scholarly journals Detection of extraneous water ingress into the sewer system using tandem methods – a case study in Trondheim city

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beheshti ◽  
S. Sægrov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Water Ingress ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
First Time ◽  
Groundwater Infiltration

Abstract Infiltration and inflow (I/I) of extraneous water in separate sewer systems are serious concerns in urban water management for their environmental, social and economic consequences. Effective reduction of I/I requires knowing where excess water ingress and illicit connections are located. The present study focuses on I/I detection in the foul sewer network of a catchment in Trondheim, Norway, during a period without snowmelt or groundwater infiltration. Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) was used for the first time in Norway to detect I/I sources in tandem with closed-circuit television inspection (CCTV) and smoke testing. DTS was an accurate and feasible method for I/I detection, though it cannot identify exact types of failure and sources of I/I. Therefore, other complementary methods must be used, e.g. CCTV or smoke testing. However, CCTV was not completely useful in confirming the DTS results. This study provides practical insights for the rehabilitation and repair of sewer networks that suffer from the undesirable I/I of extraneous water.

Sediment transport under dry weather conditions in a small sewer system

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Flemming Schlütter ◽  
Kjeld Schaarup-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Initial Results

Increased knowledge of the processes which govern the transport of solids in sewers is necessary in order to develop more reliable and applicable sediment transport models for sewer systems. Proper validation of these are essential. For that purpose thorough field measurements are imperative. This paper renders initial results obtained in an ongoing case study of a Danish combined sewer system in Frejlev, a small town southwest of Aalborg, Denmark. Field data are presented concerning estimation of the sediment transport during dry weather. Finally, considerations on how to approach numerical modelling is made based on numerical simulations using MOUSE TRAP (DHI 1993).

Probabilistic modeling of sewer deterioration using inspection data

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dirksen ◽  
F. H. L. R. Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Historical Databases ◽  
Inspection Data ◽  
Need For Rehabilitation ◽  
Sewer Inspection

Accurate prediction of current and future conditions of sewer systems is crucial to manage the sewer system wisely, cost-effectively and efficiently. The application of historical databases of visual inspection data to sewer deterioration modeling seems common sense. However, in The Netherlands, sewer inspection data is only used to determine the direct need for rehabilitation. This paper outlines the possibilities of using inspection data for deterioration modeling and discusses the problems encountered. A case study was performed on the modeling of the condition aspect ‘surface damage by corrosion or mechanical action’ using a Markov model.

scholarly journals Searching for storm water inflows in foul sewers using fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Schilperoort ◽  
Holger Hoppe ◽  
Cornelis de Haan ◽  
Jeroen Langeveld
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Foul Water

A major drawback of separate sewer systems is the occurrence of illicit connections: unintended sewer cross-connections that connect foul water outlets from residential or industrial premises to the storm water system and/or storm water outlets to the foul sewer system. The amount of unwanted storm water in foul sewer systems can be significant, resulting in a number of detrimental effects on the performance of the wastewater system. Efficient removal of storm water inflows into foul sewers requires knowledge of the exact locations of the inflows. This paper presents the use of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) monitoring data to localize illicit storm water inflows into foul sewer systems. Data results from two monitoring campaigns in foul sewer systems in the Netherlands and Germany are presented. For both areas a number of storm water inflow locations can be derived from the data. Storm water inflow can only be detected as long as the temperature of this inflow differs from the in-sewer temperatures prior to the event. Also, the in-sewer propagation of storm and wastewater can be monitored, enabling a detailed view on advection.

Fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing in combined sewer systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. S. Schilperoort ◽  
F. H. L. R. Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Combined Sewer System ◽  
Fibre Optic Cable ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Single Instrument

This paper introduces the application of fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in combined sewer systems. The DTS-technique uses a fibre-optic cable that is inserted into a combined sewer system in combination with a laser instrument that performs measurements and logs the data. The DTS-technique allows monitoring in-sewer temperatures with dense spatial and temporal resolutions. The installation of a fibre-optic cable in a combined sewer system has proven feasible. The use of a single instrument in an easy accessible and safe location that can simultaneously monitor up to several hundreds of monitoring locations makes the DTS set-up easy in use and nearly free of maintenance. Temperature data from a one-week monitoring campaign in an 1,850 m combined sewer system shows the level of detail with which in-sewer processes that affect wastewater temperatures can be studied. Individual discharges from house-connections can be tracked in time and space. With a dedicated cable configuration the confluence of wastewater flows can be observed with a potential to derive the relative contributions of contributary flows to a total flow. Also, the inflow and in-sewer propagation of stormwater can be monitored.

Infiltration in Sewer Systems: Multi-Criteria Comparison of Investment / Rehabilitation Strategies

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski ◽  
S. Barraud ◽  
P. Le Gauffre ◽  
E. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategies

Within the FP5 European APUSS project (Assessing infiltration and exfiltration on the Performance of Urban Sewer Systems), a methodology has been proposed to account for environmental, technical and economic impacts of infiltration or exfiltration on sewer systems, treatment plants and receiving waters, and to evaluate the consequences of possible investment / rehabilitation strategies. The multi-criteria method Electre III is used to compare and to rank the various strategies, as this method has a high potential adaptability to diverse contexts and objectives. An example of application of the proposed methodology is given for a 245 ha residential catchment equipped with a combined sewer system, including scenarios with different infiltration rates. It shows that the methodology is applicable, but also that validated and site specific information (data, measurements, calibrated models, etc.) is necessary in order to carry out a valuable analysis. Results shall be reviewed carefully and the final decision making process should take into account the context of the study. There is no unique best investment strategy, but several options may be considered depending on priorities and criteria of the sewer operator. The methodology is general, but results of the case study are site specific and cannot be extrapolated.

Design of self-cleansing sanitary sewer systems with the use of flushing devices

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goormans ◽  
D. Engelen ◽  
R. Bouteligier ◽  
P. Willems ◽  
J. Berlamont
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Many European countries tend to shift from constructing combined sewer systems to separate ones, in order to optimise wastewater treatment efficiency and reduce CSO impact on surface waters. An economic design minimises maintenance requirements by aiming at self-cleansing pipes. However, providing the necessary slopes for self-cleansing sanitary sewer pipes often is unfeasible in flat regions, resulting in an increased risk of loss of hydraulic capacity or blocking. To reduce these risks, flushing tanks can be installed in the sewer system. Where most other researchers contribute to a better understanding of the hydraulics of flushing, this paper rather tries to formulate a methodology to design and test flushing devices in sanitary sewer systems using standards and hydrodynamic simulations. Therefore, several aspects that require consideration when incorporating flushing devices into a sanitary sewer system are discussed. For instance, when flushing sanitary sewers the increase in discharge has to be explicitly considered. A Belgian case study is used to investigate the suitability of the developed methodology. Although the pipe slopes in the methodology are derived assuming uniform flow, the simulation results comply with it. Furthermore, pressurisation of the conduits due to multiple flushing waves remains within acceptable limits.

Monitoring the performance of a storm water separating manifold with distributed temperature sensing

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Langeveld ◽  
C. de Haan ◽  
M. Klootwijk ◽  
R. P. S. Schilperoort
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Monitoring Technique ◽  
Impervious Areas

Storm water separating manifolds in house connections have been introduced as a cost effective solution to disconnect impervious areas from combined sewers. Such manifolds have been applied by the municipality of Breda, the Netherlands. In order to investigate the performance of the manifolds, a monitoring technique (distributed temperature sensing or DTS) using fiber optic cables has been applied in the sewer system of Breda. This paper describes the application of DTS as a research tool in sewer systems. DTS proves to be a powerful tool to monitor the performance of (parts of) a sewer system in time and space. The research project showed that DTS is capable of monitoring the performance of house connections and identifying locations of inflow of both sewage and storm runoff. The research results show that the performance of storm water separating manifolds varies over time, thus making them unreliable.

scholarly journals River water intrusion as a source of inflow into the sanitary sewer system

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 2472-2481
Author(s):  
Shuai Guo ◽  
Xiang Shi ◽  
Xujia Luo ◽  
Haoming Yang
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Water Intrusion ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Water Problem ◽  
Groundwater Infiltration

Abstract Previous studies on the extraneous water problem (or infiltration/inflow) in sanitary sewer systems assumed that the wastewater flow is mainly composed of foul sewage (FS), groundwater infiltration (GWI) and rainfall-derived inflow and infiltration (RDII). Most existing assessment methods are based on this assumption. In 2018, China initiated the ‘Protection of the Yangtze River Program’, and the two-year research data showed that it was neither the GWI nor the RDII but the direct surface water intrusion (DSWI), which has rarely been reported in literatures, that serves as the main source of the extraneous water in many local sewer systems. The discovery has enriched the understanding of the extraneous water in sewer systems. Meanwhile, it brings new challenges for the assessment of extraneous water. In this study, starting from the analysis of the low influent concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater treatment plant in a southeastern city in China, a river water intrusion point was successfully localized and the volume of river water intrusion was quantified by a series of field experiments. The methodology used in this study can also be applied in other areas with DSWI.

An agent-based approach for generating virtual sewer systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1090-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Urich ◽  
R. Sitzenfrei ◽  
M. Möderl ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Virtual Infrastructure ◽  
Sewer Networks

The application of artificial case studies is a well established technique in urban drainage to test measures, approaches or models. However, the preparation of a virtual case study for a sewer system is a tedious task. Several algorithms have been presented in the literature for an automatic generation of virtual sewer systems. Applying the approach of generating virtual cities by means of the software VIBe (Virtual Infrastructure Benchmarking) the urban structure (including elevation map, land use and population distribution) is generated firstly and the infrastructure is designed meeting the requirements of the urban structure. The aim of this paper is the development of an agent based approach for generating virtual sewer systems. This new algorithm functions as module of the software VIBe but can of course also be applied to a real city in order to get information on possible/optimal sewer placement. Here hundred virtual VIBe cities and for each twelve virtual sewer networks are generated and calibrated based on data of an alpine region. It is revealed that with the approach presented virtual sewer networks which are comparable with real world sewer networks can be generated. The agent based method provides data sets for benchmarking and allows case independent testing of new measures.

A conceptual model for sediment transport in combined sewer systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Schlütter
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Combined Sewer

This paper presents a numerical model capable of simulating sediment transport in combined sewer systems. The main objectives of the model are to model mass transport rates at the outlet from a catchment and at the same time obtaining qualitative information on erosion and deposition going on at different locations in the sewer system. The model is conceptual but based on deterministic computations of hydraulic conditions. The formulations used in the conceptual model (STSim) are presented as well as results from a sensitivity analysis. Finally, an example is given of a calibration event from a case study.

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