Optimization of permeate flux produced by solar energy driven membrane distillation process using central composite design approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah T. Bouguecha ◽  
Ali Boubakri ◽  
Samir E. Aly ◽  
Mohammad H. Al-Beirutty ◽  
Mohamed M. Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Central Composite

Membrane distillation (MD) is considered as a relatively high-energy requirement. To overcome this drawback, it is recommended to couple the MD process with solar energy as the renewable energy source in order to provide heat energy required to optimize its performance to produce permeate flux. In the present work, an original solar energy driven direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) pilot plant was built and tested under actual weather conditions at Jeddah, KSA, in order to model and optimize permeate flux. The dependency of permeate flux on various operating parameters such as feed temperature (46.6–63.4°C), permeate temperature (6.6–23.4°C), feed flow rate (199–451L/h) and permeate flow rate (199–451L/h) was studied by response surface methodology based on central composite design approach. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that all independent variables had significant influence on the model (where P-value <0.05). The high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9644 and Radj2 = 0.9261) obtained by ANOVA demonstrated good correlation between experimental and predicted values of the response. The optimized conditions, determined using desirability function, were Tf = 63.4°C, Tp = 6.6°C, Qf = 451L/h and Qp = 451L/h. Under these conditions, the maximum permeate flux of 6.122kg/m2.h was achieved, which was close to the predicted value of 6.398kg/m2.h.

scholarly journals Application of central composite design approach for optimization nitrate removal from aqueous solution by immobilized Pseudomonas putida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa E. El-Sesy ◽  
Sabah S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
P Value ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract High Nitrate concentration represented as one dangerous pollutant in the environment. Immobilization for the best denitrifying bacterial strain isolated from collected wastewater samples was suggested for bioremediation excessive nitrate concentration from aqueous solutions and explored its denitrification activity under different factors as (pH, nitrate concentration, bacterial beads, Temp and sodium alginate concentration). The active isolate was identified as Pseudomonas putida MT364822.1 by 16S rRNA analysis. Nitrate bioremediation process was optimized by apply response surface method based on central composite design approach. Nitrate uptake was significantly affected by variables of study (p-value <0.05). Maximum removal of nitrate 91.1% was obtained from pH 7, nitrate concentration 400 mg/L, immobilized bacterial beads 3.0 g/L, Temp 35 °C and sodium alginate concentration 2.5% as optimal variable values. For application, immobilized Pseudomonas putida MT364822.1 removed nitrate with 82.2% from raw fish farm effluent. Storage and reusability experiments showed the strength and stability of immobilized strain more than pure. The results suggested that, immobilized Pseudomonas putida MT364822.1 is a highly promising and suitable microorganism to be used in bio-removal of nitrate and central composite design was more effective in optimization variables to obtain the highest nitrate removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Modelling and optimisation of oxidative desulphurisation of tyre-derived oil via central composite design approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tumwet Cherop ◽  
Sammy Lewis Kiambi ◽  
Paul Musonge
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cubic Model ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Sulphur Removal

Abstract The aim of this study was to apply the central composite design technique to study the interaction of the amount of formic acid (6-12 mL), amount of hydrogen peroxide (6-10 mL), temperature (54-58°C) and reaction time (40-60 min) during the oxidative desulphurisation (ODS) of tyre-derived oil (TDO). The TDO was oxidised at various parametric interactions before being subjected to solvent extraction using acetonitrile. The acetonitrile to oil ratios used during the extraction were 1:1 and 1:2. The content of sulphur before and after desulphurisation was analysed using ICP-AES. The maximum sulphur removal achieved using a 1:1 acetonitrile to oxidised oil ratio was 86.05%, and this was achieved at formic acid amount, hydrogen peroxide amount, temperature and a reaction time of 9 mL, 8 mL, 54°C and 50 min respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the reduced cubic model could best predict the sulphur removal for the ODS process. Coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9776), adjusted R2 = 0.9254, predicted R2 = 0.8356 all indicated that the model was significant. In addition, the p-value of lack of fit (LOF) was 0.8926, an indication of its insignificance relative to pure error.

scholarly journals Analytical Method Development Using Central Composite Design for Estimation of Lamotrigine in Lipid Nanoformulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Puja K Gangurde ◽  
Navya Ajitkumar Bhaskaran ◽  
Ruchi Verma ◽  
JOBIN Jose ◽  
Lalit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Central Composite

Objective of this study was to develop and validate HPLC-UV method for detection of LTG in lipid nanoformulations. HPLC-UV method was developed according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Central composite design was used effectively to optimize and study the effect of buffer strength, flow rate, pH of buffer and mobile phase composition on responses such as tailing factor, peak area, retention time and number of theoretical plates. The 30 mM ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile (in the ratio 65:35 %v/v) was used as mobile phase in the study. The mobile phase was delivered at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection of buffer was performed at 256 nm using UV detector. The drug entrapment of prepared formulation was also determined using developed HPLC method. Retention time of lamotrigine was found to be 3.844 min. The coefficient of determination (r2) value from linearity was found to be 0.9982. Percent relative standard deviation value of precision was found to be within the acceptable range. The estimated LOD and LOQ were found to be 9.07 ng/mL and 27.48 ng/mL, respectively. Drug entrapment of prepared lipid nanoformulation was found to be 73.44 � 6.65%. The results conclude that the developed analytical method is simple, precise, sensitive, fast and reproducible. Applications of developed method for determination of drug entrapment in prepared lipid nanoformulation confirmed that the developed analytical method is suitable for estimation of lamotrigine in lipid nanoformulations.

scholarly journals A Comparison Study of Brine Desalination using Direct Contact and Air Gap Membrane Distillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shamil Khalaf ◽  
Asrar Abdullah Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Air Gap Membrane Distillation ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Feed Temperature

Membrane distillation (MD) is a hopeful desalination technique for brine (salty) water. In this research, Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) and  Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) will be used. The sample used is from Shat Al –Arab water (TDS=2430 mg/l). A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet membrane was used as a flat sheet form with a plate and frame cell. Several parameters were studied, such as; operation time, feed temperature, permeate temperature, feed flow rate. The results showed that with time, the flux decreases because of the accumulated fouling and scaling on the membrane surface. Feed temperature and feed flow rate had a positive effect on the permeate flux, while permeate temperature had a reverse effect on permeate flux. It is noticeable that the flux in DCMD is greater than AGMD, at the same conditions. The flux in DCMD is 10.95LMH, and that in AGMD is 7.14 LMH.  In AGMD, the air gap layer made a high resistance. Here the temperature transport reduces in the permeate side of AGMD due to the air gap resistance. The heat needed for AGMD is lower than DCMD, this leads to low permeate flux because the temperature difference between the two sides is very small, so the driving force (vapor pressure) is low.                                                                                               

scholarly journals Performance Investigation of O-Ring Vacuum Membrane Distillation Module for Water Desalination

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Alhathal Alanezi ◽  
H. Abdallah ◽  
E. El-Zanati ◽  
Adnan Ahmad ◽  
Adel O. Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Membrane Module ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Vacuum Degree ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Vacuum Membrane Distillation ◽  
Feed Temperature

A new O-ring flat sheet membrane module design was used to investigate the performance of Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) for water desalination using two commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet hydrophobic membranes. The design of the membrane module proved its applicability for achieving a high heat transfer coefficient of the order of 103 (W/m2 K) and a high Reynolds number (Re). VMD experiments were conducted to measure the heat and mass transfer coefficients within the membrane module. The effects of the process parameters, such as the feed temperature, feed flow rate, vacuum degree, and feed concentration, on the permeate flux have been investigated. The feed temperature, feed flow rate, and vacuum degree play an important role in enhancing the performance of the VMD process; therefore, optimizing all of these parameters is the best way to achieve a high permeate flux. The PTFE membrane showed better performance than the PVDF membrane in VMD desalination. The obtained water flux is relatively high compared to that reported in the literature, reaching 43.8 and 52.6 (kg/m2 h) for PVDF and PTFE, respectively. The salt rejection of NaCl was higher than 99% for both membranes.

OPTIMIZATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD BY 32 – CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN FOR THE VALIDATION AND ESTIMATION OF DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE IN BULK DRUG AND FORMULATIONS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
C Dhal ◽  
◽  
F. J. Ahmad ◽  
M. Singhal ◽  
A. Kukrety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Doxycycline Hyclate ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Bulk Drug ◽  
Central Composite

An accurate, sensitive, precise, economic and rapid isocratic Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography method was developed complying Quality by Design (QbD) trends and validated for determining doxycycline hyclate in bulk drug, tablet and capsule dosage form. The method was optimized using Minitab software with 3 factors (pH of the buffer, flow rate and percentage of buffer in the mobile phase), 2 level (higher limit and lower limit) Central Composite Design (CCD). The results of randomized 20 runs were analyzed for optimum composite desirability to give optimum conditions such as, pH 6.5, flow rate 0.9 mLmin-1 and 30:70 V/V 0.05M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer adjusted to pH 6.5 using orthophosphoric acid and methanol using C8 column 250 X 4.6 mm X 5.0 μm, injection volume of 10uL, ambient column temperature and ultraviolet detection using photo diode array detector at 360nm as constants. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and was found linear over a concentration range of 10-100 μg/mL (r2 = 0.999) with the limits of detection and quantification being 2.45 μg/mL and 7.55 μg/mL respectively.

scholarly journals Carbon dots as absorbance promoter probes for detection of Cu(ii) ions in aqueous solution: central composite design approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. R. Shahamirifard ◽  
M. Ghaedi ◽  
M. Montazerozohori ◽  
A. Masoudiasl
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Determination Of Copper

In this work, the use of carbon dots (CDs) as a complexing agent and sensitizer in a polymeric matrix for determination of copper(ii) by UV-vis spectroscopy is reported for the first time.

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using onsite produced purified lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa FW_SH-1: Central composite design approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaudhry Haider Ali ◽  
Abdul Sattar Qureshi ◽  
Serge Maurice Mbadinga ◽  
Jin-Feng Liu ◽  
Shi-Zhong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Central Composite
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