Methane potential and biodegradability of rice straw, rice husk and rice residues from the drying process

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Contreras ◽  
H. Schelle ◽  
C. R. Sebrango ◽  
I. Pereda
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Rice Residues

Agricultural solid residues are a potential renewable energy source. Rice harvesting and production in Sancti Spíritus province, Cuba, currently generates residues without an environmentally sustainable disposal route. Rice residues (rice straw, rice husk and rice residues from the drying process) are potentially an important carbon source for anaerobic digestion. For this paper, rice residues were placed for 36 days retention time in anaerobic batch reactor environments at both mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. Biogas and methane yield were determined as well as biogas composition. The results showed that rice straw as well as rice residues from the drying process had the highest biogas and methane yield. Temperature played an important role in determining both biogas yield and kinetics. In all cases, rice straw produced the highest yields; under mesophilic conditions the biogas yield was 0.43 m3 kgVS−1, under thermophilic conditions biogas yield reached 0.52 m3 kgVS−1. In the case of the rice husk, the biodegradability was very low. Methane content in all batches was kept above 55% vol. All digested material had a high carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio, even though significant biodegradation was recorded with the exception of rice husk. A first-order model can be used to describe the rice crop residues fermentation effectively.

The Effect of Alkali Pretreatment of Rice Straw for Anaerobic Digestion

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2555-2558
Author(s):  
Ping Ai ◽  
Yuan Yuan Wang ◽  
Yan Lin Zhang ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
Shui Ping Yan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Biogas Yield

The anaerobic digestion is an efficient utilization way of crop residues and alkali pretreatment are often used to enhance the degradation. Alkali pretreatment based on Ca(OH)2addition of rice straw was studied.The tests of 3 g/l, 9 g/l Ca(OH)2 addition had an significant effect on enhancing solubilization and rapid acidification, the results were 1521.2 gCOD/l and 935 ml biogas yield of 3 g/l Ca(OH)2addition, 1600.7 gCOD/l and 1200 ml biogas yield of 9 g/l Ca(OH)2addition , compared to 405.5 gCOD/l and 1162 ml of control( 0 g/l Ca(OH)2addition) . The results also showed that tests of 15 g/l , 21 g/l of Ca(OH)2addition were entirely inhibited to biogas yield. The result of the present work implied that although alkali pretreatment to rice straw can significantly enhance solubilization, the inhibition to methane yield was liable to occur.

scholarly journals Steam Explosion Conditions Highly Influence the Biogas Yield of Rice Straw

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Steinbach ◽  
Dominik Wüst ◽  
Simon Zielonka ◽  
Johannes Krümpel ◽  
Simon Munder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Severity Parameter

Straws are agricultural residues that can be used to produce biomethane by anaerobic digestion. The methane yield of rice straw is lower than other straws. Steam explosion was investigated as a pretreatment to increase methane production. Pretreatment conditions with varying reaction times (12–30 min) and maximum temperatures (162–240 °C) were applied. The pretreated material was characterized for its composition and thermal and morphological properties. When the steam explosion was performed with a moderate severity parameter of S0 = 4.1 min, the methane yield was increased by 32% compared to untreated rice straw. This study shows that a harsher pretreatment at S0 > 4.3 min causes a drastic reduction of methane yield because inert condensation products are formed from hemicelluloses.

scholarly journals Original Research Article Biogas Yield from Anaerobic Batch Co-Digestion of Rice Husk and Zebu Dung

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Ondrej Cundr ◽  
Dagmar Haladova
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Single Substrate

Abstract The main objective of this work was to test the suitability of rice husk waste biomass for anaerobic digestion and to examine the energy potential of the co-digestion of rice husk with zebu dung. Rice husk and zebu dung were studied under batch anaerobic conditions as separate wastes as well as mixed in various proportions. All experiments were carried out at 5% of total solids. The methane yield achieved by single substrate digestion of rice husk and zebu dung was 13.9 l and 44.58 l CH4/kg volatile solids (VS), respectively. The co-digestion of 50% total solids (TS) rice straw with 50% total solids zebu dung gave the result of 38.42 l CH4/kg VS. According to these results, the degradation and methane production potential of rice husk were not sufficient and it was found that this residue material is less suitable for single substrate digestion without additional pretreatment than for co-digestion. Even if co-digestion of rice husk with zebu dung improved the digestibility of rice husk and hence increased the biogas production, the methane yield was lower in comparison with the result for zebu dung, due to the high lignin content in rice husk. Nevertheless, the proof of digestibility of rice husk showed the possibility of rational exploitation of this waste material.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Alkaline Pretreatment of Rice Straw for Enhanced Methane Yield

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilin Song ◽  
Gaihe Yang ◽  
Xinhui Han ◽  
Yongzhong Feng ◽  
Guangxin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Lime Pretreatment ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Pretreatment Time

The lime pretreatment process for rice straw was optimized to enhance the biodegradation performance and increase biogas yield. The optimization was implemented using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken experimental design. The effects of biodegradation, as well as the interactive effects of Ca(OH)2concentration, pretreatment time, and inoculum amount on biogas improvement, were investigated. Rice straw compounds, such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, were significantly degraded with increasing Ca(OH)2concentration. The optimal conditions for the use of pretreated rice straw in anaerobic digestion were 9.81% Ca(OH)2(w/w TS), 5.89 d treatment time, and 45.12% inoculum content, which resulted in a methane yield of 225.3 mL/g VS. A determination coefficient (R2) of 96% was obtained, indicating that the model used to predict the anabolic digestion process shows a favorable fit with the experimental parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of pyrolysis temperature on Si release of alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar and plant response

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Negar D. Tafti ◽  
Jim J. Wang ◽  
Xudong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Lower Temperature

AbstractRecent studies have shown that silicon (Si) dissolution from biochar may be influenced by the pyrolysis temperature. In addition, the enhancement of biochar by treatment with alkali has been proposed to produce a Si source that can be used for environmentally friendly plant disease control. In this study, biochars from rice straw and rice husk pretreated with KOH, CaO and K2CO3 and then pyrolyzed at 350, 450 and 550 °C were prepared to evaluate the effects of pyrolysis temperature on Si release and plant uptake from alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar. Extractable Si and dissolution Si from the prepared biochars were assessed by different short-term chemical methods and long-term (30-day) release in dilute acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, along with a rice potting experiment in greenhouse. For both rice straw- and husk-derived alkali-enhanced biochars (RS-10KB and HS-10K2B, respectively), increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 550 °C generally had the highest extractable Si and increased Si content extracted by 5-day sodium carbonate and ammonium nitrate (5dSCAN) designated for fertilizer Si by 61–142%, whereas non-enhanced biochars had more extractable Si at 350 °C. The alkali-enhanced biochars produced at 550 °C pyrolysis temperature also released 82–172% and 27–79% more Si than that of 350 °C produced biochar in unbuffered weak acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, over 30 days. In addition, alkali-enhanced biochars, especially that derived from rice husk at 550 °C facilitated 6–21% greater Si uptake by rice and 44–101% higher rice grain yields than lower temperature biochars, non-enhanced biochars, or conventional Si fertilizers (wollastonite and silicate calcium slag). Overall, this study demonstrated that 550 °C is more efficient than lower pyrolysis temperature for preparing alkali-enhanced biochar to improve Si release for plant growth.

scholarly journals Co-Digestion of Rice Straw with Cow Manure in an Innovative Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion Technology: Performance Evaluation and Trace Elements

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2561
Author(s):  
Furqan Muhayodin ◽  
Albrecht Fritze ◽  
Oliver Christopher Larsen ◽  
Marcel Spahr ◽  
Vera Susanne Rotter
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Cu And Zn

Rice straw is an agricultural residue produced in abundant quantities. Open burning and plowing back the straw to the fields are common practices for its disposal. In-situ incorporation and burning cause emissions of greenhouse gas and particulate matter. Additionally, the energy potential of rice straw is lost. Anaerobic digestion is a technology that can be potentially used to utilize the surplus rice straw, provide renewable energy, circulate nutrients available in the digestate, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies. An innovative temperature phased anaerobic digestion technology was developed and carried out in a continuous circulating mode of mesophilic and hyperthermophilic conditions in a loop digester (F1). The performance of the newly developed digester was compared with the reference digester (F2) working at mesophilic conditions. Co-digestion of rice straw was carried out with cow manure to optimize the carbon to nitrogen ratio and to provide the essential trace elements required by microorganisms in the biochemistry of methane formation. F1 produced a higher specific methane yield (189 ± 37 L/kg volatile solids) from rice straw compared to F2 (148 ± 36 L/kg volatile solids). Anaerobic digestion efficiency was about 90 ± 20% in F1 and 70 ± 20% in F2. Mass fractions of Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, Cu, and Zn were analyzed over time. The mass fractions of Co, Mo, Cu, and Zn were stable in both digesters. While mass fractions of Fe and Ni were reduced at the end of the digestion period. However, no direct relationship between specific methane yield and reduced mass fraction of Fe and Ni was found. Co-digestion of rice straw with cow manure seems to be a good approach to provide trace elements except for Se.

Production and utilization of crop residues for ruminant feeding in Aliero Lga Of Kebbi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
M.A. Muftau ◽  
A.A. Kwaido ◽  
M.S. Ayuba ◽  
N. Kadi ◽  
A. Tambuwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Self Production ◽  
Land Size

An investigation of the production and utilization of crop residues for ruminant feeding in five villages within Aliero Local Government Area of Kebbi State was carried out using a structured questioner which was administered to 75 respondents. The data collected was analyzed by using simple statistical tool such as frequency distribution and percentage. The study revealed that 47.95% of the respondents were farmers with more than half (52.41%) had 5-8 members in their family. Mixed farming is common to all the respondents with cereal and legumes crops combination alongside with cattle, sheep, and goats rearing. Some crop residues such as maize stover, rice straw, etc are available all year round since they are generated both at rainy and dry season in the study area. Maize/sorghum/millet stovers and groundnut/cowpea straws plays a major part in ruminant feeding in the study area. The level of cultivation, production and utilization of crop residues as observed in this study depends on the land size, season of production and flock size amongst others. Most of the respondents (39.74%) source their crop residues from self-production and the type of crop residues are those from groundnut/cowpea straws, maize/millet/sorghum stovers and rice straws. The present study revealed the potential of crop residues not only as ruminant feeding but also as a means of livelihood among the respondents. Keywords: Production, Utilization, Crop residues, Livestock.

Improving methane yield from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with magnetic rice-straw biochar

2017 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 1058-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Qin ◽  
Haoshu Wang ◽  
Xiangru Li ◽  
Jay Jiayang Cheng ◽  
Weixiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Rice Straw Biochar

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Dryer with Rice Husk Fuel for Agriculture Drying

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Djaeni ◽  
N. Asiah ◽  
S Suherman ◽  
A. Sutanto ◽  
A. Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Heat Efficiency ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Energy usage is crucial aspect on agriculture drying process. This step spends about 70% of total energy in post harvest treatment. The design of efficient dryer with renewable energy source is urgently required due to the limitation of fossil fuel energy. This work discusses the performance of air dehumidification using rice husk fuel as heat source for onion, and paddy drying. Unlike conventional dryer, the humidity of air during the drying was dehumidified by adsorbent. Hence, the driving force of drying can be  kept high.  As consequences, the drying time and energy usage can be reduced. Here, the research was conducted in two step: laboratory and pilot scale tests. Results showed that the lowering air humidity with rice husk fuel has improved the energy efficiency. At operational temperature 60oC, the heat efficiency of 75%  was achieved. 

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