Assessing the performances of low impact development alternatives by long-term simulation for a semi-arid area in Tianjin, northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1740-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Jeanne Huang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Shuai Niu ◽  
Shu H. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Semi Arid

For areas that are urbanized rapidly, the practice of low impact development (LID) has gained an important place in stormwater management and urban planning due to its capability and beneficial effects in restoring the original hydrological cycle. The performances of LID alternatives can vary substantially due to different climate conditions. This study investigated the performances of five LID alternatives under a semi-arid climate in northern China on water balance and flood control. A numerical model, Storm Water Management Model version 5 (US Environmental Protection Agency), was employed to run 10 years’ rainfall events for these objectives. Two evaluation methods were proposed in this study: the efficiency index for water balance and a performance radar chart. The investigation of the five LID alternatives revealed that these LID alternatives functioned differently in flood control and water balance, and porous pavement performed best in all indices except the lag time. The two evaluation methods, in conjunction with the long-term numerical simulation, can facilitate design and decision making by providing a clear picture of the performance and functions for these LID alternatives.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Model-Based Water Balance to Low Impact Development Parameters

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Leimgruber ◽  
Gerald Krebs ◽  
David Camhy ◽  
Dirk Muschalla
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Model Based

Low impact development (LID) strategies aim to mitigate the adverse impacts of urbanization, like the increase of runoff and the decrease of evapotranspiration. Hydrological simulation is a reasonable option to evaluate the LID performance with respect to the complete water balance. The sensitivity of water balance components to LID parameters is important for the modeling and planning process of LIDs. This contribution presents the results of a global sensitivity analysis of model-based water balance components (runoff volume, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge/storage change) using the US Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model to the parameters (e.g., soil thickness, porosity) of a green roof, an infiltration trench, and a bio-retention cell. All results are based on long-term simulations. The water balance and sensitivity analyses are evaluated for the long-term as well as single storm events. The identification of non-influential and most influential LID parameters for the water balance components is the main outcome of this work. Additionally, the influence of the storm event characteristics precipitation depth and antecedent dry period on the sensitivity of water balance components to LID parameters is shown.

scholarly journals Long-term water balance and conceptual model of a semi-arid mountainous catchment

2011 ◽  
Vol 400 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Chauvin ◽  
G.N. Flerchinger ◽  
T.E. Link ◽  
Danny Marks ◽  
A.H. Winstral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Modeling the distributed effects of forest thinning on the long-term water balance and stream flow extremes for a semi-arid basin in the southwestern US

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 10827-10891 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Moreno ◽  
H. V. Gupta ◽  
D. D. White ◽  
D. A. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Forest Thinning ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. To achieve water resources sustainability in the water-limited Southwestern US, it is critical to understand the potential effects of proposed forest thinning on the hydrology of semi-arid basins, where disturbances to headwater catchments can cause significant changes in the local water balance components and basin-wise stream flows. In Arizona, the Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI) is being developed with the goal of restoring 2.4 million acres of ponderosa pine along the Mogollon Rim. Using the physically based, spatially distributed tRIBS model, we examine the potential impacts of the 4FRI on the hydrology of Tonto Creek, a basin in the Verde–Tonto–Salt (VTS) system, which provides much of the water supply for the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. Long-term (20 year) simulations indicate that forest removal can trigger significant shifts in the spatio-temporal patterns of various hydrological components, causing increases in net radiation, surface temperature, wind speed, soil evaporation, groundwater recharge, and runoff, at the expense of reductions in interception and shading, transpiration, vadose zone moisture and snow water equivalent, with south facing slopes being more susceptible to enhanced atmospheric losses. The net effect will likely be increases in mean and maximum stream flow, particularly during El Niño events and the winter months, and chiefly for those scenarios in which soil hydraulic conductivity has been significantly reduced due to thinning operations. In this particular climate, forest thinning can lead to net loss of surface water storage by vegetation and snow pack, increasing the vulnerability of ecosystems and populations to larger and more frequent hydrologic extreme conditions on these semi-arid systems.

Long-Term Annual Water Balance of a Semi-Arid Mountainous Catchment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M Chauvin ◽  
Gerald N Flerchinger ◽  
Timothy E Link ◽  
Danny Marks ◽  
Adam H Winstral
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Annual Water Balance ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Evaluation of Low Impact Development Using EPA SWMM-LID Modeling

10.29007/k8gk ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungho Kim ◽  
Jingul Joo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Technical Content ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Long Term Result ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Stormwater Reduction

This study implemented the evaluation of Low Impact Development (LID) using SWMM-LID model developed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to assess the quantitative performance of LID facilities (seven type of LID facilities installed, vegetation place, plants garden pot, tree filter box, permeable pavement, infiltration ditch, rain barrel, infiltration rain-block). SWMM-LID modeling was useful to reflect the LID design into the model using the technical content representing LID facility in SWMM-LID. In the event-based result, the stormwater reduction was considerable since the reduction in average was 76.6% by the LID facilities. In the long- term result, the range of the reduction in average was 11.5~77.7% for seven types of LID facilities, and the average reduction for the total drainage area was 22.9%. The monthly reduction rate was affected by total rainfall depth and rainfall intensity.

Spatial and temporal variability of soil horizons and long-term solute transport under semi-arid conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Woods ◽  
M. F. Dyck ◽  
R. G. Kachanoski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Semi Arid

Woods, S. A., Dyck, M. F. and Kachanoski, R. G. 2013. Spatial and temporal variability of soil horizons and long-term solute transport under semi-arid conditions. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 173–191. Characterizing the spatial and temporal variability of deep drainage is required for quantifying risks to groundwater resources associated with chemicals released into the soil. A variety of approaches are available to characterize the spatial variability of deep drainage, including complex, spatially explicit hydrological models or simpler, distributed soil water balance models. There is no clear understanding which approach is most appropriate for a given landscape. In this paper we compare the spatial distribution of an applied chloride tracer to pedogenic nitrate and sulphate salts, subject to transport in the soil over decadal to millennial time scales, to characterize the relative spatial and temporal differences in deep drainage at a site in southern Saskatchewan. Comparison of the spatial distribution of the salts with differing soil residence times showed that the soil water balance and deep drainage fluxes have changed significantly over time in some parts of the landscape because of infilling of surface depressions as indicated by the presence of buried A horizons. At larger scales, the distribution of the salts showed very little correspondence to the spatial distribution and thicknesses of soil horizons (often used to infer spatial variability in soil water balance), but was more consistent with the scale of the surface topography. Thus it was concluded that spatial and temporal changes in surface topography (i.e., catchment area) were the primary factors responsible for the observed transport of the salts. We propose that this site is representative of the cold, semi-arid prairies and that these conclusions likely apply to this region.

scholarly journals Modeling the distributed effects of forest thinning on the long-term water balance and streamflow extremes for a semi-arid basin in the southwestern US

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1241-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan A. Moreno ◽  
Hoshin V. Gupta ◽  
Dave D. White ◽  
David A. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Forest Thinning ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Streamflow Extremes ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. To achieve water resource sustainability in the water-limited southwestern US, it is critical to understand the potential effects of proposed forest thinning on the hydrology of semi-arid basins, where disturbances to headwater catchments can cause significant changes in the local water balance components and basinwise streamflows. In Arizona, the Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI) is being developed with the goal of restoring 2.4 million acres of ponderosa pine along the Mogollon Rim. Using the physically based, spatially distributed triangulated irregular network (TIN)-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS) model, we examine the potential impacts of the 4FRI on the hydrology of Tonto Creek, a basin in the Verde–Tonto–Salt (VTS) system, which provides much of the water supply for the Phoenix metropolitan area. Long-term (20-year) simulations indicate that forest removal can trigger significant shifts in the spatiotemporal patterns of various hydrological components, causing increases in net radiation, surface temperature, wind speed, soil evaporation, groundwater recharge and runoff, at the expense of reductions in interception and shading, transpiration, vadose zone moisture and snow water equivalent, with south-facing slopes being more susceptible to enhanced atmospheric losses. The net effect will likely be increases in mean and maximum streamflow, particularly during El Niño events and the winter months, and chiefly for those scenarios in which soil hydraulic conductivity has been significantly reduced due to thinning operations. In this particular climate, forest thinning can lead to net loss of surface water storage by vegetation and snowpack, increasing the vulnerability of ecosystems and populations to larger and more frequent hydrologic extreme conditions on these semi-arid systems.

scholarly journals Hydrological cycle of natural veld in the Central Orange Free State

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Snyman ◽  
W. L. J. Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Free State ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Grazing Ecosystem ◽  
Semi Arid

The hydrological cycle, which determines the water balance of the grazing ecosystem, is discussed. This cycle can be separated into a number of intermediate processes, each of which influences the water balance. These intermediate processes include surface runoff, evapotranspiration, percolation, infiltration and the storage of water in the ecosystem. Practical guidelines to increase the effectivity of the available rainfall for aboveground phytomass production, in arid and semi-arid regions, are discussed.

scholarly journals The model and simulation of low impact development of the sponge airport, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng ◽  
Jiayi Ouyang ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Xinchen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Airport Runway

Abstract Recently urban waterlogging problems have become more and more serious, and the construction of an airport runway makes the impervious area of the airport high, which leads to the deterioration of the water environment and frequent waterlogging disasters. It is of great significance to design and construct the sponge airport with low impact development (LID) facilities. In this paper, we take catchment N1 of Beijing Daxing International Airport as a case study. The LID facilities are designed and the runoff process of a heavy rainfall in catchment N1 is simulated before and after the implementation of LID facilities. The results show that the total amount of surface runoff, the number of overflow junctions and full-flow conduits of the rainwater drainage system in catchment N1 of Beijing Daxing International Airport are significantly reduced after the implementation of the LID facilities. Therefore, the application of LID facilities has greatly improved the ability of the airport to remove rainwater and effectively alleviated the risk of waterlogging in the airport flight area. This study provides theoretical support for airport designers and managers to solve flood control and rainwater drainage problems and has vital practical significance.

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