MB morphotypes were observed to occur within the chemocline. Small microaerophilic magnetite-producing cocci were present at the top of the chemocline, while a greigite-producing packet-forming bacterium occurred at the base of the chemocline. The distributions of these groups displayed sharp changes in abundance over small length scales within the water column as well as strong seasonal fluctuations in population abundance. We identified a novel, greigite-producing rod in the sulfidic hypolimnion that was present in relatively constant abundance over the course of the season. This rod is the first MB that appears to belong to the γ-Proteobacteria, which may suggest an iron- rather than sulfur-based respiratory metabolism. Its distribution and phylogenetic identity suggest that an alternative model for the ecological and physiological role of magnetotaxis is needed for greigite-producing MB.

scholarly journals Biofilms Confer Resistance to Simulated Extra-terrestrial Geochemical Extremes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam H. Stevens ◽  
Delma Childers ◽  
Mark Fox-Powell ◽  
Charles S. Cockell
Keyword(s):  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Planetary Protection ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Over Time

1AbstractBiofilms improve microbes’ resistance to a variety of extreme physical and chemical conditions on Earth. The discovery of putative aqueous environments on other planetary bodies such as Mars motivates an interest in understanding the viability of life, and the potential role of biofilms, in previously unexplored geochemical extremes. We investigated the loss of viability of planktonic cells and biofilms ofSphingomonas desiccabilis(a Gram-negative, desiccation resistant, soil crust-forming organism) to simulated Martian brines. These brines were produced from geochemical modelling of past aqueous environments on Mars, and their high sulfate concentrations make them different to most terrestrial brines, although similar briny environments have been found in locations such as the Basque Lakes in Canada or in deep subsurface groundwater systems. Biofilms grown on basaltic scoria were subjected to the simulated martian brines and the viability of cells was measured over time and compared to equivalent planktonic cultures. Crystal violet assay was used to measure how the biomass of the biofilms changed over time in response to the brines. While certain brines were highly hostile to microbial viability, we found that biofilms that were desiccated prior to being treated with brines maintained viability over a longer treatment period when compared to planktonic cells. Our results show that biofilms confer short-term protection to the harsh osmotic, ionic, and acidic conditions of Mars-relevant brines. However, in the most extreme simulated brines, even biofilms eventually lost viability. By demonstrating that biofilms confer protection to conditions that are potentially analogous to current day recurrent slope lineae (thought to be produced by the flow of briny fluids) on Mars, our results show that contaminant biofilm-forming microorganisms may have a greater chance of surviving in so-called ‘Special Regions’ on Mars, with implications for planetary protection in missions that aim to explore these regions.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of orthosilicic acid polycondensation and silica particles formation inhydrothermal solutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Potapov ◽  
A. A. Cerdan ◽  
I. A. Kashutina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Mineral Formation ◽  
Mineral Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Hydrothermal Mineral

Numerical simulation of the process of polycondensation of orthosilicic acid and colloid silica particles growth under different physical and chemical conditions was done: temperature, pH, ionic strength and other. Calculated dependences of orthosilicic acid concentration and mean radius of silica particles versus time, graphs of particles dimensions distributions were received. Results of calculations were compared with experimental data. Research is important for to make clear role of colloid silica on hydrothermal mineral formation and for industrial extraction and utilization of silica, and also for mineral synthesis.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton biomass and species composition in relation to some physical and chemical characteristics of Lake Adale, Haramaya Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Dessalegn Fayissa
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
East African ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Biomass and species composition of phytoplankton in relation to the physical and chemical conditions of the water in Lake Adale were studied from March, 2011 to September, 2011. All the physical, chemical and biological parameters measured varied temporally. The temperature of the lake was measured by digital oxygen meter and varied from 22°C to 26°C. The chemistry of the lake was basically similar to the dilute East African lake waters, with maximum pH values of 9.2 as measured in situ by a portable digital pH meter. The inorganic nutrients, which were of moderately high levels, varied temporally as a function of hydrological, hydrographic and biological conditions of the lake and were measured by a Hach kit (DR/2000 spectrophotometer) for nitrate, and colorimetrically with the ascorbic acid method for phosphate and molybdosilicate method for silica. The phytoplankton community, which was consistently dominated by cyanobacteria, exhibited low species diversity. Phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll a varied from 23.35 to 55.18 mg m-3 .The concentration of chlorophyll a was calculated according to Talling and Driver (1963) using absorbance measurements made at 665 and 750 nm. The biomass of the lake indicates that the lake is a productive one. The factors responsible for the observed temporal variations in the physical, chemical and biological features of the lake are discussed.

scholarly journals Neutrophilic Iron-Oxidizing “Zetaproteobacteria” and Mild Steel Corrosion in Nearshore Marine Environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce M. McBeth ◽  
Brenda J. Little ◽  
Richard I. Ray ◽  
Katherine M. Farrar ◽  
David Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Mild Steel Corrosion ◽  
Laboratory Microcosm

ABSTRACTMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of mild steel in seawater is an expensive and enduring problem. Little attention has been paid to the role of neutrophilic, lithotrophic, iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) in MIC. The goal of this study was to determine if marine FeOB related toMariprofundusare involved in this process. To examine this, field incubations and laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted. Mild steel samples incubated in nearshore environments were colonized by marine FeOB, as evidenced by the presence of helical iron-encrusted stalks diagnostic of the FeOBMariprofundus ferrooxydans, a member of the candidate class “Zetaproteobacteria.” Furthermore,Mariprofundus-like cells were enriched from MIC biofilms. The presence ofZetaproteobacteriawas confirmed using aZetaproteobacteria-specific small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene primer set to amplify sequences related toM. ferrooxydansfrom both enrichments andin situsamples of MIC biofilms. Temporalin situincubation studies showed a qualitative increase in stalk distribution on mild steel, suggesting progressive colonization by stalk-forming FeOB. We also isolated a novel FeOB, designatedMariprofundussp. strain GSB2, from an iron oxide mat in a salt marsh. Strain GSB2 enhanced uniform corrosion from mild steel in laboratory microcosm experiments conducted over 4 days. Iron concentrations (including precipitates) in the medium were used as a measure of corrosion. The corrosion in biotic samples (7.4 ± 0.1 mM) was significantly higher than that in abiotic controls (5.0 ± 0.1 mM). These results have important implications for the role of FeOB in corrosion of steel in nearshore and estuarine environments. In addition, this work shows that the global distribution ofZetaproteobacteriais far greater than previously thought.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Conditions of Bayur Bay Waters On the East and West Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ulung Jantama Wisha ◽  
Try Al Tanto ◽  
Ilham Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Dissolve Oxygen Concentration ◽  
The West ◽  
Value Range ◽  
East And West ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical Degradation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

 Physical construction of Bayur bay coastal area as a port was followed by a variety of environmental issues, both physical degradation of the natural environment, biology reduction and an increase in social problems, directly affect to water quality decreasing in the coastal Bayur Bay. This study aims to determine the concentration distribution of physical and chemical parameters and their influence to water conditions on the east and west season. The method used is descriptive method (data taken by in situ and laboratory analysis), determining the location of sampling points based on purposive sampling method and tide prediction by NAOtide software. The results of field survey and laboratory measurements analysed using statistical method. The speed of sea currents on the east season ranged from 3,48 to 24,9 cm.s-1, while in the West season flow rate ranged from 1,4 to 57,7 cm.s-1. Rainfall in East Season ranged from 0-45 mm and The intensity of rainfall in West Season ranged from 0-30 mm. Sea-surface temperatures in the Eastern season range between 26,2- 31.5 °C, while in the west season SST range from 24,3 to 30,5°C. Dissolve oxygen concentration in the east season range from 4,3 to 6,1 mg.L-1, while the west monsoon conditions range from 4,1 to 6,4 mg.L-1. The pH values ranged from 7,4 to 8,1 in the Eastern season and ranged from 7,12 to 8,27 in the West season. Bayur Bay water quality conditions is not much different from its value range on the west and east season and influencing each other. Keywords: Bayur Bay, Seasons, SST, Statistical method

scholarly journals The Role of Biotic and Abiotic Factors in Prevalence of Cyprinidae Fishes and Trout Parasites in the Fish Farms of Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suleymanova
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

During 2013–2017 years biotic and abiotic of environmental conditions affecting to the extensiveness of invasion by causative agents of carp and trout parasitosis in fish farms in the territory of Azerbaijan Republic were studied. In addition, we studied the seasonal and age dynamics of diseases of the farm fishes. The prevalence of fish parasites infection in hot season (May-July) in comparison with cold month (October) was recorded. Twenty species of parasites from various systematical groups were found: protozoans (4 species); monogenean worms (3 species); cestodes (4 species); trematodes (3 species); nematodes (2 species); acanthocephalans (2 species); crustaceans (2 species). All investigations were conducted by considering of various factors affecting on production of fish. 386 specimens of carp and 415 specimens of trout were examined by the method of full parasitological dissection. We analyzed the physical and chemical conditions of water from the fish pools and other artificial basins in fish farms. In conclusion of our investigation the list of most pathogenic species of cultivated parasites were composed: Metechinorhyncnus truttae, Acanthocephalus clavulae, Paradilepis scolecina, Proteocephalus torulosus, Rhabdochon agnedini.

scholarly journals Primorskoye epithermal Ag-Au deposit (Northeast of Russia): geologic aspects, mineralogic and geochemical features, and ore formation conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
N. E. Savva ◽  
A. V. Volkov ◽  
A. A. Sidorov ◽  
E. E. Kolova ◽  
K. Yu. Murashov
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Epithermal Deposit ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

As a potentially large Ag-Au epithermal deposit, Primorskoye comprises the following three areas: Kholodny, Spiridonych, and Teply. This deposit is located in the Omsukchan district of the Magadan Region, where similar deposits, including Dukat, Lunnoye, Goltsovoye, Arylakh, Tidit, and Perevalnoye, have developed. The deposit can be attributed to the Kalalagian volcano-tectonic depression and is localized in a flat-lying rock mass in the Late Cretaceous ignimbrites and rhyolites having thicknesses of greater than 700 m, which is cut through by numerous dykes of medium and major composition. According to the drilling data, the solid mass of leucocratic granites is located in deposits at a depth of 400–500 m with outcrops in the northeastern part of the ore field. The presence of Bi-containing galena and matildite, the availability of mid and high temperature facies of metasomatites (epidote and actinolite), and the specific physical and chemical conditions during the formation of the epithermal Ag-Au ores indicate the intrusive position above and the role of granitoids as generators of high temperature magmatic fluids, which introduced Bi and heated the rocks enclosing the mineralization. The geochemical features of the ores are well correlated with their mineral compositions. The high concentrations of Mn and Ag, elevated concentration of Au, low concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, As, Bi, and Te, low sum of REE, and negative Eu- and positive Се-anomalies were observed. The high values of the Te/Se, Sr/Ba, Y/Ho, and U/Th indicators in the ores are associated with the deposit location in the zone of granitoid massif effect. Further, the physical and chemical parameters of ore formation in the Teply area are unusual and are characterized by high temperatures, low concentrations of salts, and fluid density, which are indicative of the typical “dry steam” conditions. The obtained results allow the Primorskoye epithermal deposit to be attributed to the intermediate class. The information present in the article is practically valuable for the regional forecast and metallogenic developments as well as for searching and assessing the epithermal Ag-Au deposits.

Quantitative Environmental Assessment for Deep-Sea Mining: Status and Approaches

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
The World ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Alternative Resource

Deep-sea mining has been a subject of interest for several groups and countries for over four decades, due to its potential for the economic recovery of large reserves of minerals that would provide an alternative resource of strategic metals for industrial development. A deep-sea mining operation will offer a variety of challenges, owing to deep-sea mineral occurrences, extreme physical and chemical conditions and unknown environmental settings. Owing to growing concern for the environmental impact of deep-sea mining, multi-disciplinary environmental studies have been progressive in many countries. The historic approaches in the world are summarized. The important role of quantified environmental assessment for deep-sea mining is introduced. Some efforts necessary for keeping benthic habitat safe and sustainable in the coming commercial mining phases are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document