Application of sodium ferrate produced from industrial wastes for TOC removal of surface water

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1275
Author(s):  
H. Momtazpour ◽  
S. Jorfi ◽  
T. Tabatabaie ◽  
A. A. Pazira
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Water Response

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium ferrate synthesized from industrial effluents (SF-W) and that of synthetized from analytical grade chemicals (SF-O) on total organic carbon (TOC) removal from surface water. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the operating variables such as pH, dosing rate, rapid mixing time, and gentle mixing speed on TOC removal. A TOC removal of 89.805% and 79.79% was observed for SF-O and SF-W, respectively. Ferrate as SF-O and SF-W demonstrated 26.67% and 8.51% more TOC removal at a lower dosage compared to conventional chemicals such as chlorine, ozone, poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and polyelectrolyte. The optimum conditions of the independent variables including sodium ferrate (SF-O and SF-W), pH, rapid mixing time and gentle mixing speed were found to be 1.54 mg/L and 2.68 mg/L, 8.5, 30 s at 120 rpm for coagulation followed by 20 min of gentle mixing. Economic analysis showed that the application of SF instead of conventional chemicals provides a significant reduction in operational costs by about 68%, mainly because of the reduction of chemicals and energy consumption.

Optimization of COD and Color Removal for Matang’s Landfill Leachate Treatment by Using Polyaluminum Chloride

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri ◽  
Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Anuar Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Flocculation Process

In this research, a physico-chemical treatment method of coagulation-flocculation process is implemented in treating partially stabilized leachate from Matang Landfill, Perak, Malaysia. Central composite design has been used to optimize the independent variables namely polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant dosage (A), rapid mixing speed (B) and rapid mixing time (C). The experimental results were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that the percentage of color and COD removal was found increased by increasing rapid mixing speed with optimum removal of 95 % and 56 % respectively. Besides, the R-squared values implied that 86.22 % and 97.34% of the total variation explained by the model equation. Furthermore, the model analysis revealed that rapid mixing speed were significant for removal of color and COD through single parameter (B) and interaction between parameter (AB) respectively. This finding proves the influence of mixing parameter in coagulation-flocculation process for leachate treatment.

Optimization of the Coagulation Process for Kaolin and Humic Acid Removal Using Polymeric Aluminum Ferric Sulfate

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhen Jiang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Jun Ren Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Coagulation Performance ◽  
Slow Mixing

In the paper, the optimization of the coagulation process for Kaolin and humic acid removal using polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate (PAFS) was studied. In order to obtain the maximum turbidity and humic acid removal efficiency of Kaolin and humic acid simulated wastewater, the optimum coagulation conditions was investigated with the factors of mixing speed and time. Furthermore, mixing speed and time including parameters affecting the coagulation performance such as rapid mixing speed, rapid mixing time, slow mixing speed and slow mixing time using single factor and orthogonal array L9 (34) analysis were examined. The results showed that the optimum single factor of mixing speed and time indicated rapid mixing speed of 350 rpm, rapid mixing time of 1.0 min, slow mixing speed of 60 rpm and slow mixing time of 20 min. Then the orthogonal optimization experiment of mixing speed and time indicated maximum HA removal efficiency was 97.5% at rapid mixing speed of 350 rpm, rapid mixing time of 1.25 min, slow mixing speed of 60 rpm, and slow mixing time of 20 min.

Decolorization of Reactive Black 5 using Peroxymonosulfate in Fentonlike Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülin Ersöz ◽  
Süheyda Atalay
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Initial Ph

AbstractOne of the advanced oxidation processes, the Oxone process, was studied to determine its effects on the decolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in an aqueous solution. Ferrous ion was chosen as the transition metal due to its potential catalytic effect and wide availability in dye containing industrial effluents. The effects of the operating parameters such as Fe(II) and Oxone concentration, initial pH, and temperature on the process performance were investigated. The optimum conditions were determined as: 0.5 mM of Oxone concentration, 0.5 mM of Fe

Novel ZnFe2O4/TiO2/flake graphite composite as particle electrodes for efficient photoelectrocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B in water

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-761
Author(s):  
Dan Jia ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Stephen M. Long ◽  
Hao L. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Flake Graphite ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation

Abstract A novel ZnFe2O4/TiO2/flake graphite composite material was synthesized and used as particle electrodes in a photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) system to investigate the degradation of rhodamine B as a model dye pollutant in water. Results showed that a PEC process with the new composite evidently led to enhanced degradation of rhodamine B due to a synergistic effect of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Operating variables including electrolyte concentration, applied cell voltage, air flow, composite dosage, solution pH, and dye concentration were also found to play important roles in rhodamine B removal. A 99.0% removal efficiency was observed within 30 min of treatment under optimum conditions of 0.01 mol/L Na2SO4, applied cell voltage of 15 V, air flow of 20 mL/min, composite dosage of 10 g/L, solution pH of 2, and rhodamine B concentration of 20 mg/L, with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.278 min−1. These findings could provide new insights into the development of efficient PEC technologies on degradation of residual dyes in water.

Industrial pollution and vegetable farming in sharada industrial layout of Kano municipal area council

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Ikenna Uzonu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Vegetable Farming

This work examined the effects of industrial effluents on surface water used for vegetable irrigation in Kano City of Kano State. As the population of Kano increases, more demand is placed on these industries for products thus leading to the generation of large volumes of effluents that are discharged directly into nearby streams without treatment. The usage of this surface water for vegetable irrigation by a significant number of vegetable farmers is a matter of major concern due to the presence of pollutants. Some of the field measurements were carried out insitu while others were taken to the laboratory for analysis. Groundwater samples were taken from a borehole and two hand-dug wells while surface water was taken from point of discharge and two other points along the Challawa River which is the main source of water for vegetable irrigation. Composite soil samples were taken from four points within the vegetable farms. The Federal Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Ministry of Environment standards were used as baseline standards for limits. Results show that presence of Fe, Pb, Mn, Cr and Cd were found to be above the FMEnv limits in the soil, the presence of SO4, Cu and K were also found to be above the FMEnv limits as well in groundwater while BOD, NO2 and Cr were above the FEPA limit for surface water. Some of the recommendations include constant monitoring for the presence of heavy metals in soils and irrigation water and that the need for the construction of both primary and secondary treatment plants has become essential.

Organic THMs precursors removal from surface water with low TOC and high alkalinity by enhanced coagulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rizzo ◽  
V. Belgiorno ◽  
S. Meriç
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Surface Water Resource ◽  
Free Residual Chlorine ◽  
Residual Al

NOM removal from surface waters is needed because of potentially carcinogen compound (trihalomethane, THM) formation due to reaction between NOM and free residual chlorine used for disinfection. The stringent limits for THMs (e.g., 30 μg/l in Italy) force conventional drinking water treatment plants to increase TOC removal efficiency by enhanced coagulation. This study was performed on 17 samples taken from a surface water resource with low TOC content (<3 mg/l) and high alkalinity (190 mg as CaCO3/l) to remove TOC and other parameters (DOC, UV254, SUVA, turbidity), typically used to characterize NOM content. Four different coagulants (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, FeSO4·7H2O and PACl) were used in jar test without adding polymer as flocculant. There was no correlation between DOC and SUVA in raw and treated water. TOC removal efficiencies (15–30%) required by the USEPA D/DBPs rule were obtained using 30–50 mg/l alum, 30–50 mg/l of FeCl3, and less than 20 mg/l of PACl (as Al2O3, 10%). The use of PACl is suggested for both lesser TTHMFP and residual Al levels (<100 μg/l) occurrences without any pH adjustment.

Modeling and Optimizing of Mechanically Agitated Vessels by Central Composite Rotatable Design Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Zadghaffari ◽  
Jafarsadegh Moghaddas ◽  
F. Fakheri ◽  
H. Razmi ◽  
H. Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Injection Point ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Rotatable Design

A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) methodology was used to analyze the effect of some operating variables on gas-liquid two phase mixing time in an agitated tank driven by dual 6-blade Rushton turbines. The variables chosen were the impellers rotational speed (x1), gas flow rate (x2), probe location (x3) and tracer injection point (x4). The mathematical relationship of mixing time on the four significant independent variables can be approximated by a nonlinear polynomial model. Predicted values were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values (R-sq of 95.9 percent and R-Sq (Adj) of 95.7 percent for response Y). This study has shown that central composite design could efficiently be applied for the modeling of mixing time, and it is an economical way of obtaining the maximum amount of information with the fewest number of experiments.

Effect of High Shear Mixing Parameters and Degassing Temperature on the Morphology of Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneer Al-Qadhi ◽  
Nesar Merah ◽  
Khaled Mezghani ◽  
Zafarullah Khan ◽  
Zuhair Gasem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
High Shear ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Shear Mixing ◽  
Mixing Method

Epoxy-clay nanocomposites were prepared by high shear mixing method using Nanomer I.30E nanoclay as nano-reinforcement in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The effect of mixing speed and time on the nature and degree of clay dispersion were investigated by varying the mixing speed in the range of 500-8000 RPM and mixing time in the range of 15-90 minutes. The effect of degassing temperature on the morphology of the resultant nanocomposites was also studied. Scanning and transmission microscopy (SEM & TEM) along with x-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to characterize the effect of shear mixing speed, mixing time and degassing temperature on the structure of the resultant nanocomposites. The SEM, TEM and XRD examinations demonstrated that the degree of clay dispersion was improved with increasing the high shear mixing speed and mixing time. The results showed that the optimum high shear mixing speed and mixing time were 6000 rpm and 60 min, respectively. It was observed that the structure of the nanocomposites that have been degassed at 65oC was dominated by ordered intercalated morphology while disordered intercalated with some exfoliated morphology was found for the sample degassed at 100oC for the first 2 hours of the degassing process.

Surface water response of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean to orbital forcing

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McIntyre ◽  
William F. Ruddiman ◽  
Karen Karlin ◽  
Alan C. Mix
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Orbital Forcing ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Water Response

scholarly journals Green Process for Industrial Waste Transformation into Super-Oxidizing Materials Named Alkali Metal Ferrates (VI)

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndue Kanari ◽  
Etleva Ostrosi ◽  
Cécile Diliberto ◽  
Inna Filippova ◽  
Seit Shallari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Sulfate Heptahydrate ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Alkali Hydroxides

The investigation presented here features the design of a cleaner and greener chemical process for the conversion of industrial wastes into super-oxidizing materials. The waste of interest is the iron sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O) mainly generated through the sulfate route used for titanium dioxide industrial production. The products of this transformation process are alkali ferrates (A2FeO4, A = Na, K) containing iron in its hexavalent state and considered as powerful oxidants characterized by properties useful for cleaning waters, wastewaters, and industrial effluents. The proposed process includes two steps: (i) The first step consisting of the pre-mixing of two solids (AOH with FeSO4·xH2O) in a rotary reactor allowing the coating of iron sulfate in the alkali hydroxides through solid–solid reactions; and (ii) the second step involves the synthesis of alkali ferrates in a fluidized bed by oxidation of the single solid obtained in the first step in diluted chlorine. The chemical synthesis of alkali ferrates can be carried out within a timeframe of a few minutes. The usage of a fluidized bed enhanced the energy and mass transfer allowing a quasi-complete control of the ferrate synthesis process. The alkali ferrate synthesis process described here possesses many characteristics aligned with the principles of the “green chemistry”.

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