Adsorption of Zn2+ and Ni2+ in a binary aqueous solution by biosorbents derived from sawdust and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Tinashe Musarurwa ◽  
Phillip Nyamugafata ◽  
Nhamo Chaukura ◽  
Allen Chaparadza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Initial Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
The Relationship

The Zn2+ and Ni2+ adsorption capacities of six biosorbents derived from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (WH) and sawdust (SD) were investigated, with activated carbon as the control. The biosorbents were raw biomass (WH, SD), charred WH (BWH) and SD and sulphonated bio-chars of WH and SD. The effect of the initial solution pH and Zn2+ and Ni2+ concentrations on adsorption capacity was studied, and adsorption isotherms for Zn2+ and Ni2+ evaluated. The initial solution pH significantly influenced adsorption (p < 0.05) but the relationship was generally nonlinear. Zn2+ suppressed Ni2+ adsorption on all biosorbents. The adsorption capacities of the biosorbents were statistically (p ≤ 0.05) similar to or higher than that of activated carbon. The effects of pyrolysis and bio-char sulphonation on adsorption were inconsistent and dependent on biomass type; in most cases bio-char was a better biosorbent than the original biomass, while sulphonation resulted in less or comparable adsorption. Adsorption data obeyed at least one of three isotherms (linear, Langmuir and Freundlich) (r2 = 0.90-0.995, p < 0.05). The study revealed that low-cost biosorbents may be used as alternatives to activated carbon in applications including selective separation of Zn2+ from multi-metal ion solutions containing Ni2+, and water and wastewater treatment.

Comparative studies on adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions by biosorbent, bio-char and activated carbon obtained from low cost agro-residue

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çisem Kırbıyık ◽  
Ayşe Eren Pütün ◽  
Ersan Pütün
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

In this study, Fe(III) and Cr(III) metal ion adsorption processes were carried out with three adsorbents in batch experiments and their adsorption performance was compared. These adsorbents were sesame stalk without pretreatment, bio-char derived from thermal decomposition of biomass, and activated carbon which was obtained from chemical activation of biomass. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform–infrared techniques were used for characterization of adsorbents. The optimum conditions for the adsorption process were obtained by observing the influences of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial solution concentration, contact time and temperature. The optimum adsorption efficiencies were determined at pH 2.8 and pH 4.0 for Fe(III) and Cr(III) metal ion solutions, respectively. The experimental data were modelled by different isotherm models and the equilibriums were well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetic, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich models were applied to analyze the kinetic data and to evaluate rate constants. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave a better fit than the others. The thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibbs free energy change ΔG°, standard enthalpy change ΔH° and standard entropy change ΔS° were evaluated. The thermodynamic study showed the adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process.

scholarly journals Using Pomegranate Peel and Date Pit Activated Carbon for the Removal of Cadmium and Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wedad A. Al-Onazi ◽  
Mohamed H.H. Ali ◽  
Tahani Al-Garni
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pomegranate Peel

Some agricultural byproducts are useful for solving wastewater pollution problems. These byproducts are of low cost and are effective and ecofriendly. The study aim was to investigate the possibility of using pomegranate peel (PP) and date pit (DP) activated carbon (PPAC and DPAC, respectively) as sorbents to remove Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Agricultural wastes of DPs and PPs were subjected to carbonization and chemical activation with H3PO4 (60%) and ZnCl2 and used as adsorbents to remove Cd(II) and Pb(II) from their aqueous solutions. The physical characterizations of PPAC and DPAC, including determination of surface area, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, were performed. The following factors affected adsorption: solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, and contact time. These factors were studied to identify the optimal adsorption conditions. The results showed that the maximum adsorptions of Cd(II) and Pb(II) were achieved at pH ranging from 6 to 6.5, 90 min contact time, and 0.5 g/L for PPAC and 1 g/L for DPAC dosage. Furthermore, the adsorption efficiencies for both Pb(II) and Cd(II) were higher for PPAC than for DPAC. However, the recorded Qmax values for PPAC were 68.6 and 53.8 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cd(II) and for DPAC were 34.18 and 32.90 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model fit the adsorption data better than the Freundlich model. Kinetically, the adsorption reaction followed a pseudo-second-order reaction model, with qe ranging from 12.0 to 22.37 mg/g and an R2 value of 0.99.

Modification of granular activated carbon using low molecular weight polymer for enhanced removal of Cu2 +  from aqueous solution

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Yin ◽  
M.K. Aroua ◽  
W.M.A.W. Daud
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Initial Solution ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Surface Impregnation ◽  
Better Than

Palm shell activated carbon was modified via surface impregnation with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to enhance removal of Cu2 +  from aqueous solution in this study. The effect of PEI modification on batch adsorption of Cu2 +  as well as the equilibrium behavior of adsorption of metal ions on activated carbon were investigated. PEI modification clearly increased the Cu2 +  adsorption capacities by 68% and 75.86% for initial solution pH of 3 and 5 respectively. The adsorption data of Cu2 +  on both virgin and PEI-modified AC for both initial solution pH of 3 and 5 fitted the Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson isotherms considerably better than the Freundlich isotherm.

scholarly journals Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Ambaye ◽  
M. Vaccari ◽  
E. D. van Hullebusch ◽  
A. Amrane ◽  
S. Rtimi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Temperature Solution

AbstractCurrently, due to the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization in developing countries, a large volume of wastewater is produced from industries that contain chemicals generating high environmental risks affecting human health and the economy if not treated properly. Consequently, the development of a sustainable low-cost wastewater treatment approach has attracted more attention of policymakers and scientists. The present review highlights the recent applications of biochar in removing organic and inorganic pollutants present in industrial effluents. The recent modes of preparation, physicochemical properties and adsorption mechanisms of biochar in removing organic and inorganic industrial pollutants are also reviewed comprehensively. Biochar showed high adsorption of industrial dyes up to 80%. It also discusses the recent application and mechanism of biochar-supported photocatalytic materials for the degradation of organic contaminants in wastewater. We reviewed also the possible optimizations (such as the pyrolysis temperature, solution pH) allowing the increase of the adsorption capabilities of biochar leading to organic contaminants removal. Besides, increasing the pyrolysis temperature of the biochar was seen to lead to an increase in its surface area, while it decreases their amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, consequently leading to a decrease in the adsorption of metal (loid) ions present in the medium. Finally, the review suggests that more research should be carried out to optimize the main parameters involved in biochar production and its regeneration methods. Future efforts should be also carried out towards process engineering to improve its adsorption capacity to increase the economic benefits of its implementation.

scholarly journals Removal of Orange G Dye from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption: A Short Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Orange G

Adsorption is a widely used technique for wastewater remediation. The process is effective and economical for the removal of various pollutants from wastewater, including dyes. Moreover, Besides commercial activated carbon, different low-cost materials such as agricultural and industrial wastes are now used as adsorbents. The present review focused on the removal of a teratogenic and carcinogenic dye, orange G (OG) via adsorption using several adsorbents, together with the experimental conditions and their adsorption capacities. Based on the information compiled, various adsorbents have shown promising potential for OG removal.

Investigation of ORR Performances on Graphene/Phthalocyanine Nanocomposite in Neutral Medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1416-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumita Mukherjee ◽  
Madhupriya Samanta ◽  
Gour P. Das ◽  
Kalyan K. Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Neutral Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Onset Potential

AbstractThe drive to replace scarce and expensive Pt-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has led to the development of a group of electrocatalysts composed of transition-metal ion centers coordinated with four nitrogen groups (M-N4). Among these, metal phthalocyanines (MPcs), due to low cost of preparation, highly conjugated structure as well as high thermal and chemical stability, have received a great interest. The catalytic activity of MPcs can be improved by employing conducting supports. Here, in this report, we have solvothermally synthesized graphene-supported zinc phthalocyanine nanostructures, and their ORR kinetics and mechanism have been investigated in neutral solution (pH = 7) by using the rotating disk electrode technique. The as-synthesized nanocomposite followed a 4e− reduction pathway. The onset potential (−0.04 V versus Ag/AgCl) found in this work can be comparable with other state-of-the-art material, demonstrating good performance in neutral solution. The fascinating performance leads the nanocomposite material toward future energy applications.

Effects of the functional groups attached to aromatic organic compounds on their adsorption onto preloaded activated carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1799-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhaoyang ◽  
Jiang Bicun ◽  
Li Aimin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hydrophobic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Stacking ◽  
Micropore Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
The Relationship

The adsorption of phenol, p-nitrophenol, aniline, and nitrobenzene onto a commercial granular activated carbon (GAC: F400) preloaded with tannic acid (TA), a model background contaminant, was investigated. Compared with virgin GAC, the adsorption capacities of the four selected aromatic organic compounds (AOCs) onto GACs preloaded with TA at three densities were affected significantly. Also, the relationship between the adsorption capacities of AOCs and the characteristics of GACs was further discussed and clarified in this manuscript. The differences in the functional groups attached to the AOCs did not affect the similar linear relationship between the micropore surface area and their capacities to AOCs. However, the adsorption capacities of AOCs on TA-loaded GAC were affected by the different functional groups on the four AOCs: 67.6% of the capacity of aniline for virgin F400 remained on F400c (a preloaded GAC), compared with 23.8, 25.9, and 36.5% of phenol, p-nitrophenol, and nitrobenzene, respectively. The diversity of adsorption behavior of the four AOCs with different substituents was the result of hybrid contributions, such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic effect and aromatic stacking.

scholarly journals Composting: A Low-cost Biotechnological Approach to Ameliorating Macrophyte Nuisance in Fresh Waters

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Ogochukwu Ann Udume ◽  
Gideon O. Abu ◽  
Herbert Okechukwu Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Biotechnological Approach ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), an aquatic macrophyte, is a resource that has attracted a lot of interest in recent times. The physicochemical constituents of Eichhornia crassipes have been reported in some literature to constitute high carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium including other important micro and macronutrient like potassium and zinc. These findings by scientists informed its utilization in the assemblage of animal feed, bio-energy generation, pharmaceutical industries, and biofilters. The bioconversions of this problematic plant to various products (compost, biochar, and digestate) are green inexpensive options to be considered for use in the restoration of hydrocarbon polluted sites is reviewed in the paper. In addition to crude oil pollution clean-ups, compost improves soil fertility and also increases its organic matter content. This article also shall review composting, Water Hyacinth compost applications in remediation, remediation monitoring parameters, limitations of remediation by composting technology, and the way forward.

scholarly journals Methylene Blue removal from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from N. microphyllum (AC-NM): RSM analysis, isotherms and kinetic studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Layer Adsorption ◽  
Water And Wastewater

This study was conducted to remove Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from N. microphyllum (AC-NM) as a new, cheap, and non-toxic. Design of experiments based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) conducted to investigate the effect of variables namely; initial dye concentration, pH, contact time and absorbent dosage. An empirical model was developed applying ANOVA analysis. The interaction effects of all factors and their optimization have been carried out using RSM. Dye removal efficiency increased to more than 90% with increasing pH and initial concentration of dye from 3 to 11 and 10 to 210 mg/L, respectively under 1.1 to 1.4 g/L of absorbent dosage. Among factors, initial concentration of MB known as an important factor with P- value <0.0001. The experimental data are fitted with Freundlich model based on multi layer adsorption states (R2=0.99). The adsorption kinetics well described by second order model with R2 = 0.98. This novel absorbent has different advantages such as low cost, high ability to absorb pollutants and easily available that can be suggested for water and wastewater treatment.

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