scholarly journals Preparation, characterization of fish scales biochar and their applications in the removal of anionic indigo carmine dye from aqueous solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2218-2231
Author(s):  
George O. Achieng ◽  
Chrispin O. Kowenje ◽  
Joseph O. Lalah ◽  
Stephen O. Ojwach
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Indigo Carmine Dye

Abstract The preparation and applications of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish scale biochars (FSB) as an adsorbent in the removal of indigo carmine dye (ICD) from aqueous solutions is described. The biochars were prepared through pyrolysis over a temperature range of 200 °C–800 °C and characterized for surface charge, functional groups, thermal stability, particle size and morphology, elemental composition, crystallinity, and surface area by using pHpzc, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques, respectively. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the variation of adsorption process with initial dye concentration, contact time, initial solution pH, adsorbent load, temperature and adsorbent pyrolysis temperature on the removal of the dye. The percentage removal increased with increase in initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage. A pH of 2 was the most appropriate for the adsorption experiments. The equilibrium data fitted pseudo-first-order kinetics and Freundlich models, while the thermodynamic parameters confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O Cabbage/RGO Nanocomposites under Visible Light Irradiation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Appusamy Muthukrishnaraj ◽  
Salma Ahmed Al-Zahrani ◽  
Ahmed Al Otaibi ◽  
Semmedu Selvaraj Kalaivani ◽  
Ayyar Manikandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dye Pollutants ◽  
Transmission Electron

Towards the utilization of Cu2O nanomaterial for the degradation of industrial dye pollutants such as methylene blue and methyl orange, the graphene-incorporated Cu2O nanocomposites (GCC) were developed via a precipitation method. Using Hummers method, the grapheme oxide (GO) was initially synthesized. The varying weight percentages (1–4 wt %) of GO was incorporated along with the precipitation of Cu2O catalyst. Various characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible diffused reflectance (UV-DRS), Raman spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and electro chemical impedance (EIS) were followed for characterization. The cabbage-like morphology of the developed Cu2O and its composites were ascertained from field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). In addition, the growth mechanism was also proposed. The results infer that 2 wt % GO-incorporated Cu2O composites shows the highest value of degradation efficiency (97.9% and 96.1%) for MB and MO at 160 and 220 min, respectively. Further, its catalytic performance over visible region (red shift) was also enhanced to an appreciable extent, when compared with that of other samples.

Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Particles Size and Morphology of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticle

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudzani Sigwadi ◽  
Simon Dhlamini ◽  
Touhami Mokrani ◽  
Patrick Nonjola
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Ft Ir

The paper presents the synthesis and investigation of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles that were synthesised by precipitation method with the effects of the temperatures of reaction on the particles size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stability at high temperature. The reaction temperature effect on the particle size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stabilized a higher temperature (tetragonal and cubic) phases was studied. Thermal decomposition, band structure and functional groups were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The crystal structure was determined using X-ray diffraction. The morphology and the particle size were studied using (SEM) and (TEM). The shaped particles were confirmed through the SEM analysis. The transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the formation of the nanoparticles with the particle size. The FT-IR spectra showed the strong presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles.

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Using a Bioflocculant Extracted from Alcaligenis faecalis HCB2

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1064-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosinathi G. Dlamini ◽  
Albertus K. Basson ◽  
V. S. R. Rajasekhar Pullabhotla
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir

Bioflocculant from Alcaligenis faecalis HCB2 was used in the eco-friendly synthesis of the copper nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The transmission electron microscopy images showed close to spherical shapes with an average particle size of ∼53 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of the Cu nanopartilces and also the other elements such as O, C, P, Ca, Cl, Na, K, Mg, and S originated from the bioflocculant. FT-IR results showed the presence of the –OH and –NH2 groups, aliphatic bonds, amide and Cu–O bonds. Powder X-ray diffraction peaks confirmed the presence of (111) and (220) planes of fcc structure at 2 of 33° and 47° respectively with no other impurity peaks.

Preparations of Hydroxyapatite from Tilapia Scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANAGESWARY SOCKALINGAM ◽  
Mohd Azha Yahya ◽  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Different Temperatures

Hydroxyapatite (HAp), classified as bioceramic materials is the major mineral constituent of vertebrate bones and teeth. In this study, the effect of temperature on isolation and characterization of HAp from tilapia fish scales have been investigated. Scales were subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures (800°C and 1000°C) and microstructure of both raw and calcined scales were observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) results have revealed the best calcination temperature of tilapia scales to be 800°C due to the calculated calcium to phosphorous weight ratio (Ca/P). The Ca/P ratio for scales treated at 800°C and 1000°C were 1.598 and 1.939 respectively. The phase purity and crystallinity of produced HAp was further confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Based on the study, it can be concluded that tilapia fish scale is a good natural source of HAp with 800°C as the optimum calcination temperature in HAp production.

Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Amine-Modified Fly Ash Cenospheres (FACs)

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Sun ◽  
Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Phenol Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fly Ash Cenospheres

Removal of phenols from waters and wastewaters is an important issue in order to protect public health and environment. In an effort to develop an effective adsorbent for removal of phenol from aqueous solutions, fly ash cenospheres (FACs), the solid wastes generated from a coal-firing power plant, were modified with an amino-terminated organosilicon (γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, KH550). Surface properties of the KH550-modified FACs (M-FACs) were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The characterized results showed that KH550 was successfully grated on the surface of FACs. The effects of various experimental parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature upon the phenol adsorption onto M-FACs were evaluated. The results showed solution pH had a major impact on the phenol adsorption onto M-FACs, the optimum phenol removal was observed around pH 7-9. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting that the mainly phenol adsorption process was predominantly controlled by chemical process. M-FACs presented more than double adsorptive capacity as compared with FACs. The adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbents could still be maintained at 83% by the fourth adsorption-desorption cycle.

scholarly journals PEGylated MoS2 Nanosheets: A Dual Functional Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Organic Dyes and Photoreduction of Chromium from Aqueous Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madima Ntakadzeni ◽  
William Wilson Anku ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Penny Poomani Govender ◽  
Leelakrishna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Mos2 Nanosheets ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dual Functional

This article reports the synthesis of PEGylated microspheres of MoS2 nanosheets through the hydrothermal method and its application in rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes photodegradation, and photoreduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) in water under illumination with visible light. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and UV-Vis spectroscopies. XRD result reveals the MoS2 nanosheets to be present in the hexagonal phase of MoS2. SEM, TEM, and HRTEM images show that the synthesised sample has spherical shapes made up of several thin sheets of MoS2. The catalyst showed visible light responsivity with a calculated band gap of 1.92 eV. The MoS2 nanosheets exhibited high degradation efficiency against both dyes. The RhB and MB dyes experienced degradation efficiencies of 97.30 % (RhB) and 98.05 % (MB) in 75 min 90 min, respectively.  The MoS2 photocatalyst is also observed to be effective in photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and displayed 91.05% reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in 75 min. The results reveal that the synthesised MoS2 nanosheet is a good photocatalytic material for degradation of dyes and reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in water. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 22nd February 2018; Revised: 24th October 2018; Accepted: 30th October 2018; Available online: 25th January 2019; Published regularly: April 2019How to Cite: Ntakadzeni, M., Anku, W.W., Kumar, N., Govender, P.P., Reddy, L. (2019). PEGylated MoS2 Nanosheets: A Dual Functional Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Organic Dyes and Photoreduction of Chromium from Aqueous Solution. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 14 (1): 142-152 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2258.142-152)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2258.142-152 

Microstructure Characterization of Alumina/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Coating

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Song Bi ◽  
Xin Jia Su ◽  
Gen Liang Hou ◽  
Zhou Xiao ◽  
Guo Qiang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Plasma Spray ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
Α Al2o3

Alumina/carbon nanotubes (Al2O3/CNTs) composite coating was synthesized by plasma spray employing mixtures of Al2O3-coated CNTs and nano-sized α-Al2O3 at atmosphere. This coating was characterized for the microstructure and the composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the thickness of the coating is about 0.5mm and the constituent elements were changed to α-Al2O3, CNTs and γ-Al2O3 duo to the superhigh temperature during the plasma spray process. The great mass of the mixtures were melted well and the CNTs were dispersed uniformly in the melted ceramic. The oxidation resistance and the microwave absorption properties were discussed simply to describe the functions of the composite coating.

scholarly journals Study on the Adsorption Properties of Iron Tailings for GO

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhou ◽  
Liming Yao ◽  
Yunfeng Wang ◽  
Weiqi Zhao ◽  
Jiahui Gu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron

Iron tailings can be used as adsorbents to effectively remove graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous solutions. Experimental data show that pH, iron tailing quality, GO concentration and temperature have significant effects on the removal of GO, the adsorption of the tail involves a single layer adsorbed Langmuir model with exothermic reaction, and it compliance with the proposed dynamics model meets the requirements, the adsorption process is a spontaneous physical adsorption process. Combining scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the iron tail according to the mechanisms of ore adsorption of GO, it was concluded that iron tailings might be a very promising material to effectively remove GO in aqueous solutions. The results of this research provide key information for the transportation and potential fate of GO in the natural environment.

Synthesis, Characterization and Use of Supported Co/gama-Al2O3 for the Removal of Reactive Blue 19 from Aqueous Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
Maria Larion ◽  
Emil Ioan Muresan ◽  
Cezar Doru Radu ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
Angela Cerempei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reactive Blue 19 ◽  
Uv Visible

In this study, systematic adsorption tests were carried out using Co/gama-Al2O3 adsorbents of different compositions for removal of Reactive Blue 19 dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray powder diffraction, diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy and EDX analysis. The influences of several parameters such as pH, adsorbent concentration, adsorption time and dye concentration on the adsorption capacity of g-Al2O3 and Co/g-Al2O3 were investigated. The obtained results indicate that the adsorption is strongly dependent on the solution pH. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Reactive blue 19 dye onto Co/gama-Al2O3 takes place at around pH 2. The adsorption process is fast in the first minutes (95% from the amount of dye being removed after 6 minutes).

scholarly journals Extraction of Bio Polymers from Crustacean Shells and its Application in Refinery Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija Salim ABDULLAH AL BALUSHI ◽  
Geetha DEVI ◽  
Amira Sulaiman RASHID KHAMIS AL GHARIBI ◽  
Mohammed Adeeb Salim ADEEB ◽  
Alaa Saif Mohammed AL HUDAIFI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refinery Effluent ◽  
Seafood Processing

The fisheries sector is one of the most ancient and important sectors in the world and plays a significant role in providing the nutrition and socio-economic development of the country. The fish processing industry produces huge quantities of wastewater, encompassing significant amounts of contaminants in the form of soluble, colloidal, and particulate matters. The disposal of shellfish waste is a serious issue, and the effluents discharged from seafood-processing plants contain high amounts of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), dissolved solids, suspended solids, and turbidity. The existing waste management system lacks a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method. The current research focus on the extraction of a biopolymer chitosan from crab shells by ecofriendly methods and its application in refinery wastewater treatment. The chemical structure and crystallinity of the extracted chitosan was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Surface morphology and elemental composition were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). Thermal properties were detected using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The extracted chitosan was successfully employed in the batch treatment of refinery effluent by varying the experimental parameters (refinery effluent solution pH, contact time, dosage of chitosan, and stirring speed) and the optimizations of the processing conditions were established.

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